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Food Security：Current Situation， Problem and Countermeasure Lixia CHEN, Jingze LIU, Lizhu WU, Yinzhu SHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (11): 7-14.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0336 Abstract （306）   HTML （10）    PDF （518KB）（883）       Knowledge map    Save Human is an important functional unit in the ecosystem and has producted great impact on the environment of the earth. With the rapid growth of population and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources during the process of social and economic development， the reduction of forest areas， land degradation， water scarcity， global temperature rise， and severe damage to biodiversity have occurred， leading to a significant decrease in crop yield and a growing food security problem. This paper introduced the current situation of food security issues and their main causes，also present various measures to address food security issues， such as promoting the development of green energy， reducing greenhouse gas emissions， adjusting research objectives and methods， advocating for diversified planting models， and improving food productivity. These sustainable development strategies aimed to collectively tackle the challenges of food security and achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and the earth， which was expected to provide reference for addressing food security issues. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature and Time on Physicochemical Properties and Adsorption Properties of Biochar Zhiwei LYU, Dongmei LI, Meijuan JIN, Yanhui ZHANG, Yueyue TAO, Xinwei ZHOU, Haihou WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (2): 211-217.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0453 Abstract （299）   HTML （2）    PDF （887KB）（750）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the response of physicochemical properties and adsorption properties of biochar to pyrolysis temperature and time， and clarify the appropriate time for preparing biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures， the garden waste branches were used as raw materials， and 5 pyrolysis times （12， 24， 36， 48， 60 min） were set at conventional pyrolysis temperatures of 450 and 650 ℃. The effects of pyrolysis time on biochar yield， pH， ash content， aromaticity， hydrophilicity， polarity and iodine adsorption value at different pyrolysis temperatures were analyzed. The results showed that the yield of biochar decreased with the increase of pyrolysis time. At 450 ℃， compared with 12 min pyrolysis treatment， the yield of biochar decreased significantly under 24， 36， 48 and 60 min pyrolysis treatments， but there was no significant difference among these treatments， and the above changes were consistent with those at 650 ℃. With the increase of pyrolysis time， the pH， ash content and aromaticity of biochar increased continuously， while the hydrophilicity and polarity decreased continuously. At 450 ℃， there was little or no significant difference in each index under 48 and 60 min pyrolysis treatments. At 650 ℃， there was no significant difference in pH of biochar under 24， 36， 48 and 60 min pyrolysis treatments， and there was no significant change in ash content， aromaticity， hydrophilicity and polarity of biochar under 36， 48 and 60 min pyrolysis treatments. With the increase of pyrolysis time， the iodine adsorption value of biochar increased continuously. At 450 ℃， the iodine adsorption value of biochar was the largest under 48 and 60 min pyrolysis treatments， which was higher than other treatments. At 650 ℃ for 36， 48 and 60 min pyrolysis， the pyrolysis time had no significant effect on the iodine adsorption value of biochar. Based on the changes of physical and chemical properties and adsorption properties of biochar， the pyrolysis time required for the preparation of biochar at 450 ℃ should not be less than 48 min， and the pyrolysis time at 650 ℃ should not be less than 36 min. Above the time value， the effect of pyrolysis time on the properties and functions of biochar should be significantly reduced. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Advances of CRISPR-Cas System in Genome Editing of Bacillus subtilis Zhikang SUN, Liqun LI, Jie HAO, Han WU, Na WU, Chao ZHENG, Qiang JI, Xuanwen LI, Chen CHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (2): 24-32.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0260 Abstract （545）   HTML （15）    PDF （757KB）（735）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis is a food safety microorganism， which has been widely used in industrial fermentation. CRISPR （clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats） mediated genome editing technology has played an important role in the research of microbial metabolic engineering with B. subtilis as the chassis cell. The immune response mechanism and classification of CRISPR-Cas system were introduced， as well as the 3 types of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in B. subtilis. It focused on summarizing the latest CRISPR development and design strategies， with a view to providing references for optimizing existing B. subtilis genome editing systems， thereby improving the industrial application potential of B. subtilis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Main Chemical Compounds Analysis of 9 White Tea Standard Samples Based on UPLC-MS/MS Technology Liqin CHEN, Ziwei ZHOU, Yawei CAI, Zhaohui ZHANG, Shengtao JIANG, Aikebaer Reheman, Yan CHEN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 50-62.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0284 Abstract （196）   HTML （1）    PDF （2527KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate white tea products of different types and grades objectively and systematically， ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） technology was used to detect and analyze main chemical compounds such as catechins and theanine in white tea standard samples of different types and different grades of the same type， using Chinese white tea standard samples as the test material. The results showed that， with the decrease of grade， the overall “fragrance and flavor” gradually weaken， and the taste changes from clean and umami to clean and sweet， and then to mellow and thick. Compared with different grades of white tea， it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the grades of white tea and arginine （Arg）， aspartic acid （Asp）， threonine （Thr）. Among them， Asp decreased with the decrease of grade， so Asp was the key main chemical compounds that determined the taste differences of different grades of Baihao Yinzhen， Baimudan， Gongmei and Shoumei. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） of main chemical compounds in samples of different types revealed that the variable importance projection （VIP） values of 12 compounds including alanine （Ala）， theanine （L-Thea）， histidine （His）， lysine （Lys）， as well as epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG）， were greater than or equal to 1.0. Analysis of main chemical compounds in samples of the same type with different grades revealed that characteristic main chemical compounds exhibited were proline （Pro）， His， L-Thea and phenylalanine （Phe）. Above results provided theoretical reference for the evaluation and analysis of the flavor quality of white tea products in China， and had reference value for the quality level discrimination of white tea products with different types and different grades of the same type. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Types of Rice Straw Addition on Soil Microbial Communities Under Continuous Tobacco Cropping Chengliang XIONG, Qingfu ZHANG, Weiyuan YAO, Tao XIA, Qingping XU, Xixin ZHOU, Yi ZHANG, Lijuan CHEN, Liu YANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 233-240.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0234 Abstract （267）   HTML （1）    PDF （3452KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the effects of adding different types of rice straw on soil bacterial communities under continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco， fresh rice straw （FS） and rotted rice straw （RS） were added in soil， with no straw as control （CK）. The community composition and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi at different times （0， 7， 30， 60 and 90 d） under 3 treatments were studied by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that fresh rice straw and rotted rice straw could significantly improve the diversity and richness of soil microbial community. After 90 d in FS and RS treatments， the Chao 1 index， Shannon index and Simpson index of bacteria and the Chao 1 index of fungi were significantly improved. The analysis of community structure composition showed that FS and RS treatments increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria， Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia. FS treatment increased the relative abundance of Basidiomycota， and decreased the relative abundances of Chytridiomycota and Rozellomycota. RS treatment increased the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota， and decreased the relative abundances of Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. In summary， the addition of fresh rice straw and rotted rice straw could change the community composition of soil bacteria and fungi， improve the health status of soil with continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco. Compared with rotted rice straw treatment， fresh rice straw treatment increased the abundance of pathogenic fungi. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Biochar and Straw on Growth Characteristics and Nutrient Uptake of Different Crops Saisai HOU, Shanshan TONG, Pengqi WANG, Bingxue XIE, Ruifang ZHANG, Xinxin WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 179-191.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0765 Abstract （433）   HTML （3）    PDF （3273KB）（613）       Knowledge map    Save Biochar and maize straw can improve soil quality and promote crop growth， but their improvement effects may vary in different crop species. It is of practical significance for agricultural production to explore the difference of response of different crop growth traits and nutrient absorption efficiency to biochar and maize straw. A pot experiment was carried out on Chinese cabbage， agrostis， caryophylla and alfalfa with no material added， biochar added， maize straw added， biochar combined with maize straw， respectively， to analyze the changes of soil nutrients， crop growth and nutrient absorption. The results showed that the contents of soil nutrients （total nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium and organic carbon） were affected by biochar， corn straw and their combined application in the range of -28.78%~40.41%， -17.85%~53.20% and -3.45%~62.51%， respectively. The combined application of biochar and maize straw significantly affected the growth of 4 crops，and the above-ground dry weight increased by 23.74%~80.89%. The root length increased by 22.51%~77.91%， 25.86%~80.45% and 45.93%~149.24%， and the nutrient absorption efficiency increased by 3.40%~143.73%， 1.07%~188.80% and 9.82%~290.32%， respectively，under the treatments of biochar， corn straw and their combined application. The application of biochar and maize straw significantly improved the growth of the 4 crops. Biochar and maize straw increased the soil nutrients， promoted the nutrient absorption of crops， and promoted the above-ground and root growth of crops. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the extensive utilization and popularization of biochar and straw. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Symptoms and Pathogen Identification of Ficus carica Bacterial Leaf Spot Disease in Fujian Mengting JI, Ling ZHU, Xiaohua LUO, Yuting ZHENG, Shun XIAO, Fangping HU, Xueqing CAI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 147-154.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0546 Abstract （2228）   HTML （0）    PDF （2145KB）（563）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the taxonomy of the pathogen causing a new bacterial leaf spot disease on fig （Ficus carica） in Fuzhou in 2020， diseased fig leaves were collected as test materials. The bacterial strains were isolated from the diseased leaves by streak plate method， and then the pathogenicity of the strains was determined by tobacco allergic reaction， spray inoculated fig leaves and Koch’s rule. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics， physiological and biochemical determination， and phylogenetic tree analysis using partial sequences of 16S rDNA， gyrB and rpoD. The results showed that 10 bacterial strains were isolated and purified from the diseased leaves， healthy fig leaves demonstrated similar symptoms as the specimen collected from fields， and the identical morphological bacterial strains were re-isolated from diseased fig leaves. Thus， all of the bacterial strains were identified as the causal pathogens of bacterial leaf spot disease by Koch’s rule. The colony morphology was light yellow， round， and flat on the NA medium after 2 d of culture， and the gram staining reaction was negative. The bacterial strains could produce green water-soluble fluorescent on KB medium. The sequencing analysis based on 16S rDNA， gyrB and rpoD showed that the test strains were clustered with Pseudomonas cichorii； and the results of physiological and biochemical characteristics， Biolog phenotypes instrument， and specific primers were similar to the P. cichorii strain 5707， therefore the 10 isolated bacterial strains were identified as P. cichorii. It was the first report that P. cichorii could naturally cause the leaf spot disease in F. carica. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Functional Gene Detection of High -quality and Drought -resistant Wheat Germplasms Zhenyu XUE, Kangkang ZHANG, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Qiangqiang YAN, Lirong YAO, Hong ZHANG, Yaxiong MENG, Erjing SI, Baochun LI, Xiaole MA, Huajun WANG, Juncheng WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 35-49.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0200 Abstract （217）   HTML （5）    PDF （2532KB）（546）       Knowledge map    Save In order to efficiently carry out the screening of excellent wheat germplasms， a total of 163 wheat germplasms were used as materials to analyze their high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition （HMW-GS）， drought resistance during germination and seedling stages，and high-quality drought resistant germplasms were slected. Known functional genes/loci of high-quality drought resistant germplasm resources were detected. The results showed that among the tested materials， 11 and 1 germplasms were identified to contain the combination 1/7+8/5+10 and N/14+15/2+12 of high-quality noodle， and 5 and 53 were identified to contain the combination 1/7+9/5+10 and N/7+8/2+12 of high-quality steamed bun subunits， respectively. After combining the comprehensive evaluation resuits of drought resistance during the germination and seedling stages， a total of 14 wheat germplasms with strong drought resistance were identified. In addition， based on the HMW-GS identification results of these 14 drought-resistant germplasms， 9 high-quality drought resistant germplasms were ultimately selected， namely Zhong 41-42， Longyu 5， Longmai 079， Lantian 31， 92-47， Mianmai 367， Xikemai 531， Tongmai 3 and Linhan 5322. After testing， these 9 high-quality drought resistant materials contained genes/loci that increase grain weight and resistance to Fusarium head blight， stripe rust and leaf rust. 6 germplasms contained gene Ppo2-D1 that enhanced polyphenol oxidase activity. 6 germplasms contained the semi-dwarf gene RHT-8， and only Longmai 079 contained drought resistant gene TaSINA-2. The above results provide excellent germplasms and necessary theoretical support for wheat breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Codon Preference in Vitis vinifera Genome Liangcai DA, Shanshan LIU, Junlin LIU, Lijuan ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 78-86.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0808 Abstract （365）   HTML （2）    PDF （1200KB）（543）       Knowledge map    Save Codon preference is present in the genomes of almost all known species. In order to understand the codon use preference of Vitis vinifera genome and improve the efficiency of gene heterologous expression， the characteristics and influencing factors of coding gene codons in Vitis vinifera were studied and analyzed using genome-wide data of Vitis vinifera as the basic material， and the codon preference were compared with other expression systems and plant genomes of Vitis vinifera subfamily. The results showed that， based the chromosome sequence of grape， 21 887 coding sequences were screened out for analyzing the codons preference. The GC content of the codon in encoding gene of Vitis vinifera showed GC1 （50.19%）>GC3 （43.92%）>GC2 （40.36%）， and the last base of codon was preferred to A/U. The 19 optimal codons were identified， including GCA， GCU， GAU， UUU， GGA， GGU， CAU， AUU， CUU， AAU， CCA， CCU， CAA， UCA， UCU， ACA， ACU， GUU， UAU， among which 6 codons ended with A and 13 codons ended with U. The preference of Vitis vinifera genomic codon was influenced by natural selection and mutation， and the natural selection was the main factor. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the study of grape genomics， and also provided guidance for improving the expression of heterologous proteins in Vitis vinifera and the in vitro expression of Vitis vinifera-related proteins. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Key Application Scenario of Intelligent Orchard Jianwei WU, Lin ZHANG, Wengang ZHENG, Xiangyang QIN, Zhonggao WU, Xihong FANG, Yongquan WANG, Tiangang LU, Jian WANG, Xiangshu PIAO, Fang WANG, Qiaoyun YUE, Haihe ZHANG, Jing JI, Xiaoman CONG, Qifeng LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (3): 12-23.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0816 Abstract （682）   HTML （19）    PDF （6800KB）（532）       Knowledge map    Save Intelligent orchards is a new production mode that deeply integrates modern information technology and intelligent equipment with all aspects of orchard production， achieving quantitative decision-making， precise input， digital and intelligent management. To enhance the digitalization level of the fruit industry， focusing on the latest research progress in key application scenarios of intelligent orchards，this paper analyzed the strategic position and layout significance of intelligent fruit industry in the process of agricultural modernization， and proposed several suggestions to promote the development of intelligent orchards based on the current research and application status in China. It also detaily elaborated the design and establishment of a intelligent orchard scenario in Beijing， which encompassing integrated environmental monitoring of the orchard’s “sky-ground” environment， integrated water and fertilizer input， machine-friendly intelligent equipment and a comprehensive management service platform. It aimed to create an efficient collaborative ecosystem from multiple dimensions， point the way for the future development of intelligent orchards， inject new vitality into the deep integration of rural revitalization and digital agriculture， and promote the improvement， efficiency and high-quality development of the fruit industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil Available Phosphorus and Recommended Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rates for Tomato in China Chunjiao MI, Hongren SUN, Jiping ZHANG, Yucai LYU, Yandi ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 222-232.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0268 Abstract （184）   HTML （1）    PDF （1035KB）（521）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide an effective reference for phosphorus application in tomato upon soil testing， relevant experimental literatures on tomato fertilization were retrieved from database， and the abundance-deficiency index （ADI） of soil available P and the recommended phosphorus fertilizer application rate （RPFAR） for tomato in China were established by using “the piecemeal experiment data integration method” and “the new application formula of nutrient balance-soil fertility difference subtraction”. The results showed that the ADI of soil available P in open field for tomatoes in China from the first to sixth level were ≥296.9， 76.6~296.8， 19.8~76.5， 5.1~19.7， 1.3~5.0 and <1.2 mg·kg-1， respectively； the ADI of soil available P in facility for tomatoes in China from the first to sixth level were ≥298.4， 79.0~298.3， 20.9~78.9， 5.5~20.8，1.5~5.4 and <1.4 mg·kg-1， respectively； the ADI of soil available P in open field and facility for tomatoes in China from the first to sixth level were ≥313.0， 81.0~312.9， 20.9~80.9， 5.4~20.8， 1.4~5.3 and <1.3 mg·kg-1， respectively. When the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season in 15%~35% and the target yield of tomatoes in 45~195 t·hm-2， the RPFAR from the first to sixth level of soil phosphorus abundance-deficiency were 0， 13~130， 26~260， 39~390， 51~520 and 64~650 kg·hm-2. The recommended phosphorus application system for soil available P ADI of tomato in China was established， which provided a scientific basis for tomato soil testing and phosphorus application in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Synthesis and Gene Regulation of Floral Scents from Dendrobium Ruijing ZHAO, Hua CAO, Qinchang LIAO, Dongping CHEN, Decang CUN, Donghui LI, Han LI, Lin LU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (11): 32-42.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0196 Abstract （233）   HTML （3）    PDF （1760KB）（519）       Knowledge map    Save Most Dendrobium species in the Orchid family have high medicinal and ornamental value. There are about 1 200~1 500 species of Dendrobium in the world， among which 76 species of Dendrobium are distributed in China， mainly in Southwest， South and Taiwan， and Yunnan is the most distribution with 62 species. Floral scent is important ornamental trait of ornamental plants. With the development of molecular biology， great progress has been made in biochemical synthesis pathways， related gene regulation mechanisms and genetic engineering of floral scents. 17 major odorant components and the biosynthetic pathways， related enzymes and gene regulation mechanisms of 26 Dendrobium species reported in recent years were reviewed， and the future research and development direction were prospected， so as to provide reference for the improvement of floral scents in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of GhCOMT28 to Drought Stress in Gossypium hirsutum Yixin CHEN, Xiubo YANG, Shijun TIAN, Cong WANG, Zhiying BAI, Cundong LI, Ke ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 45-56.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0059 Abstract （430）   HTML （7）    PDF （6403KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save Melatonin， as an indoleamine compound， has a wide range of roles in regulating plant growth and development and resisting adversity stress. COMT （caffeic acid O-methyltransferase） is an O-methyltransferase that plays an important role in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway and is a key enzyme in melatonin synthesis. There are 57 GhCOMTs homologous genes in terrestrial cotton， among which GhCOMT28 and GhCOMT55 have the highest homology with Arabidopsis thalianaAtCOMT. In this study， GhCOMT28 was used as an example to parse its biological function， and GhCOMT28 and GhCOMT55 had the highest expression in the roots and stems of cotton， and GhCOMT28 was localized in the cells in the cytoplasm of cell. GhCOMT28 mRNA was induced by drought stress， and silencing of GhCOMT28 （TRV2：GhCOMT28） resulted in reduced melatonin levels in leaves， and the expression of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD）， catalase （CAT） and other antioxidant enzymes decreased， free radicals accumulation increased， and plant drought tolerance decreased. Overexpression of GhCOMT28 （35S：GhCOMT28-GFP） in Arabidopsis significantly improved plant drought tolerance. This study revealed that GhCOMT28 had an important role in regulating drought tolerance in cotton seedlings and had potential use for drought-tolerant variety improvement. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Environmental Characteristics and Forecast Status of Tuna Fisheries in Central and Western Pacific Guangyao LI, Shenglong YANG, Tianfei CHENG, Xuesen CUI, Weifeng ZHOU, Shengmao ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (5): 203-221.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0749 Abstract （191）   HTML （4）    PDF （1371KB）（456）       Knowledge map    Save The environmental characteristics of tuna fishing grounds in the Central and Western Pacific were reviewed， including ocean currents， thermal structure， dissolved oxygen distribution and interannual variations. The development process from empirical forecasting to intelligent forecasting technologies were systematically introduced based on big data and artificial intelligence. The applications and shortcomings of statistical methods， numerical model methods， remote sensing and geographic information system methods were focused for discussing， as well as artificial intelligence and machine learning methods in fishing grounds. And the development trend of integrated forecasting and multidisciplinary fusion in integrating multi-source data and remote sensing technology were looked forwar. It proposed that the future development direction of the Central and Western Pacific tuna fishery should be intelligent forecasting models， deepening interdisciplinary research and innovative sustainable management strategies， which provided reference for the sustainable utilization and scientific management of tuna fishery resources in the Central and Western Pacific. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Monitoring and Early Warning Technology of Forestry Pests and Diseases Xuesong JIANG, Zifan RONG, Linfeng HUANG, Qing CHEN, Zhicheng JIA, Jinpeng WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 1-16.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0210 Abstract （465）   HTML （2）    PDF （1961KB）（418）       Knowledge map    Save Forestry plays an important role in ecological environment protection and sustainable economic development， and forestry diseases and insect pests are the main factors restricting forestry development. In recent years， with the development of modern technologies such as remote sensing， machine vision， biology and the internet of things， an important means has been provided for accurate， rapid and large-scale forest pest monitoring and early warning. Therefore， a comprehensive review was made on the application of modern technology in forest pest monitoring and early warning， aiming at providing technical reference and auxiliary decision basis for relevant practitioners. In terms of remote sensing， the mechanism of forest pest monitoring based on spectral response was introduced， and the latest application progress of remote sensing technology in forest pest monitoring was discussed from different scales. In the aspect of machine vision， the advantages and disadvantages of traditional machine learning and deep learning were compared， and the help of transfer learning to network training and the feasibility of lightweight model in improving monitoring efficiency were analyzed. In biology， how to use the biological characteristics of insects and biological changes in plants to monitor insect pests and diseases were analyzed. On this basis， the combined application of internet of things， 5G and other network technologies with modern monitoring technology was expounded for remoting monitoring and early warning of forest pests and diseases. Finally， in view of the current forest disease and pest monitoring was not timely， the evolution was not clear， the early warning was not accurate， the prevention and control was not accurate and other problems， it should be urgent to establish the ground and air three-dimensional pest monitoring network with the internet of things technology as the core in the future， build a complete pest and disease database， and establish a multi-terminal online real-time information display monitoring and early warning system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Exogenous NO on Expression of Tomato Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Under Tomato Yellowing Leaf Curl Virus Stress Jincheng LUO, Xiaolin ZHU, Xiaohong WEI, Xian WANG, Baoqiang WANG, Xuefen DU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (2): 125-135.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0647 Abstract （2569）   HTML （5）    PDF （2999KB）（417）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide （NO） on the expression of tomato antioxidant gene under the stress of tomato yellow leaf curl virus （TYLCV）， the susceptible tomato Jinpeng 1 was used as the experimental material. Transcriptome sequencing， fluorescent qRT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis were performed under control （CK）， TYLCV （TY） and NO+TYLCV （NO+TY） treatments. The results showed that a total of 55 antioxidase-coding genes were selected in the tomato genome， among which the antioxidase-containing genes with the highest number of exons in different subcellular regions were significantly responsive to TYLCV stress. The number of NO-mediated antioxidant enzyme coding genes in different subcellular compartms showed chloroplast>cell membrane>cytoplasm>peroxisome>vacuole， in which the expression levels of Chl Cu-Zn SOD， Chl MR2， Chl GR， Per MR， Pla CAT1 and Pla CAT7 were significantly up-regulated， and the expression levels of Chl Fe SOD1， Chl Fe SOD2， Cyt GPX， Cyt APX1， Cyt APX2 L-5， Pla CAT3， Pla CAT8 and Vac CAT were significantly down-regulated. Fluorescence qRT-PCR verified that Chl GR， Min Mn SOD and Per CAT2 responded to TYLCV， and Chl Cu-Zn SOD， Pla CAT7， Pla CAT8 and Cyt APX2 L-5 responded to TYLCV and NO. Above results provided theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of NO in improving tomato disease resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development Status of Threshing Technology and Equipment of Grain Combine Harvester Chaoxu LEI, Chengqian JIN, Panpan LI, Xiaoyu YANG, Zihao ZHAO, Lulu LYU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (5): 90-102.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0813 Abstract （275）   HTML （7）    PDF （2838KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the core working parts of the grain combine harvester， the performance of the threshing device directly affects the quality of the machine. In order to solve the problem of low harvest quality caused by the large loss of grain combine harvester threshing device in China， the mechanical properties of grain， grain harvesting theory， parts of threshing device， structural parameters and motion parameters of threshing device， research on grain harvesting threshing technology， loss monitoring and control methods of threshing device were reviewed， aiming to improve the design of threshing device with higher performance. In the process of experimental research， the following steps needed to be carried out： detailed theoretical analysis and calculation of the existing device， including efficiency， power consumption etc and optimization of the design through calculation simulation. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of devices should be analyzed to select the appropriate combination of threshing devices and components according to the characteristics of crops， and design and conduct bench tests and small-scale field trials to verify the effectiveness of the improved design， combined with the internet of things， big data and artificial intelligence technology， develop intelligent threshing devices， real-time monitoring and automatic control， so as to achieve the goal of precision agriculture and bring higher benefits to agricultural production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Low Temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Performance， Antioxidant Enzyme System and Related Gene Expression in Maize Seedlings Taotao MAO, Xiaoqiang ZHAO, Xiaodong BAI, Bin YU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (5): 49-60.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0847 Abstract （442）   HTML （7）    PDF （3109KB）（403）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the response mechanism of maize seedlings to low temperature stress， the low-temperature sensitive GS2264 and the low-temperature tolerant LY2030 were used as materials， which were cultured at 10 （LT） and 22 ℃ （CK） for 7 d. And the changes of seedling growth and photosynthetic performances， reactive oxygen species， osmotic regulation， antioxidant enzymes activities， and the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes related genes in leaves were analyzed. The results showed that low temperature stress inhibited the growth and development of maize seedlings. Compared with CK treatment， the seedling length， root length， seedling fresh weight， root fresh weight， and root-shoot ratio of LT treatment significantly decreased by 7.06%， 19.60%， 18.75%， 24.32% and 7.79%， respectively， and the net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance， transpiration rate， rubisco activity， water use efficiency， Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo significantly decreased by 42.88%， 27.09%， 15.23%， 59.38%， 29.78%， 31.90% and 32.88%， respectively， however， intercellular CO2 concentration， O {}_{\mathrm{2}}^{?-} production rate and the contents of H2O2， proline， malondialdehyde significantly increased by 67.27% and 119.55%， 154.04%， 55.19%， the activities of SOD， POD， CAT， APX significantly increased by 46.66%， 96.53%， 158.44%， 4.34%， while GR activity showed a slight decreased of 3.34%. The correlation and principal component analyses showed that a complex and network relationship among traits of maize seedlings. Further analysis showed the relative expression levels of 8 antioxidant oxidase related genes were significantly up-regulated under LT treatment， which indicated they could be used as candidate genes for improving cold resistance in maize. Above results laid a foundation for systematically revealing the cold-resistant response mechanism of maize seedlings and the improvement of cold-resistant maize germplasm. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Comparative Characteristics of Codon Preference in Chloroplast Genome of Polygonum genus Qilin LIU, Jinze LI, Jiayu DING, Shuoli WANG, Ziming CHENG, Kangyuan GU, Guangyan FENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 87-98.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0090 Abstract （435）   HTML （4）    PDF （7643KB）（401）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the structure， function and evolutionary characteristics of chloroplast genome of Polygonum plants， the software of CodonW， SPSS and online programs Galaxy， Genepioneer Bioinformatics Cloud， mVISTA， GENE DENOVO and other tools were used to analyze the codon usage preferences and phylogenetic relationships of the chloroplast genomes of 28 Polygonum plants. The results showed that the codon adaptation index （CAI） and effective number of codon （ENC） in chloroplast genomes of 28 species of Polygonum plants were low， which indicated weak codon usage preference and being mainly influenced by natural selection. The third base of codon mainly ended in A/U， and 9 optimal codons of chloroplast genome all ended in A/U. The correlation analysis between the GC content at different positions of codon， ENC and GC3s， GC3， GC2 revealed that codon preference in chloroplast genome of Polygonum was weak and mainly influenced by the third base composition， while the length of the chloroplast gene sequence had less influence on base composition and codon preference. The phylogenetic tree based on the relative synonymous codon usage （RSCU） was consist with those besed on matk and rbcl gene sequences， 28 species of Polygonum plants were classified into 3 groups， but there were differences in each group， such as P. maackiana was same group with P. tinctoria in phylogenetic tree based on matk gene， while was same group with P. posumbu in phylogenetic tree based on rbcl gene. Above results provided a reference for the utilization， phylogeny， and chloroplast genetic engineering of Polygonum plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discovering of Candidate Genes for Wheat SDS-Sedimentation Value Using Association Study and Development of KASP Marker Haixia LIU, Yinhui ZHANG, Lei ZHUANG, Mengjiao GUO, Li ZHAO, Meijuan WU, Jian HOU, Tian LI, Hongxia LIU, Xueyong ZHANG, Chenyang HAO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 18-29.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0895 Abstract （398）   HTML （2）    PDF （3324KB）（392）       Knowledge map    Save SDS sedimentation value is an important indicator for wheat quality breeding. In this study， genome-wide association study （GWAS） on SDS-sedimentation value was performed in 145 wheat accessions. The results revealed that a cluster of significant signals was identified at the end of 3DL， and combined with the position of the peak SNP and the distance of LD decay， the candidate interval 587.514~589.514 Mb was further determined. Then， variation sites of candidate genes within this region were explored based on the resequencing data （ http：//wheat.cau.edu.cn/WheatUnion/ ）， and candidate gene association study （CGAS） was conducted in combination with SDS-sedimentation value. By integrating association results， gene annotation and gene expression analysis， TraesCS3D03G1092400 was identified as the SDS-sedimentation value-related candidate gene， and was tentatively named TaAGAP-3D. Additionally， a KASP marker Sv-3D-KASP for breeding was developed based on the polymorphic SNP of this gene， and found that TaAGAP-3D（C） was a favorable allele for SDS-sedimentation value. Altogether， these findings provide an effective molecular marker for the genetic improvement of SDS-sedimentation value in wheat， and also provide a reference for further cloning of quality genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Biocontrol Bacteria on Soil Properties and Bacterial Community Structure of Ginseng Continuous Cropping Ergang WANG, Pengyuan LYU, Yi ZHOU, Yu ZHAN, Guixiang HE, Lixiang WANG, Xinyue MIAO, Changbao CHEN, Qiong LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 140-148.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0907 Abstract （1490）   HTML （1）    PDF （4688KB）（389）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the effect of biocontrol bacterial on the microecology of ginseng continuous cropping soil， a biocontrol bacterial treatment experiment was conducted in the field. Chemical analysis and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the changes in soil physicochemical properties， soil enzyme activities， and bacterial community. The results showed that the application of biocontrol bacteria significantly decreased soil electric conductivity， and increased soil pH， the contents of organic matter， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and the activities of soil urease， soil sucrase， and soil acid phosphatase， with an increase of 9.00% in soil organic matter content and an increase of 19.42% in soil sucrase activity. Bacterial taxonomy analysis divided soil bacterial communities into 39 phyla， 124 classes， 279 orders， 424 families， and 774 genera. Biocontrol bacteria significantly increased the ACE index and Chao index of soil bacteria. Correlation analysis showed that pH， organic matter， available nitrogen， sucrase， urease were significantly positively correlated with Arthrobacter， and significantly negatively correlated with Bradyrhizobium and Microlunatus； available phosphorus content was significantly positively correlated with Candidatus_ Xiphinemabacter， RB41， and significantly negatively correlated with Candidatus_Udaeobacter， Arthrobacter； and there was significantly negative correlation between acid phosphatase and Mycobacterium. In summary， biocontrol bacteria stimulated the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in soil， increased the fertility and enzyme activity of the soil， and improved the soil nutritional status. Therefore， biocontrol bacteria should be expected to become an effective way to repair degraded soil. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Integrated Microbiome Agent on Tomato Plant Growth and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Diversity Jianglin LAN, Rongfeng XIAO, Jieping WANG, Haifeng ZHANG, Bo LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (5): 173-181.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0936 Abstract （200）   HTML （2）    PDF （2837KB）（384）       Knowledge map    Save To study the effect of integrated microbiome agent （IMA） on tomato plant growth， using greenhouse substrate cultivation method， 3 treatments were set including old substrate （TA）， old substrate+10% IMA and new substrate （TC）. The growth of tomato and rhizosphere bacterial community diversity under different treatments were determined. The results showed that， compared with TA treatment， TB treatment significantly promoted the growth of tomato plant， but had little effect on the nutritional status of old substrate. Therefore， IMA should be used in conjunction with other （biological） organic fertilizers to improve the microbial population structure and nutritional composition of the substrate. A total of 40 phyla， 121 classes， 291 orders， 438 families and 748 genera were detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology， and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phyla with relative abundance 35.24%-38.25%， Actinomycetes （13.20%~20.60%） followed. TB treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinomycetes， and decreased the abundance of Firmicutes， but had little effect on the diversity and richness of bacterial community in substrate. Actinomyces and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with total potassium， total nitrogen and organic matter contents， but negatively correlated with total phosphorus content and pH. Firmicutes， Chloromyces and Acidobacteria were positively correlated with the total phosphorus content and pH， and negatively correlated with the contents of total potassium， total nitrogen and organic matter. Among the substrate physical and chemical factors， the pH， total nitrogen， total phosphorus and total potassium contents had significant effects on the bacterial community， and total nitrogen was the most important environmental factor. Therefore， during the repeated use of tomato substrate， the application of IMA should be combined with the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer， which should beneficial to increase the nutrient contents of substrate and improve the substrate microbial community structure， so as to ensure the good development of tomato substrate ecosystem. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physiological Response of Tobacco Infected by Phytophthora to Trichoderma harzianum Inoculation Sequence Zhichao REN, Yaohui MU, Xuyang YAO, Shue LI, Yongfeng ZHANG, Tianbao REN, Guoshun LIU, Quanyu YIN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 155-164.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0544 Abstract （2508）   HTML （2）    PDF （1598KB）（382）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the physiological response of tobacco plant infected by Phytophthora to Trichoderma harzianum application sequence， the pot experiments were carried out with different treatments including inoculated with Phytophthora spore suspension （T1）， inoculated with T. harzianum spore suspension （T2）， inoculated with Phytophthora spore suspension first and then inoculated with T. harzianum spore suspension （T3）， inoculated with T.harzianum spore suspension first and then inoculated with Phytophthora spore suspension （T4）， inoculated with Phytophthora spore suspension and T. harzianum spore suspension at the same time （T5）， and clear water （CK） as controls. The effects of T. harzianum application sequence on biological characteristics， physiological characteristics and induced resistance of tobacco infected by Phytophthora were analyzed. The results showed that， in the growth of tobacco plants， the agronomic characters of tobacco plants with T4 treatment increased the most， and the dry and fresh weight of underground parts increased by 103.73% and 8.30% compared with CK. In the physiological characteristics of tobacco plants， T. harzianum could reduce the inhibition of Phytophthora on photosynthetic pigment accumulation and root activity of tobacco plants， and significantly increase both of them， and it could also strengthen the activities of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tobacco plants. After transplanting 21 d， the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase with T4 treatment increased by 13.14% and 6.40%， respectively. In the control effect， T4 treatment had the lowest incidence and disease index， which were 39.39% and 13.89%， and the highest antioxidant enzyme activity. In conclusion， there were significant differences in the physiological response of tobacco plants to the inoculation sequence of T. harzianum. In production， T. harzianum should be inoculated in advance to promote the growth and development of tobacco and inhibit the incidence of black shank disease. Above results laid a theoretical foundation for the regulation of tobacco growth and development and the comprehensive prevention and control of black shank. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Regulation Mechanism of Xylose Metabolism in Myceliophthora thermophila Meixin CHEN, Shuying GU, Jia LIU, Hao LIU, Jingen LI, Chaoguang TIAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 77-87.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0151 Abstract （217）   HTML （3）    PDF （2428KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve xylose utilization efficiency of fermentation strains， the regulation mechanism of xylose metabolism in filamentous fungi Myceliophthora thermophila was investigated using genetic methods and transcriptomic techniques. The results showed that the transcription factor XlnR could positively regulate xylose metabolism and transport， as well as hemicellulase gene expression in M. thermophila， and was required for conidia germination under xylose conditions. Under xylose condition， the conidia of mutant ΔxlnR lost the ability to germinate， and the xylose utilization efficiency of mycelia was significantly decreased， while the xylose utilization efficiency was increased by 14.2% due to xlnR overexpression. Transcriptomic analysis showed that knockout of xlnR resulted in lower transcription levels of the genes involved in xylanolytic enzymes， xylose transporter， and xylose catabolic pathway. The global regulatory factor Cre-1 was an inhibitor of xylose and glucose metabolism. Disruption of cre-1 could significantly improve the utilization efficiency of xylose and glucose in M. thermophila. Meanwhile， the Cre-1 could directly inhibit the expression of xlnR and itself. The overexpression of xlnR and knockout of cre-1 made the xylose metabolic utilization efficiency increased by 100%. Above results provided a good starting strain for the establishment of the cell chassis for the efficient utilization of biomass. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Insecticidal Activity Constituents and Mechanism of Artemisia annua Against Mythimna separate Chunyan LI, Qian LIANG, Chengxiang GAO, Zongsuo LIANG, Fang WANGA Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 129-137.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0589 Abstract （1348）   HTML （2）    PDF （1636KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the insecticidal activity components and preliminary mechanism of the petroleum ether extract from Artemisia annua against Mythimna separata， the insecticidal activity of different fractions and main components were measured by insect immersion method. The petroleum ether extract was separated by column chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine its chemical components， and the target enzyme and metabolic enzyme activities in the body of Mythimna separata were measured for the active components. The results showed that the petroleum ether extract of Artemisia annua was separated by silica gel column chromatography， and 27 fractions were obtained， of which fraction 8 showed the best contact toxicity. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry， the main compounds were tridecane， 4-quinolinecarboxaldehyde， caryophyllene oxide， linoleic acid ethyl ester， linolenic acid ethyl ester with contents of 7.9%， 72.8%， 3.6%， 2.4%， 3.1%，respectively. The lethal concentration of 50% （LC50） of above 5 compounds on the 7th day were 7.9， 2.5， 3.6， 5.4 and 1.5 mg·mL-1， respectively， which indicated that ethyl linolenic acid had significant contact toxicity against M. separata. On the 7th day of treatment with 1.5 mg·mL-1 linolenic acid ethyl ester， the scanning electron microscopy results showed that the wax layer structure in the surface of M. separata were loosely， the wax layer particles disappeared significantly， and the wax flower gap increased. And the acetylcholinesterase （AChE） and carboxylesterase （CarE） of M. separata treated with 1.5 mg·mL-1 linolenic acid ethyl ester showed first activation and then inhibition， Na+-K+-ATPase showed inhibition over time， and catalase （CAT） showed first inhibition and then activation. To sum up， the linolenic acid ethyl ester was the main active compound of A. annua， which provided reference for the development of new plant-based insecticides and biological control of M. separata and the development and utilization of A.annua resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress and Application of Lactococcus lactis Expression System Zhehan FENG, Deping HUA, Xuefeng MEI, Baiping ZHAO, Lei ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 25-34.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0244 Abstract （260）   HTML （3）    PDF （496KB）（352）       Knowledge map    Save Lactococcus lactis is an important model strain in application and research of lactic acid bacteria in heterologous expression of proteins. L. lactis is an ideal host for heterologous protein expression due to its generally recognized as safe （GRAS） status， probiotic properties， the absence of inclusion bodies and endotoxins， surface display， and extracellular secretion. In view of the properties of L. lactis stimulating mucosal immunity， it has been widely used in presenting viruses and bacterial antigens.The recent research of L. lactis expression system was reviewed， with emphasis on the secretion and anchoring strategies of alloprotein expression of L. lactis， and the application of L. lactis as a microbial cell factory in food， medicine， especially antigen presentation were summarized. Finally， an outlook on the future research direction of the L. lactis expression system were provided. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Situation， Problems and Countermeasures of Strontium Natural Drinking Mineral Water Industry in China Kunzhen WANG, Xin RU, Guohui SHEN, Yanting GU, Mingying REN, Juan HAN, Yanzhi GUO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 12-21.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0625 Abstract （596）   HTML （8）    PDF （515KB）（345）       Knowledge map    Save Since the reform and opening-up， China’s natural mineral water industry has experienced rapid development， with an increasing diverse range of products. In particular， mineral water enriched with specific nutritional elements has gained significant popularity among consumers. The intake of the trace element strontium has been shown to play effective roles in improving osteoporosis， preventing cardiovascular diseases， and promoting glucose and lipid metablism. However， the strontium intake of Chinese residents has not yet reached the recommended levels. Strontium-rich natural mineral water serves as an important source of strontium supplementation for the human body， indicating a significant market potential in the future. Considering the current state and development trends of China’s natural mineral water industry， the market supply potential of existing strontium-rich natural mineral water resources was analysed. It addressed the development bottlenecks faced by different categories of strontium-rich natural mineral water available in the market and offered suggestions regarding price， quality and labeling， which aimed to effectively foster the sustainable development of China’s strontium-rich natural mineral water industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Crop Diseases Identification Based on Convolutional Neural Network Zili CHEN, Wei LIN, Jia HE, Laigang WANG, Guoqing ZHENG, Yilong PENG, Jiadong JIAO, Yan GUO Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 99-109.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0785 Abstract （1307）   HTML （10）    PDF （1006KB）（319）       Knowledge map    Save Crop diseases are major threats for agricultural production， so timely and accurate identification of disease is important for the development of control measures to ensure food security. With the rapid development of deep learning， convolutional neural networks are used more and more to identify crop diseases. This paper compared the advantages and disadvantages of convolutional neural network disease recognition methods from 3 aspects including disease recognition based on different data sets， disease recognition using transfer learning and pre-training， and lightweight of the disease recognition model. It also analyzed the shortcomings of the current methods and put forward the future development trend. It was pointed out that more abundant data sets should be constructed， multi-modal data should be combined， models should be further optimized， and robots should be used to implement automatic detection. It provided important references for reducing food loss， realizing precision agriculture management， promoting agricultural modernization and sustainable development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Deep Learning and Computer Vision in Tobacco Leaf Production Zhuoran XING, Songshuang DING, Kai ZHANG, Ming MA, Wenlong GUO, Xudong LIU, Xiangdong SHI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 96-106.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0379 Abstract （216）   HTML （3）    PDF （592KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save Significant progress has been made in computer vision and deep learning technologies in various scenarios，such as object recognition and image classification，and showed extensive applicability and development potential in tobacco production in recent years. The current state of applications of computer vision and deep learning technologies in tobacco production were reviewed，with a particular focus on their methods and means to solve problems in tobacco disease recognition，tobacco harvesting and curing， and tobacco grading. By analyzing different algorithms and their application in key stages of tobacco production，and considering the challenges and development directions this technology faces in the field of tobacco production，theoretical support and references were provided for intelligent tobacco production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Composition and Structure of Extracellular Polysaccharides from Sphingomonas sp. and Their Promoting Effects on Barley Seedlings Xiaoqing HOU, Zihao JIANG, Yang FU, Zhongzhen SONG, Zhimin YU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 201-208.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0782 Abstract （390）   HTML （4）    PDF （2210KB）（294）       Knowledge map    Save Extracellular polysaccharides （EPS） produced by microorganisms， as an environmentally friendly green agent， have broad application prospects in promoting plant growth. The EPS produced by Sphingomonas sp. CX7 fermentation was used as the research object to analyze its primary structure， and explore its promoting and stress resistance effects on barley seedlings. The results showed that EPS produced by CX7 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose， mannose， rhamnose， fucose， ribose， glucuronic acid， galactose， galacturonic acid， arabinose and xylose， with a mass ratio of 5.68∶3.25∶1.99∶1.62∶1.00∶0.81∶0.27∶0.06∶0.02∶0.01. By spraying barley leaf， the optimal EPS dosage for barley growth was 2 g·L-1. At 2 g·L-1 EPS， the root length， plant height， fresh weight and dry weight of barley increased by 47.45%， 19.28%， 18.15% and 37.88%， respectively， the contents of chlorophyll， soluble sugar， soluble protein， proline and the activities of peroxidase， catalase increased by 52.47%， 25.55%， 27.36%， 94.44% and 82.81%， 97.91%， respectively. In summary， the EPS produced by Sphingomonas sp. could promote plant growth and enhance plant stress resistance， which provided a certain reference basis for green biological agents to replace traditional agricultural foliar fertilizers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Physiological Characteristics About ABA Alleviating Foxtail Millet Seedling Stage Under Drought Stress ling QIN, Yanke WANG, Erying CHEN, Yanbing YANG, Feifei LI, Mengyuan ZHANG, Yanan GUAN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (4): 36-44.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0876 Abstract （457）   HTML （5）    PDF （2515KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the effects of drought stress on physiological characteristics of foxtail millet at seedling stage and the alleviating effect of exogenous abscisic acid （ABA）， different drought tolerant foxtail millet varieties Jigu 22 and Lugu 1 were used as materials to conduct pot experiment. The effects of 20% PEG6000 simulated dehydration stress at seedling stage and spraying 0.1 mmol L-1 ABA on morphological character， activities of antioxidant enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）， contents of malondialdehyd （MDA）， proline （Pro）， soluble sugar （SS） and soluble protein （SP） in 2 different foxtail millet varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the relative seedling height of Jigu 22 after drought stress for 4 d was 81.49%，which was higher than that of Lugu 1. MDA content in leaves of the 2 varieties increased after drought stress. On the 7th day of stress， MDA content in Jigu 22 increased by 3.03%， and that in Lugu 1 increased by 33.61% compared with control. The MDA content was significantly reduced after application of exogenous ABA. Exogenous ABA promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）， peroxidase（POD）， catalase（CAT） and APX. Osmotic adjustment substances Pro， SS and SP were synthesized in large amounts to maintain osmoregulation and alleviate the damage of drought stress on foxtail millet seedlings. The effect of exogenous ABA on the drought-tolerant variety Jigu 22 was more obvious under drought stress. The effect of exogenous ABA on Lugu 1 was relatively weak， especially on the 7th day of drought stress， and the physiological and growth characteristics recovered slowly. In summary， ABA could effectively alleviate the damage of physiological function and the effect of drought stress on seedling growth of foxtail millet. Different drought resistance varieties foxtail millet had different sensitivity to ABA. The varieties with strong drought resistance were more sensitive to ABA， the mitigation effect of ABA on drought was more obvious. Above results provided theoretical bases for revealing the physiological mechanism of foxtail millet response to drought stress and the application of exogenous ABA. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Optimization of Processing Parameters Using Hermetia illucens Larva to Treat Food Waste by Response Surface Methodology Jingyi XI, Shuangqing WANG, Yitong BAI, Xiuli YAO, Bixuan HUANG, Qingyi LI, Liqing FAN, Shichen HUANG, Mingguo SUN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 241-249.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0283 Abstract （182）   HTML （1）    PDF （2062KB）（279）       Knowledge map    Save In order to use Hermetia illucens to efficiently treat food waste and improve the resource utilization rate， the response surface method（RSM） was used to optimize six parameters， including ambient temperature， moisture content of treated material， daily materials added， living space， initial larva age and permeability of materials， based on the Plackett-Burman（PB） test and the Box- Behnken（BB） test， with the larval yield of Hermetia illucens as the response value. The results of PB test showed that the significant factors in response to the larval yield were moisture content of treated meterial， ambient temperature， daily materials added， living space and initial larva age. The results of BB test showed that the optimal conditions for larval yield were ambient temperature 28 ℃， moisture content of treatment material 75%， daily materials added 26 g·1 000 larva-1， living space 1 443 cm3·1 000-1 larva， and initial larva age 6 days； under this condition， the maximum larval yield of 243.78 g could be obtained， with a relatively small error compared to the predicted value of 243.82 g by the model，which indicated that response surface methodology could accurately optimize process parameters. Above results provided theoretical basis for the production practice of kitchen waste treatment by Hermetia illucens. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Food Legumes of Regional Public Brands： Status， Problems and Development Suggestions Luan ZHANG, Guodong YIN, Yun ZHANG, Changyi JIANG, Jiliang MA, Huijie ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (5): 1-12.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0007 Abstract （327）   HTML （15）    PDF （1128KB）（273）       Knowledge map    Save Food legumes constitute a critical pillar of China’s food system， and regional public brands serve as a strategic lever to drive their industrial upgrading toward high-quality development. The current status of regional public brands for food legumes was analyzed in China across 4 dimensions： brands number， brands distribution， brands value and brands premium. The findings revealed that China had established 84 regional public brands of food legumes， but the average annual growth rate dropped to 1.2%. 1/3 of the planting provinces accountted for 3/4 of the brands， with 90% of the brands concentrated in mung beans， adzuki beans， broad beans， peas and kidney beans. In comparison to other agricultural products， the regional public brand value of food legumes ranked in the middle to lower range， with brand premium rates varying between 12.63% and 2 058.70%. The development of legume brands was hindered by the lack of top-level design， insufficient development efforts， underutilization of potential medicinal properties and an imperfect entry-exit mechanism. Based on these findings， several recommendations were proposed， including the development of innovative products， strengthening of strategic planning， categorization and cultivation of regional public brands and improvement of the brand entry-exit framework. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Grazing Intensity on Stability and Anti-erodibility of Soil Aggregates in Desert Steppe Tian TIAN, Zhenqi YANG, Jianying GUO, Zhenyu YAO, Tianqi ZHAO, Xinyu LIU, Ziwei WANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (5): 156-163.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0826 Abstract （186）   HTML （5）    PDF （1037KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of different grazing intensities on the stability of soil aggregates， the long-term grazing experimental platform （grazing prohibition， mild， moderate and heavy grazing intensity） of desert steppe established in Xilamuren， Damao Banner， Baotou City， Inner Mongolia was selected as the research object. The soil water stable aggregates in the soil layer from 0 to 40 cm under different grazing intensities were measured， and the composition， stability and anti-erodibility characteristics of aggregates under different grazing intensities were analyzed. The results showed that the grazing intensity had a great influence on the content of soil water-stable macroaggregates， and the contents of soil water-stable macroaggregates under different grazing intensities were 73.00%~89.93%. With the increase of grazing intensity， the content of aggregates increased firstly and then decreased. The mean weight diameter （MWD） and geometric mean diameter （GMD） of light and moderate grazing intensities were higher than those of grazing prohibition. The correlation analysis showed that the contents of soil water-stable macroaggregates， MWD and GMD were significantly negatively correlated with soil erodibility factor. In summary， moderate grazing could enhance the stability of soil aggregates， improve soil erosion resistance and maintain long-term sustainable development of grassland. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome-wide Identification and Tissue Expression Pattern Analysis of HSP70 Gene Family in Thinopyrum elongatum Jilin SUN, Jiaqi ZHANG, Fansen MENG, Silong SUN Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (6): 28-38.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0409 Abstract （225）   HTML （12）    PDF （3877KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save Heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） constitutes a highly conserved and potent protein family. However， the investigation of HSP70 in Thinopyrum elongatum has not been documented. To identify and study HSP70 gene family in Thinopyrum elongatum， TeHSP70 genes were identified based on the systematic application of bioinformatics methods and their expression patterns under salt stress and in different tissues were systematically analyzed. The results showed that a total of 29 TeHSP70 genes were identified in Thinopyrum elongatum， which was categorized into 3 subfamilies and evenly distributed across 7 chromosomes. There were 26 TeHSP70 genes localized in cytoplasm， and all 29 TeHSP70 genes included alpha-helix， extended strand， beta-turn and random coil. The TeHSP70s genes exhibited highly conserved motifs and diverse gene structures， and included multiple hormonal and stress-responsive cis-acting elements in upstream. The collinearity analysis revealed the presence of 3 collinear gene pairs， as well as tandem repeat and segment repeat events， within 29 TeHSP70 genes， and there were numerous homologous gene pairs among Thinopyrum elongatum， rice and wheat， whereas there was a scarcity of such pairs between Thinopyrum elongatum and Arabidopsis. Protein interaction network analysis revealed that there were 11 TeHSP70 genes with a complex and closely protein interaction network. Analysis of expression patterns showed that， with increasing of salt stress （0~300 mmol·L-1）， 7 TeHSP70 genes exhibited continuous up-regulation and 6 TeHSP70 genes showed continuous down-regulation， while the remaining 16 members either did not show any expression or displayed inconsistent changes. Similarly， 25 TeHSP70 genes were expressed across all tissues， and 4 TeHSP70 genes were only expressed in some tissues. Above results provided effective references for further analysis of HSP70 genes function of Thinopyrum elongatum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Fertilizer Discharge Performance of External Groove Wheel Fertilizer Applicator Based on Discrete Element Method Dafang YANG, Feixiang LI, Yuefeng GE, Yichen LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2024, 26 (12): 88-97.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0350 Abstract （187）   HTML （3）    PDF （1516KB）（256）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the fertilization discharge performance of variable fertilization of seeder， the fertilizer discharge performance of external groove wheel fertilizer applicator was studied based on discrete element method. Firstly， the discrete element material simulation parameters were determined through fertilizer calibration test. Then， based on the optimization module design experiment of Isight software， with the working length and rotational speed of the outer groove wheel as factors and the coefficient of variation of fertilizer uniformity as the response design experiment， the second-order regression equation of the coefficient of variation of fertilizer uniformity of the fertilizer discharger was obtained. Based on the obtained regression equation， the influence of the working length and rotational speed combination of the outer groove wheel on fertilization stability within a specific fertilizer amount range was analyzed. For fertilizer application rate of 300 kg·hm-2， the external groove wheel flow equation was used as a constraint to optimize the solution. The optimal combination of fertilizer discharge parameters for the external groove wheel fertilizer applicator was groove wheel working length of 60 mm and rotation speed of 30 r·min-1. The optimal fertilization parameter combination was used for fertilization simulation experiments， and the coefficient of variation of fertilization uniformity was 11.7%， which met the fertilization requirements. Above results provided a reference for parameter allocation in the operation of the 2BMJ series no-tillage precision seeder. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differences in Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Genotypes of Island Cotton and Their Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Songjiang DUAN, Haoran HU, Chengjie ZHANG, Wei SUN, Yifan WU, Rensong GUO, Jusong ZHANG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 61-71.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0185 Abstract （155）   HTML （0）    PDF （2512KB）（253）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the differences of leaf area and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics among different nitrogen efficiency island cotton cultivars under different nitrogen fertilizer levels， the high nitrogen-efficient variety Miancheng 10 （MC10） and low nitrogen-efficient variety Xinhai 14 （XH14） were as test materials， and 3 nitrogen application treatments were set up including 0 （N0）， 320 （N1） and 480 kg·hm-2 （N2）. The leaf area， photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics， yield and response characteristics to nitrogen fertilizer of different cultivars were studied. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the leaf area of single plant， net photosynthetic rate （Pn）， and stomatal conductance （Gs） of island cotton， and those of MC10 were higher than those of XH14， with the increase of 7.5%~22.4%， 14.5%~38.0%， and 32.4%~111.1%， respectively. The relative variable fluorescence curves （ΔVt） of 2 varieties fluctuated greatly at K point， and N2 and N0 treatment were significantly higher than N1， XH14 was lower than MC10 under N0 treatment， and XH14 was higher than MC10 under N1 and N2 treatment. The proportion of variable fluorescence FK to FJ-FO amplitude （WK）， the relative variable fluorescence intensity （VJ） at J point and the initial slope （Mo） of OJIP fluorescence induction curve were all shown as N2>N0>N1， the decrease range of N0 and N2 treatment compared with N1 treatment was MC10>XH14. While the maximum photochemical efficiency （φPo） in photosystem Ⅱ （PSⅡ）， the ability to transfer electrons to downstream electron transport chains （ψo ） and the quantum yield （φEo） used for electron transport showed opposite trend. The maximum photosynthetic quantum efficiency （Fv/Fm）， potential photochemical activity （Fv/Fo）， the performance index based on absorbing light energy （PIABS） and the potential performance index （PItotal） of energy reduction from photons absorbed by PSⅡ to PSⅠ terminal acceptors showed a trend of increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen application rate， MC10 was higher than XH14. And both varieties had the lowest values of Fv/Fm， Fv/Fo， PIABS and PItotal under N2 conditions， of which the decrease range of XH14 was the most. Nitrogen application could significantly increase the number of bolls， boll weight and yield per plant of island cotton. Compared with XH14， the yield per plant of MC10 increased by 16.9%~33.8%， 3.3%~7.7%， 19.4%~41.7% respectively. In conclusion， no nitrogen and high nitrogen treatment caused PSⅡ damage of island cotton leaves to varying degrees， reduced photosynthetic performance， and there was the difference among varieties. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the selection and cultivation of high-efficiency nitrogen varieties in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation Analysis Between Yield and Agronomical Traits of Different Foxtail Millet Varieties in Semi-arid Area of Western Jilin Province Tingting LIU, Xiyu HAO, Hui WANG, Jingwen LENG, Shihang GONG, Wei LIU Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (1): 50-60.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0184 Abstract （200）   HTML （4）    PDF （495KB）（241）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effects of different agronomic traits on yield， and screen suitable varieties of foxtail millet for planting in western Jilin， 23 agronomic traits and yield of 20 millet varieties were tracked and measured on important growth stages. Variation analysis， partial correlation analysis， correlation analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of single grain weight was the largest （15.3%）， while the coefficient of variation of growth period was the smallest （5.9%）. The number of stems during heading stage， number of stems during maturity stage， number of leaves during tillering stage， number of leaves during heading stage， length of the second last leaf during maturity stage， spike thickness， single panicle weight， single grain weight， and 1 000-grain weight jointly accounted for 98.6% of the variation in yield. The partial correlation analysis showed that the yield was significantly correlated with the number of stems during heading stage， number of leaves during heading stage， spike thickness， and single grain weight， with partial correlation coefficients of -0.687， 0.642， 0.647 and 0.573， respectively. The correlation analysis showed that spike length， single panicle weight， and single grain weight were significantly positively correlated with the yield， with correlation coefficients of 0.601， 0.958 and 0.962， respectively； the spike thickness was positively correlated with the yield， with correlation coefficient of 0.559. The path analysis showed that the number of stems during maturity stage， number of leaves during heading stage， length of the second last leaf during maturity stage， spike thickness， single grain weight， and 1 000-grain weight had direct positive effects on yield. In conclusion， Jigu 168， Zhonggu 9 and Nenxuan 18 were mid-maturing and high-yield cultivars suitable for planting in semi-arid areas of western Jilin. Single grain weight and single panicle weight should be the main selection criteria， with the number of stems during heading stage， number of leaves during heading stage and spike thickness as supporting criteria for field screening and cultivar selection. Above results provided a basis for breeding new foxtail millet varieties and screening high-yield strains in semi-arid areas of western Jilin. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Cadmium Enrichment of Setaria viridis Under Cadmium Stress Xin ZHAO, Zilong WU, Chao HAN, Hao ZHANG, Wei SONG, Ziyi LI Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (5): 193-202.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0960 Abstract （167）   HTML （2）    PDF （1011KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal（AM） fungi on plant growth under heavy metal stress， the effects of AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae on the growth， photosynthetic characteristics， Cd absorption and enrichment of Setaria viridis at different levels（0， 10， 30， 50 mg·kg-1）of Cd were studied. The results showed that under the same level of Cd stress， AM fungi significantly increased the plant height， chlorophyll content， net photosynthetic rate， transpiration rate， stomatal conductance， apparent quantum efficiency and biomass of S. viridis. When the level of Cd was 50 mg·kg-1， the plant height， chlorophyll content， net photosynthetic rate， transpiration rate， stomatal conductance， apparent quantum efficiency and biomass of S. viridis inoculated with AM were significantiy increased by 51%， 24%， 33%， 33%， 26%， 45% and 51%， respectively， compared with those treated without AM （P<0.05）. Under the same level of Cd stress， AM fungi significantly increased Cd contents in roots， aboveground enrichment， root enrichment and Cd enrichment coefficient of S. viridis. The level of Cd was 50 mg·kg-1， compared with the control without inoculation， the Cd contents in roots， aboveground enrichment and root enrichment of S. viridis inoculated with AM increased by 39%， 18% and 100%， respectively， which significantly promoted the absorption and enrichment of Cd by S. viridis. Above results could provide reference for the combined repair of Cd contaminated soil by AM fungi and S. viridis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Application of Federated Learning in Smart Agriculture Systems Minrui TANG, Liang HE, Shenghao GU, Wanxia YANG, Ruijun YUE, Yi TAN, Lei WANG, Tengfei FENG Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology    2025, 27 (6): 1-15.   DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0002 Abstract （335）   HTML （19）    PDF （2587KB）（217）       Knowledge map    Save As information technology advances， the collection， processing， analysis and application of agricultural data have become the primary driving force of smart agriculture. In traditional smart agricultural management systems， it is usually required to centralize agricultural data on a central server for analysis and model training， which often poses the risk of data leakage. The leakage of key agricultural privacy data seriously affects the interests of farmers and agricultural institutions， so many the farmers and institutions will carefully handle the issue of sharing original data. To address this issue， federated learning allows different agricultural institutions， farms and agricultural enterprises to complete the training of farming decision models under the condition of only sharing encrypted models， reducing the risk of agricultural privacy data leakage and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of data providers. The theoretical development， technological innovation and practical application of federated learning technology in the field of smart agriculture were introduced. Based on the development trend of smart agriculture systems， it proposed design suggestions for a smart agriculture system based on federated learning. This paper provided references for researchers and practitioners in related fields， offering theoretical value and practical guidance for advancing agricultural data science， ensuring agricultural data security and enhancing the level of agricultural intelligence. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics