Screening and Functional Gene Detection of High-quality and Drought-resistant Wheat Germplasms

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0200

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to efficiently carry out the screening of excellent wheat germplasms， a total of 163 wheat germplasms were used as materials to analyze their high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition （HMW-GS）， drought resistance during germination and seedling stages，and high-quality drought resistant germplasms were slected. Known functional genes/loci of high-quality drought resistant germplasm resources were detected. The results showed that among the tested materials， 11 and 1 germplasms were identified to contain the combination 1/7+8/5+10 and N/14+15/2+12 of high-quality noodle， and 5 and 53 were identified to contain the combination 1/7+9/5+10 and N/7+8/2+12 of high-quality steamed bun subunits， respectively. After combining the comprehensive evaluation resuits of drought resistance during the germination and seedling stages， a total of 14 wheat germplasms with strong drought resistance were identified. In addition， based on the HMW-GS identification results of these 14 drought-resistant germplasms， 9 high-quality drought resistant germplasms were ultimately selected， namely Zhong 41-42， Longyu 5， Longmai 079， Lantian 31， 92-47， Mianmai 367， Xikemai 531， Tongmai 3 and Linhan 5322. After testing， these 9 high-quality drought resistant materials contained genes/loci that increase grain weight and resistance to Fusarium head blight， stripe rust and leaf rust. 6 germplasms contained gene Ppo2-D1 that enhanced polyphenol oxidase activity. 6 germplasms contained the semi-dwarf gene RHT-8， and only Longmai 079 contained drought resistant gene TaSINA-2. The above results provide excellent germplasms and necessary theoretical support for wheat breeding.

Key words: wheat, HMW-GS, drought stress, functional genes/loci, quality

摘要：

为有效筛选优异抗旱小麦种质，以163份小麦种质资源为材料，对其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成、萌发期和苗期的抗旱性进行分析，筛选优质抗旱种质资源，并对优质抗旱种质资源的已知功能基因/位点进行检测。结果表明，供试材料中鉴定出包含优质面条亚基组合1/7+8/5+10和N/14+15/2+12的材料分别有11和1份，包含优质馒头亚基组合1/7+9/5+10和N/7+8/2+12的材料分别有5和53份。将萌发期和苗期抗旱性综合评价结果联合后，发现有14份抗旱性强的小麦种质。此外，结合14份抗旱种质的HMW-GS鉴定结果最终筛选出9份优质抗旱种质资源，分别为中41-42、陇育5号、陇麦079、兰天31号、92-47、绵麦367、西科麦531号、铜麦3号和临旱5322。经检测，9份优质抗旱材料均含有提高粒重基因以及抗赤霉病、条锈病和叶锈病的基因/位点，6份材料含有提高多酚氧化酶活性的基因Ppo2-D1，6份材料含有半矮化基因RHT-8，仅陇麦079含有抗旱基因TaSINA-2。以上结果为小麦育种提供了优异种质资源与必要的理论支撑。

关键词: 小麦, HMW-GS, 干旱胁迫, 功能基因/位点, 优质

CLC Number:

S512

Zhenyu XUE, Kangkang ZHANG, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Qiangqiang YAN, Lirong YAO, Hong ZHANG, Yaxiong MENG, Erjing SI, Baochun LI, Xiaole MA, Huajun WANG, Juncheng WANG. Screening and Functional Gene Detection of High-quality and Drought-resistant Wheat Germplasms[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(1): 35-49.

薛振宇, 张康康, 张元元, 闫强强, 姚立蓉, 张宏, 孟亚雄, 司二静, 李葆春, 马小乐, 王化俊, 汪军成. 优质抗旱小麦种质的筛选及功能基因检测[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 35-49.

Figures/Tables 14

References 31

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位点 Locus	亚基 Subunit	种质数 Variety number	频率 Frequency/%
Glu-A1	1	68	41.72
Glu-A1	N	95	58.28
Glu-B1	7+8	110	67.48
	7+9	49	30.06
	13+16	1	0.61
	17+18	2	1.23
	14+15	1	0.61
Glu-D1	5+10	37	22.70
	2+12	119	73.01
	2+10	7	4.29

位点 Locus	亚基 Subunit	种质数 Variety number	频率 Frequency/%
Glu-A1	1	68	41.72
Glu-A1	N	95	58.28
Glu-B1	7+8	110	67.48
	7+9	49	30.06
	13+16	1	0.61
	17+18	2	1.23
	14+15	1	0.61
Glu-D1	5+10	37	22.70
	2+12	119	73.01
	2+10	7	4.29

指标 Index	对照CK					干旱Drought
指标 Index	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数CV/%	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数CV/%
发芽势 GP/%	96.667	43.333	78.067	3.403	14.532	85.000	23.333	51.453	3.946	25.567
发芽率 GR/%	100.000	50.000	84.530	2.955	11.653	91.667	31.667	60.717	4.023	22.084
苗长 SL/cm	19.900	8.650	14.467	2.308	15.952	15.650	6.350	9.867	2.066	20.938
主根长 RL/cm	14.950	0.735	9.708	2.532	26.082	10.900	2.450	6.035	2.074	34.367
苗鲜重 SFW/g	0.127	0.046	0.088	0.016	17.810	0.095	0.029	0.051	0.012	23.408
根鲜重 SDW/g	0.100	0.021	0.062	0.017	26.920	0.078	0.020	0.039	0.011	29.236
苗干重 SDW/g	0.050	0.007	0.012	0.004	31.380	0.015	0.005	0.009	0.002	20.799
根干重 RDW/g	0.012	0.003	0.008	0.001	18.240	0.012	0.003	0.007	0.002	25.855
株高 PH/cm	48.900	24.066	38.046	4.987	13.108	8.400	9.300	30.161	30.161	11.733
主根长 TL/cm	36.900	12.750	18.754	4.005	21.356	21.750	7.550	12.297	12.297	19.704
总根长 TRL/cm	575.714	73.997	309.895	9.409	32.078	211.424	23.383	89.220	29.338	32.882
根表面积 RSA /cm²	53.907	6.256	29.131	9.575	32.869	26.058	3.107	12.982	12.982	32.777
根体积 RV/cm³	0.440	0.039	0.220	0.080	36.311	0.359	0.034	0.153	0.153	37.091
根冠比 RCR	0.564	0.048	0.217	0.053	24.555	0.591	0.163	0.279	0.279	20.635
苗失水率 SWLR	0.991	0.469	0.892	0.050	5.579	0.933	0.637	0.843	0.843	4.145
根失水率 RWLR	0.980	0.740	0.931	0.026	2.789	0.997	0.805	0.897	0.897	2.661

指标 Index	对照CK					干旱Drought
指标 Index	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数CV/%	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数CV/%
发芽势 GP/%	96.667	43.333	78.067	3.403	14.532	85.000	23.333	51.453	3.946	25.567
发芽率 GR/%	100.000	50.000	84.530	2.955	11.653	91.667	31.667	60.717	4.023	22.084
苗长 SL/cm	19.900	8.650	14.467	2.308	15.952	15.650	6.350	9.867	2.066	20.938
主根长 RL/cm	14.950	0.735	9.708	2.532	26.082	10.900	2.450	6.035	2.074	34.367
苗鲜重 SFW/g	0.127	0.046	0.088	0.016	17.810	0.095	0.029	0.051	0.012	23.408
根鲜重 SDW/g	0.100	0.021	0.062	0.017	26.920	0.078	0.020	0.039	0.011	29.236
苗干重 SDW/g	0.050	0.007	0.012	0.004	31.380	0.015	0.005	0.009	0.002	20.799
根干重 RDW/g	0.012	0.003	0.008	0.001	18.240	0.012	0.003	0.007	0.002	25.855
株高 PH/cm	48.900	24.066	38.046	4.987	13.108	8.400	9.300	30.161	30.161	11.733
主根长 TL/cm	36.900	12.750	18.754	4.005	21.356	21.750	7.550	12.297	12.297	19.704
总根长 TRL/cm	575.714	73.997	309.895	9.409	32.078	211.424	23.383	89.220	29.338	32.882
根表面积 RSA /cm²	53.907	6.256	29.131	9.575	32.869	26.058	3.107	12.982	12.982	32.777
根体积 RV/cm³	0.440	0.039	0.220	0.080	36.311	0.359	0.034	0.153	0.153	37.091
根冠比 RCR	0.564	0.048	0.217	0.053	24.555	0.591	0.163	0.279	0.279	20.635
苗失水率 SWLR	0.991	0.469	0.892	0.050	5.579	0.933	0.637	0.843	0.843	4.145
根失水率 RWLR	0.980	0.740	0.931	0.026	2.789	0.997	0.805	0.897	0.897	2.661

生育时期 Growth stage	指标 Index	主成分 Principal component
生育时期 Growth stage	指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
萌发期 Germination stage	发芽势 GP	0.172	0.092	0.453	0.014
	发芽率 GR	0.156	0.059	0.360	0.127
	苗长 SL	0.143	0.064	-0.281	0.236
	主根长 RL	0.780	-0.606	-0.079	-0.027
	苗鲜重 SFW	0.158	0.227	-0.410	0.697
	根鲜重 RFW	0.333	0.458	-0.353	0.121
	苗干重 SDW	0.122	0.273	-0.288	0.595
	根干重 RDW	0.409	0.530	0.352	-0.247
	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	47.100	22.100	13.300	6.900
	累积贡献 Cumulative contribution rate/%	47.100	69.200	82.500	89.400
苗期 Seedling stage	苗长 PH	0.082	0.043	0.330
	主根长RL	0.489	-0.021	0.076
	总根长 TRL	0.298	0.029	0.183
	根表面积 RSA	0.490	0.029	0.109
	根体积 RV	0.809	0.018	-0.262
	根冠比 RSDW	0.040	0.893	-0.010
	苗失水率 SWLR	-0.008	-0.100	0.493
	根失水率 RELR	-0.002	0.011	-0.002
	贡献率 Contribution rate %	59.800	31.900	3.700
	累积贡献 Cumulative contribution rate %	59.800	91.700	95.400