Effect of Aquapnics Cultrue Mode on Growth of Micropterus salmoides and Water Quality

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0203

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11): 43-55.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0203

• Special Forum for Green Aquaculture • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effect of Aquapnics Cultrue Mode on Growth of Micropterus salmoides and Water Quality

Lan WAGN¹(), Dongjie SHI²(), Jianya ZHU², Jinjing ZHANG², Yue ZHANG³(), Jie HUANG²(), Jiguo XIE³, Shang WU²

^1.Beijing Fangshan District Agriculture Environment and Production Monitoring Office，Beijing 101100，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture （North China），Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，National Engineering Research Center for Freshwaters （Beijing），Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Beijing 100068，China
^3.Beijing Daxing District Livestock and Aquaculture Technology Promotion Station，Beijing 102699，China

Received:2025-03-20 Accepted:2025-08-01 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-11-17
Contact: Yue ZHANG,Jie HUANG

鱼菜共生系统中种养密度和投喂频率对大口黑鲈生长及水质的影响

王岚¹(), 史东杰²(), 朱建亚², 张晋京², 张悦³(), 黄杰²(), 谢吉国³, 吴尚²

^1.北京市房山区农业环境和生产监测站，北京 101100
^2.北京市农林科学院，农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室，国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心（北京），北京 100068
^3.北京市大兴区畜牧水产技术推广站，北京 102699

通讯作者: 张悦,黄杰
作者简介:王岚 E-mail：735677065@qq.com
史东杰E-mail：sdj19850104@163.com第一联系人：王岚和史东杰为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心（北京）专项经费项目(PT2025-19);北京市农业农村局农产品质量安全项目(11000024T000002865825);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230814);北京市科学技术委员会科技助力乡村振兴项目(BJKWXUNZX24);北京市大兴区渔耕一体模式系统升级改造项目(11011524T000002695941)

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the impact of different planting densities， stocking densities and feeding frequencies on performance of Micropterus salmoides and water quality in fish-vegetable symbiosis，the plant densities were set at 32 （a₁），46 （a₂），60 plants·m^-2（a₃）， the stocking densities were set at 8 （b₁），13 （b₂），18 kg·m^-3 （b₃）， the feeding frequency were set at 1 （c₁），2（c₂），3 times·d^-1 （c₃），respectively. The optimal combination of stocking density and feeding frequency were screened through the combined treatment of 3 factors and 3 levels. The results showed that planting density had significant effect on weight gain， weight gain rate， specific growth rate and feed coefficient； feeding frequency had significant effect on weight gain， feeding frequency had significant effect on the crude protein and crude fat content in muscle. The contents of ammonia nitrogen， nitrite nitrogen， total nitrogen and total phosphorus in each treatment group increased significantly over time， peaking on the 7^th day. The ammonia nitrogen， nitrite nitrogen and total nitrogen were stable after 37 d， while the total phosphorus stabilized after 25 d. The water quality indexes of a₂b₁c₂ and a₂b₂c₃ treatments were better than those of the other treatments. In this aquaponics system， the lettuce planting density of 6 plants·m^-2， the largemouth bass stocking density of 13 kg·m^-3 and the feeding frequency of 3 times·d^-1 could yield the optimal performance in terms of growth and muscle quality of largemouth bass， and water quality regulation effect. Above results provided a theoretical reference for the planting and stocking in aquaponics system.

Key words: fish vegetable symbiosis, planting density, feeding frequency, growth, muscle, water quality

摘要：

为研究不同种植密度、养殖密度和投喂频率对鱼菜共生系统中大口黑鲈生长、肌肉营养成分及水质的影响，设置生菜种植密度分别为32（a₁）、46（a₂）、60株·m^-2（a₃），大口黑鲈养殖密度分别为8（b₁）、13（b₂）、18kg·m^-3（b₃），投喂频率为1（c₁）、2（c₂）、3次·d^-1（c₃），通过3因素3水平的组合处理筛选种养密度及投喂频率的最优组合。结果表明，种植密度对增重量、增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数均影响显著；投喂频率对增重量影响显著；投喂频率对肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量影响显著。各处理的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、总氮和总磷含量均显著升高，第7天时达到高峰；氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、总氮在第37天以后呈稳定状态，总磷在第25天以后呈稳定状态，a₂b₁c₂和a₂b₂c₃处理的水质指标较优。在此鱼菜共生系统中，生菜的种植密度为46株·m^-2、大口黑鲈养殖密度为13 kg·m^-3、投喂频率为3 次·d^-1时，大口黑鲈生长和肌肉品质较好，且具有较好的水质调控作用。研究结果为鱼菜共生系统的种养管理提供理论参考。

关键词: 鱼菜共生, 种养密度, 投喂频率, 生长, 肌肉, 水质

CLC Number:

S964

Lan WAGN, Dongjie SHI, Jianya ZHU, Jinjing ZHANG, Yue ZHANG, Jie HUANG, Jiguo XIE, Shang WU. Effect of Aquapnics Cultrue Mode on Growth of Micropterus salmoides and Water Quality[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 43-55.

王岚, 史东杰, 朱建亚, 张晋京, 张悦, 黄杰, 谢吉国, 吴尚. 鱼菜共生系统中种养密度和投喂频率对大口黑鲈生长及水质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 43-55.

Figures/Tables 12

References 31

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组别 Group	处理组合 Treatment combination	a：种植密度 Planting density/（kg·m^-3）	b：养殖密度 Breeding density/（kg·m^-3）	c：投喂频率/（次·d^-1） Feeding frequency/（times·d^-1）
M1	a₁b₁c₁	32	8	1
M2	a₁b₂c₂	32	13	2
M3	a₁b₃c₃	32	18	3
M4	a₂b₁c₂	46	8	2
M5	a₂b₂c₃	46	13	3
M6	a₂b₃c₁	46	18	1
M7	a₃b₁c₃	60	8	3
M8	a₃b₂c₁	60	13	1
M9	a₃b₃c₂	60	18	2

组别 Group	处理组合 Treatment combination	a：种植密度 Planting density/（kg·m^-3）	b：养殖密度 Breeding density/（kg·m^-3）	c：投喂频率/（次·d^-1） Feeding frequency/（times·d^-1）
M1	a₁b₁c₁	32	8	1
M2	a₁b₂c₂	32	13	2
M3	a₁b₃c₃	32	18	3
M4	a₂b₁c₂	46	8	2
M5	a₂b₂c₃	46	13	3
M6	a₂b₃c₁	46	18	1
M7	a₃b₁c₃	60	8	3
M8	a₃b₂c₁	60	13	1
M9	a₃b₃c₂	60	18	2

组别 Group	初始体质量 Initial weight/g	终末体质量 Terminal weight/g	增重量 Increase weight/g	增重率Weight gain rate/%	特定生长率Specific growth rate/（%·d^-1）	饲料系数Feed conversion ratio	成活率Survival rate/%
M1	313.46±12.35 a	554.66±25.47 cd	241.20±22.14 cd	76.95±11.23 cd	1.43±0.03 cd	1.56±0.09b	98 a
M2	317.14±15.66 a	525.13±36.12 d	207.99±12.83 d	65.58±8.17 d	1.25±0.18 e	1.83±0.04 a	98 a
M3	315.73±15.12 a	534.62±38.27 d	218.89±19.28 d	69.33± 7.28 d	1.33±0.04 de	1.73±0.13 a	100 a
M4	315.47±12.02 a	632.23±32.45 b	316.76±15.38 b	100.41±9.26 b	1.75±0.15 b	1.20±0.08 cd	99 a
M5	318.11±13.47 a	655.59±31.22 a	337.48±27.13 a	106.09±16.28 a	1.83±0.09 a	1.13±0.07 cd	100 a
M6	319.06±12.88 a	592.44±25.31 bc	273.38±23.17 bc	85.68±10.05 bc	1.53±0.02 bc	1.40±0.13 bc	100 a
M7	313.23±15.46 a	558.18±24.19 cd	244.95±18.92 cd	78.20±12.82 cd	1.43±0.03 cd	1.53±0.07 b	98 a
M8	316.53±13.80 a	639.12±31.25 b	322.59±16.18 b	101.91±10.05 b	1.75±0.05 b	1.18±0.12 cd	100 a
M9	315.44±12.44 a	596.76±26.11 bc	281.32±21.15 bc	89.18±8.19 bc	1.60±0.04 bc	1.35±0.17 bc	100 a

组别 Group	初始体质量 Initial weight/g	终末体质量 Terminal weight/g	增重量 Increase weight/g	增重率Weight gain rate/%	特定生长率Specific growth rate/（%·d^-1）	饲料系数Feed conversion ratio	成活率Survival rate/%
M1	313.46±12.35 a	554.66±25.47 cd	241.20±22.14 cd	76.95±11.23 cd	1.43±0.03 cd	1.56±0.09b	98 a
M2	317.14±15.66 a	525.13±36.12 d	207.99±12.83 d	65.58±8.17 d	1.25±0.18 e	1.83±0.04 a	98 a
M3	315.73±15.12 a	534.62±38.27 d	218.89±19.28 d	69.33± 7.28 d	1.33±0.04 de	1.73±0.13 a	100 a
M4	315.47±12.02 a	632.23±32.45 b	316.76±15.38 b	100.41±9.26 b	1.75±0.15 b	1.20±0.08 cd	99 a
M5	318.11±13.47 a	655.59±31.22 a	337.48±27.13 a	106.09±16.28 a	1.83±0.09 a	1.13±0.07 cd	100 a
M6	319.06±12.88 a	592.44±25.31 bc	273.38±23.17 bc	85.68±10.05 bc	1.53±0.02 bc	1.40±0.13 bc	100 a
M7	313.23±15.46 a	558.18±24.19 cd	244.95±18.92 cd	78.20±12.82 cd	1.43±0.03 cd	1.53±0.07 b	98 a
M8	316.53±13.80 a	639.12±31.25 b	322.59±16.18 b	101.91±10.05 b	1.75±0.05 b	1.18±0.12 cd	100 a
M9	315.44±12.44 a	596.76±26.11 bc	281.32±21.15 bc	89.18±8.19 bc	1.60±0.04 bc	1.35±0.17 bc	100 a

指标Index	项目Item	因素Factor
指标Index	项目Item	a：种植密度 Planting density	b：养殖密度 Breeding density	c：投喂频率 Feeding frequency
增重量 Increase weight/g	K₁	222.693	267.637	267.107
	K₂	309.207	289.353	268.690
	K₃	298.953	257.863	279.057
	最佳水平Optimal level	a₂	b₂	c₃
	R	86.514	31.490	11.950
	水平数量 Horizontal quantity	3	3	3
	每水平重复数 Number of repetitions per level	3.0	3.0	3.0
	P值 P value	0.035	0.567	0.042
增重率 Weight gain rate/%	K₁	70.620	85.186	84.540
	K₂	97.394	91.196	85.058
	K₃	89.766	81.398	88.182
	最佳水平Optimal level	a₂	b₂	c₃
	R	26.774	9.798	3.642
	水平数量 Horizontal quantity	3	3	3
	每水平重复数 Number of repetitions per level	3.0	3.0	3.0
	P值 P value	0.033	0.055	0.641
特定生长率 Specific growth rate/（%·d^-1）	K₁	1.333	1.533	1.525
	K₂	1.700	1.608	1.533
	K₃	1.592	1.483	1.567
	最佳水平Optimal level	a₂	b₂	c₃
	R	0.367	0.125	0.042
	水平数量 Horizontal quantity	3	3	3
	每水平重复数 Number of repetitions per level	3.0	3.0	3.0
	P值 P value	0.003	0.184	0.723

Effect of Aquapnics Cultrue Mode on Growth of Micropterus salmoides and Water Quality

鱼菜共生系统中种养密度和投喂频率对大口黑鲈生长及水质的影响

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Figures/Tables 12

References 31

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组别 Group	水分 Moisture	灰分 Ash	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Crude fat
M1	71.89±11.22 a	1.35±0.03 bc	16.28±5.89 bc	1.73±0.11 b
M2	71.67±10.69 a	1.48±0.05 b	18.05±3.32 a	1.73±0.32 b
M3	70.35±11.98 a	1.45±0.09 b	18.71±2.80 a	2.27±0.36 a
M4	72.55±9.88 a	1.23±0.04 cd	17.08±6.29 b	1.85±0.22 b
M5	71.22±14.27 a	1.24±0.08 cd	18.67±3.43 a	2.35±0.31 a
M6	72.68±12.11 a	0.83±0.05 d	16.73±5.26 bc	1.58±0.88 bc
M7	70.39±13.38 a	1.37±0.05 bc	18.32±1.45 a	2.41±0.27 a
M8	71.72±10.82 a	1.53±0.04 a	16.54±3.37 bc	1.65±0.55 bc
M9	71.30±11.59 a	1.32±0.06 bc	18.45±3.39 a	1.70±0.46 b

组别 Group	水温 Water temperature/℃	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen/（mg·L^-1）	pH	电导率 EC/（mS·cm^-1）
M1	25	7.32	7.13	1.24
M2	26	7.51	7.25	1.24
M3	26	7.45	7.46	1.23
M4	25	7.24	7.32	1.23
M5	25	7.29	7.35	1.24
M6	26	7.23	7.41	1.23
M7	25	7.22	7.38	1.24
M8	26	7.28	7.29	1.23
M9	25	7.31	7.23	1.22

组别 Group	采样时间 Sampling time/d
组别 Group	1	7	13	19	25	31	37	43	49	55	60
M1	0.192±0.022 b	3.597±0.154 b	1.556±0.103 bc	1.817±0.168 b	2.497±0.334 bc	1.822±0.177 a	0.856±0.033 a	0.637±0.087 b	0.635±0.081 b	0.656±0.087 b	0.641±0.133 bc
M2	0.207±0.055 a	4.145±0.764 a	1.741±0.085 a	1.820±0.064 b	2.746±0.096 a	1.637±0.211 bc	0.829±0.150 a	0.736±0.055 a	0.757±0.020 a	0.849±0.047 a	0.872±0.091 b
M3	0.255±0.012 a	3.834±0.349 b	1.625±0.172 b	1.624±0.199 cd	2.717±0.165 a	1.737±0.072 b	0.855±0.390 a	0.775±0.181 a	0.641±0.138 b	0.831±0.047 a	0.921±0.034 a
M4	0.248±0.032 a	3.725±0.336 b	1.655±0.172 b	1.747±0.073 bc	2.432±0.461 bc	1.595±0.167 cd	0.588±0.049 bc	0.491±0.036 cd	0.483±0.038 cd	0.487±0.03607 cd	0.431± 0.011 d
M5	0.253±0.022 a	3.533±0.083 b	1.623±0.184 b	1.859±0.054 b	2.475±0.062 bc	1.561±0.075 cd	0.648±0.085 b	0.482±0.011 cd	0.458±0.086 cd	0.472±0.048 cd	0.424±0.025 d
M6	0.187±0.012 b	3.654±0.193 b	1.627±0.114 b	1.834±0.037 b	2.242±0.091 d	1.586±0.108 cd	0.601±0.127 b	0.503±0.126 bc	0.516±0.144 bc	0.526±0.178 bc	0.473±0.011 d
M7	0.221±0.022 a	3.726±0.098 b	1.684±0.093 b	1.827±0.081 b	2.486±0.174 bc	1.637±0.049 bc	0.652±0.070 b	0.531±0.095 bc	0.542±0.070 bc	0.532±0.071 bc	0.523±0.08 cd
M8	0.215±0.033 a	3.853±0.289 b	1.711±0.115 a	1.913±0.047 a	2.513±0.327 b	1.623±0.156 bc	0.673±0.101 b	0.528±0.063 bc	0.544±0.070 bc	0.546±0.068 bc	0.557±0.060 cd
M9	0.225±0.029 a	3.612±0.456 b	1.706±0.129 a	1.852±0.063 b	2.511±0.324 b	1.593±0.082 cd	0.657±0.083 b	0.516±0.088 bc	0.529±0.073 bc	0.512±0.072 bc	0.528±0.032 cd

组别 Group	采样时间 Sampling time/d
组别 Group	1	7	13	19	25	31	37	43	49	55	60
M1	0.001 6±0.000 5 a	1.573 5±0.325 3 b	1.927 1±0.197 6 a	1.326 8±0.045 4 b	0.533 4±0.115 1 a	0.102 7±0.018 9 a	0.015 8±0.006 5 b	0.011 9±0.008 5 a	0.091 3±0.015 0 a	0.091 5±0.019 5 a	0.008 4±0.000 2 b
M2	0.001 4±0.000 2 bc	1.624 9±0.207 1 a	1.881 4±0.053 8 b	1.396 5±0.089 3 b	0.489 7±0.084 8 b	0.095 3±0.023 6 b	0.020 3±0.008 4 a	0.016 2±0.006 5 a	0.015 2±0.003 2 b	0.010 9±0.001 5 b	0.009 4±0.000 4 a
M3	0.001 5±0.000 7 b	1.654 5±0.204 2 a	1.907 7±0.039 1 a	1.411 3±0.098 0 a	0.521 5±0.045 9 a	0.132 9±0.017 1 a	0.021 3±0.009 4 a	0.018 2±0.005 7 a	0.017 9±0.003 3 b	0.012 6±0.000 8 b	0.009 3±0.000 3 a
M4	0.001 5±0.000 8 b	1.459 7±0.107 6 bc	1.621 3±0.099 8 cd	1.123 8±0.115 4 cd	0.343 7±0.095 4 bc	0.084 4±0.011 2 bc	0.013 0±0.004 8 b	0.007 7±0.002 5 b	0.005 7±0.001 5 cd	0.005 5±0.001 1 bc	0.005 2±0.000 3 bc
M5	0.0015±0.001 1 b	1.427 1±0.079 6 bc	1.781 1±0.211 3 bc	0.907 2±0.051 8 d	0.313 6±0.088 0 bc	0.075 1±0.011 6 cd	0.005 4±0.001 3 bcd	0.005 7±0.001 4 cd	0.005 6±0.001 6 cd	0.005 4±0.000 4 bc	0.005 3±0.000 2 bc
M6	0.001 6±0.000 4 a	1.461 9±0.231 8 bc	1.795 3±0.223 9 bc	1.111 0±0.175 0 cd	0.415 8±0.020 4 b	0.079 8±0.010 3 cd	0.008 8±0.001 5 bc	0.006 5±0.001 2 bc	0.005 9±0.001 8 cd	0.005 1±0.000 2 bc	0.005 2±0.000 3 bc
M7	0.001 5±0.000 8 b	1.494 2±0.157 1 bc	1.827 9±0.055 8 b	1.121 8±0.009 1 cd	0.403 2±0.015 4 b	0.093 3±0.027 1 b	0.007 4±0.001 0 cd	0.006 2±0.001 5 bc	0.006 4±0.001 6 bc	0.005 3±0.000 6 bc	0.005 0±0.000 2 bc
M8	0.001 3±0.000 6 cd	1.435 1±0.073 7 bc	1.794 2±0.037 9 bc	1.228 0±0.167 4 bc	0.382 2±0.048 9 bc	0.126 9±0.019 5 a	0.007 6±0.000 7 cd	0.007 5±0.000 7 b	0.006 2±0.001 0 bc	0.005 6±0.000 9 bc	0.005 1±0.000 1 bc
M9	0.001 3±0.000 7 cd	1.462 8±0.046 9 bc	1.852 6±0.069 4 b	0.973 1±0.177 9 d	0.375 8±0.054 8 bc	0.083 0±0.024 3 bc	0.006 4±0.001 1 d	0.006 2±0.000 8 bc	0.005 8±0.000 4 cd	0.005 2±0.000 6 bc	0.005 1±0.000 3 bc

组别 Group	采样时间 Sampling time/d
组别 Group	1	7	13	19	25	31	37	43	49	55	60
M1	1.212±0.088 a	8.718±1.864 b	8.319±1.932 b	7.646±0.613 b	7.793±1.605 b	7.733±1.040 b	6.451±1.310 b	6.727±1.219 b	6.597±1.279 b	6.139±1.260 b	6.091±2.411 b
M2	1.093±0.613 bc	9.242±0.207 a	9.075±0.054 a	8.454±0.090 a	8.242±0.085 a	8.444±0.024 a	7.165±0.008 a	7.268±0.007 a	7.500±0.003 a	7.163±0.002 a	7.155±0.000 a
M3	1.141±0.020 b	8.639±1.706 b	7.463±0.976 bc	7.430±1.492 b	6.483±0.930 bc	6.861±0.980 bc	6.141±1.642 b	6.458±1.425 b	7.128±1.543 a	7.639±1.042 a	7.834±2.301 a
M4	1.126±0.017 b	8.540±1.072 b	7.924±0.960 bc	6.868±1.583 bc	5.894±0.742 cd	5.765±1.074 cd	4.877±1.428 cd	4.726±1.422 cd	4.813±0.950 cd	4.637±0.798 cd	4.522±1.281 cd
M5	1.058±0.039 bc	8.338±1.102 b	7.853±1.614 bc	6.452±1.659 bc	5.247±1.14 cd	5.405±0.778 cd	4.535±0.522 cd	4.516±1.115 cd	4.429±1.146 cd	4.324±0.828 cd	4.273±1.321 cd
M6	1.224±0.085 a	8.843±1.664 b	8.236±0.842 b	7.425±0.905 b	6.680±1.235 bc	6.209±1.280 bc	5.557±1.354 bc	5.499±2.102 bc	5.856±1.694 bc	5.720±1.434 bc	5.672±1.723 bc
M7	1.036±0.027 bc	8.424±1.164 b	8.916±1.190 b	8.746±1.543 a	8.146±1.503 a	6.575±1.076 bc	6.280±0.882 b	6.455±0.374 b	6.262±1.116 b	6.314±0.893 b	6.261±2.582 b
M8	1.153±0.029 b	8.744±0.841 b	8.621±1.308 b	8.378±0.911 a	8.519±0.858 a	7.654±0.813 b	7.441±1.015 a	7.534±1.317 a	7.283±0.959 a	7.217±1.260 a	7.332±2.433 a
M9	1.131±0.011 b	8.634±1.525 b	8.742±0.882 b	8.624±0.904 a	8.614±1.575 a	8.298±1.323 a	7.141±1.626 a	7.217±1.744 a	7.189±1.563 a	6.888±1.740 b	7.154±2.492 a

组别 Group	采样时间 Sampling time/d
组别 Group	1	7	13	19	25	31	37	43	49	55	60
M1	0.141±0.027 bc	0.390±0.045 b	0.711±0.101 b	0.659±0.098 b	0.438±0.104 b	0.591±0.138 b	0.622±0.106 a	0.681±0.057 b	0.753±0.112 b	0.716±0.109 b	0.724±0.120 b
M2	0.156±0.026 b	0.436±0.129 a	0.788±0.071 b	0.648±0.134 b	0.434±0.110 b	0.622±0.154 a	0.656±0.085 a	0.713±0.136 a	0.774±0.103 b	0.763±0.093 b	0.783±0.151 b
M3	0.144±0.037 bc	0.418±0.062 a	0.814±0.076 a	0.637±0.156 b	0.488±0.081 b	0.686±0.154 a	0.639±0.054 a	0.707±0.029 a	0.857±0.098 a	0.912±0.069 a	0.957±0.122 a
M4	0.168±0.029 a	0.375±0.144 b	0.747±0.216 b	0.657±0.232 b	0.516±0.090 a	0.644±0.101 a	0.542±0.080 b	0.712±0.142 a	0.747±0.155 b	0.674±0.188 bc	0.582±0.180 cd
M5	0.155±0.053 b	0.372±0.110 b	0.751±0.108 b	0.662±0.141 b	0.415±0.082 b	0.585±0.147 b	0.561±0.067 b	0.614±0.158 b	0.633±0.048 bc	0.631±0.064 bc	0.623±0.211 bc
M6	0.143±0.053 bc	0.387±0.182 b	0.764±0.052 b	0.686±0.210 b	0.485±0.082 b	0.591±0.088 b	0.561±0.081 b	0.603±0.129 b	0.657±0.106 bc	0.685±0.144 bc	0.636±0.251 bc
M7	0.146±0.051 bc	0.394±0.055 b	0.776±0.117 b	0.698±0.157 b	0.477±0.058 b	0.614±0.117 a	0.589±0.180 b	0.749±0.075 a	0.696±0.081 bc	0.685±0.123 bc	0.432±0.030 d
M8	0.145±0.052 bc	0.370±0.129 b	0.794±0.225 b	0.713±0.197 a	0.485±0.137 b	0.664±0.164 a	0.617±0.144 a	0.692±0.111 b	0.736±0.143 b	0.674±0.124 bc	0.485±0.051 d
M9	0.142±0.020 bc	0.390±0.038 b	0.764±0.162 b	0.690±0.174 b	0.465±0.096 b	0.659±0.120 a	0.609±0.133 a	0.644±0.157 b	0.624±0.130 bc	0.678±0.127 bc	0.447±0.021 d

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