Design and Performance of a Kneading Threshing Device for Sorghum

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0029

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the quality of threshing and separating during sorghum combination harvest， a kneading axial flow threshing drum was designed. Through the interaction between the grain bar drum and the matched grid drum， the material was extruded， rubbed and flipped to realize the threshing and separation of sorghum seeds and reduce the loss rate and grain crushing rate. Using secondary universal rotating combination design， taking the grain crushing rate and entrainment loss rate as the main indexes， the experimental bench of the kneading type sorghum threshing device was tested taking the feeding amount， the drum speed of grain bar and the drum speed of grid as the influencing factors. The experimental results showed that the entrainment loss rate and crushing rate decreased first and then increased with the increase of feed. With the increase of drum speed， the crushing rate increases gradually， and the entrainment loss rate decreased first and then increased. When the grid cylinder was rotating positively， the breakage rate and entrainment loss rate decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of the rotating speed. When the grid drum was reversed， the breakage rate and entrainment loss rate both increased with the increase of rotational speed. The optimal solution was obtained under the constraint conditions through the regression equation， and the optimal parameter combination of the threshing device was obtained as follows： the feeding volume was 0.76 kg·s^-1， the drum speed was 403 r·min^-1， and the drum speed was 35 r·min^-1. Under the optimal parameter combination， the grain crushing rate was 0.21% and the entrainment loss rate was 1.03%. The results provided a basis for the field test of the device.

Key words: sorghum, rubbing type, threshing device, grain breakage rate, entrainment loss rate

摘要：

为了提高高粱联合收获时脱粒分离的作业质量，设计了一种揉搓式高粱脱粒滚筒。通过纹杆滚筒和与之相配合的栅格滚筒的相互作用，加强对物料挤压、揉搓、翻转，实现高粱籽粒的脱粒与分离，降低损失率和籽粒破碎率；采用二次通用旋转组合设计，以籽粒破碎率和夹带损失率为主要指标，选取喂入量、纹杆滚筒转速、栅格滚筒转速为影响因素，对揉搓式高粱脱粒装置进行了试验。结果表明：随着喂入量的增加，夹带损失率和破碎率均为先降低后升高；随着纹杆滚筒转速的增大，破碎率逐渐增加，夹带损失率先降低后升高；当栅格滚筒正转时，随着转速的升高，破碎率和夹带损失率均呈先降低后升高的趋势；当栅格滚筒反转时，随着转速的升高，破碎率和夹带损失率均呈升高的趋势；通过回归方程在约束条件下求最优解，得到脱粒装置最优参数组合为：喂入量为0.76 kg·s^-1、纹杆滚筒转速为403 r·min^-1、栅格滚筒转速为35 r·min^-1，在最优参数组合下籽粒破碎率为0.21%，夹带损失率为1.03%。研究结果可为该装置的田间试验提供依据。

关键词: 高粱, 揉搓式, 脱粒装置, 破碎率, 夹带损失率

CLC Number:

S225.3

Xiuquan ZHANG, Wanping FENG, Jiawei WANG, Haiyan SONG, Decong ZHENG. Design and Performance of a Kneading Threshing Device for Sorghum[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(8): 112-121.

张秀全, 冯晚平, 王嘉伟, 宋海燕, 郑德聪. 揉搓式高粱脱粒装置的设计与性能试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(8): 112-121.

Figures/Tables 12

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参数Parameter	数值Value
株高 Plant height/cm	145~153
籽粒平均含水率 Grain average moisture content/%	11.85
茎秆平均含水率/% Stem average moisture content/%	40.04
谷草比 Grain to grass ratio	1.34∶1.00
千粒重 Thousand weight/g	22.6

参数Parameter	数值Value
株高 Plant height/cm	145~153
籽粒平均含水率 Grain average moisture content/%	11.85
茎秆平均含水率/% Stem average moisture content/%	40.04
谷草比 Grain to grass ratio	1.34∶1.00
千粒重 Thousand weight/g	22.6

水平 Level	因素 Factor
水平 Level	x₁：喂入量 Feed amount/（kg·s^-1）	x₂：纹杆滚筒转速 Rasp bar roller speed/（r·min^-1）	x₃：栅格滚筒转速 Grid roller speed/（r·min^-1）
+1.682	67.05	484.1	1.364 0
+1	+50.00	450.0	1.000 0
0	+25.00	400.0	0.800 0
-1	0	350.0	0.600 0
-1.682	17.05	315.9	0.463 6
Δ	25.00	50.0	0.200 0

水平 Level	因素 Factor
水平 Level	x₁：喂入量 Feed amount/（kg·s^-1）	x₂：纹杆滚筒转速 Rasp bar roller speed/（r·min^-1）	x₃：栅格滚筒转速 Grid roller speed/（r·min^-1）
+1.682	67.05	484.1	1.364 0
+1	+50.00	450.0	1.000 0
0	+25.00	400.0	0.800 0
-1	0	350.0	0.600 0
-1.682	17.05	315.9	0.463 6
Δ	25.00	50.0	0.200 0

序号 Serial number	因素水平Factor level			y₁：夹带损失率Entrainment loss rate/%	y₂：籽粒破碎率 Grain breakage rate/%
序号 Serial number	x₁：喂入量 Feed amount	x₂：纹杆滚筒转速 Rasp bar roller speed	x₃：栅格滚筒转速 Grid roller speed	y₁：夹带损失率Entrainment loss rate/%	y₂：籽粒破碎率 Grain breakage rate/%
1	1	1	1	2.34	0.39
2	1	1	-1	2.64	0.31
3	1	-1	1	2.41	0.29
4	1	-1	-1	2.07	0.24
5	-1	1	1	0.74	0.53
6	-1	1	-1	1.73	0.51
7	-1	-1	1	2.15	0.35
8	-1	-1	-1	1.98	0.28
9	1.682	0	0	2.80	0.22
10	-1.682	0	0	1.34	0.41
11	0	1.682	0	1.44	0.51
12	0	-1.682	0	2.86	0.34
13	0	0	1.682	1.76	0.43
14	0	0	-1.682	1.62	0.41
15	0	0	0	1.56	0.22
16	0	0	0	1.01	0.24
17	0	0	0	1.04	0.23
18	0	0	0	0.96	0.19
19	0	0	0	1.03	0.22
20	0	0	0	0.95	0.24