Abstract: Drought stress is one of the major limitations to plant growth and development. Drought can lead to osmotic imbalance, damage of membrane system, decrease of respiration rate and photosynthesis rate, etc. adverse reaction. It not only hinders plant growth and metabolism at different stages, but also affects crops to achieve good quality and high yield. In the interaction between plants and external environment, plants will build drought response, such as changing the structure of plant root system and leaf blades, composition of metabolites and expression of drought-resistant genes to resist drought stress. The paper reviewed the research progress in the mechanism of plant response to drought stress from phenotypic level, physiological level and molecular level. The response of drought stress in phenotypic mainly included the structure change of root system and leaf. The response of drought stress to physiological was mainly reflected in photosynthesis, osmotic regulation, antioxidant metabolism and hormone, etc.. The paper elaborated in detail the molecular mechanism of plant drought stress response and regulatory and functional genes involved in drought stress, discussed the existing problems and look forward the research prospect.

Key words: drought, phenotype, physiology, molecule, genetic engineering

摘要： 干旱是限制植物生长的重要因素，会诱导植物产生渗透失衡、膜系统损伤、呼吸与光合速率降低等不良反应，不仅妨碍植物各阶段的生长代谢，还影响农作物的高质高产。在与外部环境的互作过程中，植物会产生干旱响应，如通过根系和叶片结构、代谢物质成分的改变以及抗旱基因的表达来抵御干旱胁迫。从表型水平、生理水平和分子水平阐述了植物干旱胁迫响应的研究进展。其中，植物表型水平的干旱胁迫响应主要体现在根系和叶片的结构改变，而植物生理水平的干旱胁迫响应主要体现在光合作用、渗透调节代谢、抗氧化代谢和激素物质等方面，详细阐述了植物干旱胁迫响应的分子机制及参与其中的调节基因和功能基因，对研究中存在的问题进行了讨论，展望了植物干旱胁迫响应的研究前景。

关键词: 干旱, 表型, 生理, 分子, 基因工程