短生育期油菜农艺性状分析及品种选育

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为选育短生育期油菜品种，以早熟甘蓝型油菜优良材料为研究对象，通过遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、回归分析、主成分分析等方法，评价迟播条件下48份材料的11个主要农艺性状。结果表明，48份油菜11个数量性状的遗传多样性指数和变异系数范围较大，表明这些材料具有丰富的遗传信息。相关性分析表明，营养期、角果期、全株有效角果数、每果粒数、千粒重、花期与单株产量关系紧密。单株产量的回归方程主要受全株有效角果数、每果粒数和千粒重的显著影响，决定系数为0.852。主成分分析提取的前2个主成分，累计贡献率达51.46%，代表了大部分的农艺性状。主成分分析将48份材料分为4个象限，第1象限（Ⅰ）花期较短、营养期较长和角果期较长的材料可以选育早熟短生育期高产品种。研究结果为长江中游区早熟短生育期油菜亲本选择和杂交组合选配提供理论依据。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 育种, 生育期, 早熟

Abstract:

To breed short growth period rapeseed varieties， taking the early maturing and excellent breeding germplasm of Brassica napus L. as the research materials， 11 main agronomic traits of 48 materials were analyzed and evaluated through methods including genetic diversity analysis， correlation analysis， regression analysis and principal component analysis under late sowing. The results showed that the genetic diversity index and coefficient of variation range of the 11 quantitative traits were relatively large， indicating that these materials had rich genetic information. Correlation analysis showed that the vegetative growth period， the pod growth period， the pods number per plant， the seeds number per pod， 1 000 seeds weight and flowering duration were closely related to yield per plant. The regression equation for yield per plant was mainly significantly influenced by the pods number per plant， the seeds number per pod and 1 000 seeds weight， with a coefficient of determination of 0.852. The first two principal components extracted by principal component analysis had a cumulative contribution rate of 51.46%， representing most of agronomic traits. Principal component analysis divided 48 germplasm into 4 quadrants， and the first quadrant （Ⅰ） showed that materials with shorter flowering duration， longer vegetative growth period， and longer pod growth period could be used to breed early maturing， short growth period and high-yielding varieties. Above results provided a theoretical basis for the selection of parents and hybrid combinations of early maturing rapeseed with short growth period in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: Brassica napus L., breeding, growth period, early maturity

中图分类号:

S565.4

丁戈, 李书宇, 熊洁, 宋来强, 郑潇潇, 张炳超, 王雨文, 陈伦林. 短生育期油菜农艺性状分析及品种选育[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(10): 42-50.

Ge DING, Shuyu LI, Jie XIONG, Laiqiang SONG, Xiaoxiao ZHENG, Bingchao ZHANG, Yuwen WANG, Lunlin CHEN. Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Variety Breeding of Rapeseed with Short Duration[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(10): 42-50.

图/表 8

参考文献 19

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编号 Number	名称 Name	类别 Category	编号 Number	名称 Name	类别 Category
1	283B	自交系Inbred	25	19A1861×283B	杂交种Hybrid
2	69-001	自交系Inbred	26	19A1990×283B	杂交种Hybrid
3	4K003	自交系Inbred	27	69-026×238B	杂交种Hybrid
4	5K038	自交系Inbred	28	75169×283B	杂交种Hybrid
5	5K053	自交系Inbred	29	75529×283B	杂交种Hybrid
6	6K205	自交系Inbred	30	4K003×52R	杂交种Hybrid
7	9Y005	自交系Inbred	31	5K008×52R	杂交种Hybrid
8	17A548	自交系Inbred	32	5K034×52R	杂交种Hybrid
9	赣油杂8号 Ganyouza 8	杂交种Hybrid	33	5K053×52R	杂交种Hybrid
10	赣油杂906 Ganyouza 906	杂交种Hybrid	34	6K026×52R	杂交种Hybrid
11	4K003×283B	杂交种Hybrid	35	6K160×52R	杂交种Hybrid
12	4K045×283B	杂交种Hybrid	36	17A548×52R	杂交种Hybrid
13	4K069×283B	杂交种Hybrid	37	17C558×52R	杂交种Hybrid
14	5K001×283B	杂交种Hybrid	38	19A1861×52R	杂交种Hybrid
15	5K002×283B	杂交种Hybrid	39	19A2001×52R	杂交种hybrid
16	5K008×238B	杂交种Hybrid	40	190891×52R	杂交种Hybrid
17	5K020×283B	杂交种Hybrid	41	4K003×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
18	5K024×283B	杂交种Hybrid	42	4K045×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
19	5K039×283B	杂交种Hybrid	43	4K069×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
20	5K060×283B	杂交种Hybrid	44	6K035×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
21	6K075×283B	杂交种Hybrid	45	850736×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
22	6K168×283B	杂交种Hybrid	46	4K033×N5353	杂交种Hybrid
23	9Y013×283B	杂交种Hybrid	47	4K045×N5353	杂交种Hybrid
24	17A548×283B	杂交种Hybrid	48	5K025×N5353	杂交种Hybrid

编号 Number	名称 Name	类别 Category	编号 Number	名称 Name	类别 Category
1	283B	自交系Inbred	25	19A1861×283B	杂交种Hybrid
2	69-001	自交系Inbred	26	19A1990×283B	杂交种Hybrid
3	4K003	自交系Inbred	27	69-026×238B	杂交种Hybrid
4	5K038	自交系Inbred	28	75169×283B	杂交种Hybrid
5	5K053	自交系Inbred	29	75529×283B	杂交种Hybrid
6	6K205	自交系Inbred	30	4K003×52R	杂交种Hybrid
7	9Y005	自交系Inbred	31	5K008×52R	杂交种Hybrid
8	17A548	自交系Inbred	32	5K034×52R	杂交种Hybrid
9	赣油杂8号 Ganyouza 8	杂交种Hybrid	33	5K053×52R	杂交种Hybrid
10	赣油杂906 Ganyouza 906	杂交种Hybrid	34	6K026×52R	杂交种Hybrid
11	4K003×283B	杂交种Hybrid	35	6K160×52R	杂交种Hybrid
12	4K045×283B	杂交种Hybrid	36	17A548×52R	杂交种Hybrid
13	4K069×283B	杂交种Hybrid	37	17C558×52R	杂交种Hybrid
14	5K001×283B	杂交种Hybrid	38	19A1861×52R	杂交种Hybrid
15	5K002×283B	杂交种Hybrid	39	19A2001×52R	杂交种hybrid
16	5K008×238B	杂交种Hybrid	40	190891×52R	杂交种Hybrid
17	5K020×283B	杂交种Hybrid	41	4K003×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
18	5K024×283B	杂交种Hybrid	42	4K045×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
19	5K039×283B	杂交种Hybrid	43	4K069×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
20	5K060×283B	杂交种Hybrid	44	6K035×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
21	6K075×283B	杂交种Hybrid	45	850736×69-001	杂交种Hybrid
22	6K168×283B	杂交种Hybrid	46	4K033×N5353	杂交种Hybrid
23	9Y013×283B	杂交种Hybrid	47	4K045×N5353	杂交种Hybrid
24	17A548×283B	杂交种Hybrid	48	5K025×N5353	杂交种Hybrid

性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	香浓多样性指数 H'
生育期 GP/d	177.0	187.0	180.4	2.04	1.13	1.782
营养期 VGP/d	85.0	126.0	107.9	10.27	9.53	1.993
花期 FP/d	19.0	55.0	35.6	10.35	29.08	1.928
角果期 PGP/d	30.0	43.0	37.0	2.88	7.79	2.045
株高 PH/cm	128.7	189.0	167.9	12.53	7.46	1.997
有效分枝高度 BH/cm	39.2	104.8	78.7	14.44	18.35	2.031
一次分枝数 BN	5.0	8.4	6.0	0.75	12.50	1.946
单株有效角果数 PN	91.8	187.9	146.2	28.45	19.46	1.873
每果粒数 SN	16.4	26.4	19.3	2.29	11.86	1.684
千粒重 TSW/g	3.3	5.7	4.4	0.57	12.84	2.054
单株产量 PY/g	6.2	14.1	10.6	1.93	18.21	1.764
平均值Mean					13.47	1.918

性状 Trait	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	香浓多样性指数 H'
生育期 GP/d	177.0	187.0	180.4	2.04	1.13	1.782
营养期 VGP/d	85.0	126.0	107.9	10.27	9.53	1.993
花期 FP/d	19.0	55.0	35.6	10.35	29.08	1.928
角果期 PGP/d	30.0	43.0	37.0	2.88	7.79	2.045
株高 PH/cm	128.7	189.0	167.9	12.53	7.46	1.997
有效分枝高度 BH/cm	39.2	104.8	78.7	14.44	18.35	2.031
一次分枝数 BN	5.0	8.4	6.0	0.75	12.50	1.946
单株有效角果数 PN	91.8	187.9	146.2	28.45	19.46	1.873
每果粒数 SN	16.4	26.4	19.3	2.29	11.86	1.684
千粒重 TSW/g	3.3	5.7	4.4	0.57	12.84	2.054
单株产量 PY/g	6.2	14.1	10.6	1.93	18.21	1.764
平均值Mean					13.47	1.918

指标 Index	生育期 GP	营养期 VGP	花期 FP	角果期 PGP	株高 PH	有效分枝高度 BH	一次分枝数 BN	单株有效角果数 PN	每果粒数 SN	千粒重 TSW
营养期 VGP	0.212
花期 FP	-0.144	-0.967^**
角果期 PGP	0.470^**	0.059	-0.244
株高 PH	-0.313^*	-0.154	0.061	0.109
有效分枝高度 BH	-0.124	-0.143	0.094	0.085	0.553^**
一次分枝数 BN	-0.009	-0.103	0.105	-0.017	-0.114	-0.504^**
单株有效角果数 PN	0.211	0.274	-0.279	0.176	-0.150	-0.305^*	0.150
每果粒数 SN	0.463^**	0.305^*	-0.277	0.235	-0.057	-0.173	0.028	0.209
千粒重 TSW	0.090	0.467^**	-0.576^**	0.467^**	0.235	0.058	-0.088	-0.033	0.218
单株产量 PY	0.283	0.521^**	-0.549^**	0.317^*	-0.068	-0.212	0.055	0.795^**	0.512^**	0.355^*