利用小麦90K SNP芯片研究泰山22的遗传组成

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0721

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索育种选择对小麦基因组的影响，利用小麦90K SNP芯片分析了鲁麦18（母本）和鲁麦14（父本）对泰山22的遗传贡献率。结果表明，鲁麦18对泰山22号的贡献略大于鲁麦14，遗传贡献率分别为51.87%和48.13%。父母本在染色体间的遗传贡献率存在较大差异，父本鲁麦14贡献率超过50%的染色体有1A、1B、2A、3B、4A、6A、7A、7B和7D，其中3B、6A、7A超过85%；而母本鲁麦18在除此之外的12条染色体的遗传贡献率均大于50.00%，其中2B、5B超过98.00%。亲本遗传信息主要以染色体大片段形式传递到子代，如1B、2D、4A、5A、5B、6B、7A等染色体。对亲本和子代进行多年多点的农艺性状调查，发现泰山22号的株高、穗下节间长、穗叶距等株型相关性状和抽穗期等生育期性状高于高值亲本鲁麦18；有效小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重等产量相关性状在自然降雨条件下介于二者之间，在其余环境条件下均显著高于高值亲本鲁麦18，呈明显的超亲遗传；泰山22号粒长性状在不同水分条件下均高于高值亲本鲁麦18，其粒宽和粒厚均介于双亲之间。从基因组层面分析了育种亲本对子代的遗传贡献，展示了杂交育种及人工选择对农艺性状及基因组造成的影响。

关键词: 泰山22, 育种亲本, 90K SNP芯片, 遗传贡献, 遗传组成

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of breeding selection on genome of wheat， this study evaluated the inheritance from Lumai 18 （mother） and Lumai14 （father）to Taishan 22 using 90K SNP array. The results showed that Taishan 22 inherited a little more SNP loci from Lumai 18 （51.87% ） than from Lumai 14 （ 48.13% ）. In Taishan 22， chromosomes 1A， 1B， 2A， 3B， 4A， 6A， 7A， 7B and 7D harbored more than 50% SNPs from Lumai 14， over 85% SNPs on 3B， 6A and 7A. Whereas， the remaining 12 chromosomes carried more than 50.00% SNPs from Lumai 18， over 98.00% SNPs on 2B and 5B especially. The parental genetic compositions were present mainly in large chromosomal segments in Taishan 22 on 1B， 2D， 4A， 5A， 5B， 6B and 7A chromosomes. Phenotyping investigation in multi-locations across years indicated that Taishan 22 was higher than Lumai 18 in plant height， internode length below spike， length from flag leaf pulvinus to spike base and days from sowing to heading. The yield related traits of spikelet number per spike， grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight were between in the parents under rained conditions， while higher than Lumai18 in under other conditions. Grain length of Taishan 22 was higher than that of Lumai 18 under the 3 conditions， while grain width and grain thickness were between in the parents. Those results analyzed the genetic contribution from parental generation to filial generation， exhibited the influence of hybridization and artificial selection on agronomical traits and genome.

Key words: Taishan 22, pbreeding parents, 90K SNP array, genetic contribution, genetic composition

中图分类号:

S512

王瑞霞, 翟晓灵, 李玉刚, 牟秋焕, 孙盈盈, 孙宪印, 米勇, 吕广德, 盖红梅, 钱兆国. 利用小麦90K SNP芯片研究泰山22的遗传组成[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(4): 21-29.

Ruixia WANG, Xiaoling ZHAI, Yugang LI, Qiuhuan MU, Yingying SUN, Xianyin SUN, Yong MI, Guangde LYU, Hongmei GE, Zhaoguo QIAN. Genetic Composition of Taishan 22 Using High-density 90K SNP Array[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(4): 21-29.

图/表 5

图1 总SNP位点及差异SNP位点在染色体上的分布

Fig.1 Distribution of total SNPs and differential SNPs on each chromosome

图2 SNP标记分析鲁麦18和鲁麦14对泰山22号的遗传贡献

Fig. 2 Genetic contribution of Lumai 18 and Lumai14 to Taishan 22 revealed by SNP markers

表1 鲁麦18和鲁麦14在21条染色体对泰山22号的遗传贡献

Table 1 Genetic contribution of Lumai 18 and Lumai 14 on Taishan 22 with SNP on 21 chromosomes

染色体 Chromosome	总差异位点 Total differential loci	鲁麦18 Lumai 18		鲁麦14 Lumai 14
染色体 Chromosome	总差异位点 Total differential loci	差异位点 Differential loci	贡献率 Contribution rate /%	差异位点 Differential loci	贡献率 Contribution rate/%
1A	382	153	40.05	229	59.95
1B	538	137	25.46	401	74.54
1D	159	112	70.44	47	29.56
2A	210	69	32.86	141	67.14
2B	432	425	98.38	7	1.62
2D	394	267	67.77	127	32.23
3A	428	340	79.44	88	20.56
3B	495	68	13.74	427	86.26
3D	85	61	71.76	24	28.24
4A	315	67	21.27	248	78.73
4B	196	115	58.67	81	41.33
4D	14	8	57.14	6	42.86
5A	596	378	63.42	218	36.58
5B	1 121	1 110	99.02	11	0.98
5D	63	48	76.19	15	23.81
6A	510	23	4.51	487	95.49
6B	615	432	70.24	183	29.76
6D	36	22	61.11	14	38.89
7A	459	61	13.29	398	86.71
7B	430	179	41.63	251	58.37
7D	35	8	22.86	27	77.14
总计 Total	7 513	4 083	51.87	3 430	48.13

图3 泰山22号的遗传组成图谱注：每组图谱自左向右依次代表鲁麦18、鲁麦14和泰山22号染色体及SNP在整合遗传图中的染色体定位。红色、蓝色、浅黄色、灰色分别表示鲁麦18特有、鲁麦14特有、共有、非亲本等位变异。

Fig. 3 Genetic composition map of Taishan 22Note：From left to right， the spectrum of each group indicate chromosomes of Lumai 18， Lumai 14， and Taishan 22， and the chromosomal location of SNP in the integrated genetic map. Red， blue， light yellow and gray indicate alleles that Lumai 18 unique，Lumai 14 unique， both of and none of the two parents.

图4 泰山22号及其亲本鲁麦18、鲁麦14在多个环境下的农艺性状表现注：PH—株高；HD—抽穗期； FD—开花期； FL—旗叶长； FW—旗叶宽； SL—穗长； ILS—穗下节间长； LFS—穗叶距； ED— 抽穗度； SN—小穗数； GN—穗粒数； TGW—千粒重； GL—粒长； GW—粒宽； GT—粒厚。

Fig.4 Agronomic traits of Taishan22 and its parents in several cultivated environmentsNote： PH—Plant height； HD—Days from sowing to heading； FD—Days from sowing to flowering； FL—Flag leaf length； FW—Flag leaf width； SL—Spike length； ILS—Internode length below spike； LFS—Length from flag leaf pulvinus to spike base； ED— Earing degree； SN—Spikelet number per spike； GN—Grain number per spike； TGW—1 000-grain weight； GL— Grain length； GW—Grain width； GT—Grain thickness.

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