花青素玉米的育种进展

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0740

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花青素是自然界广泛存在的水溶性色素，也是常见的抗氧化物质。近年来，花青素在抗炎、防衰老等方面的保健功能逐渐得到关注和认可，随着甜、糯类型鲜食玉米市场需求和种植面积的逐年增加，富含花青素的鲜食玉米格外受消费者的欢迎。除了鲜食，花青素玉米还可以作为原材料进行工业提取，提取的花青素应用广泛。近几年，花青素玉米的育种发展迅速，并且在基因工程育种方面也取得了突破性进展。从玉米花青素的合成代谢调控途径、用途和市场前景、常规品种选育及基因工程研究进展等方面进行阐述，为花青素玉米未来的开发、育种方向选择提供借鉴。

关键词: 花青素, 鲜食玉米, 育种

Abstract:

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigment and antioxidant widespread in the nature. In recent years， the health care functions of anthocyanins， such as anti-inflammation and anti-aging， have gradually gained public concern and recognition. With the increase of sweet and waxy fresh corn market and planting area year by year， the fresh corns rich in anthocyanin are very popular with consumers. In addition to fresh food， anthocyanin corn can also be used as raw materials for industrial extraction， and the extracted anthocyanins are widely used. For the past few years， anthocyanin maize breeding has also made great progress， and genetic engineering breeding has also made a breakthrough. Here， this paper reviewed the synthesis and metabolism of anthocyanin， applications and market prospect， conventional breeding and genetic engineering of anthocyanin corn， which provided a reference for breeding and development of anthocyanin maize in future.

Key words: anthocyanin, fresh corn, breeding

中图分类号:

S513

杨文竹, 陈茹梅. 花青素玉米的育种进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(8): 18-24.

Wenzhu YANG, Rumei CHEN. Breeding Progress of Anthocyanin Corn[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(8): 18-24.

图/表 6

参考文献 27

1	SILVA S, COSTA E M, CALHAU C, et al.. Anthocyanin extraction from plant tissues: a review [J]. Critical Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2017, 57(14): 3072-3083.
2	LAURA A C, JAY E H, JOHN A J. A natural colorant system from corn: flavone-anthocyanin copigmentation for altered hues and improved shelf life [J/OL]. Food Chem., 2020, 310(25): 125734 [2021-06-21]. .
3	NOMI Y, IWASAKI K K, MATSUMOTO H. Therapeutic effects of anthocyanins for vision and eye health [J/OL]. Molecules, 2019, 24(18):3311 [2021-06-21]. .
4	LEE Y M, YOON Y, YOON H, et al.. Dietary anthocyanins against obesity and inflammation [J/OL]. Nutrients, 2017, 9(10):1089 [2021-06-21]. .
5	CASSIDY A, MUKAMAL K J, LIU L, et al.. High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women [J]. Circulation, 2013, 127:188-196.
6	YOLANDA S M, GRISELDA S S, DAVID R H, et al.. Characterization of anthocyanin extracts from maize kernels [J]. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2005, 43(9):483-487.
7	WANG H, CAO G H, PRIOR R L. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45:304-309.
8	NAKAYAMA T, SUZUKI H, NISHINO T. Anthocyanin acyltransferases: specificities, mechanism, phylogenetics, and applications [J]. J. Mol. Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2003, 23:117-132.
9	DOONER H K, ROBBINS T P, JORGENSEN R A. Genetic and developmental control of anthocyanin biosynthesis [J]. Annu. Rev. Genet., 1991, 25:173-199.
10	PAOLO P, ANTONIA P, GARETH I J, et al.. Members of the c1/pl1 regulatory gene family mediate the response of maize aleurone and mesocotyl to different light qualities and cytokinins1 [J]. Plant Physiol., 2002, 128:1077-1086.
11	KENGO M, MARÍA I C, LORENA F F, et al.. A genome-wide regulatory framework identifies maize pericarp color1 controlled genes [J]. Plant Cell, 2012, 24: 2745-2764.
12	BISMA R, HAIQIANG C, JING W, et al.. Overexpression of maize ZmC1 and ZmR transcription factors in wheat regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in a tissue-specific manner [J/OL]. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(22):5806 [2021-06-21]. .
13	CHANDLER V L, RADICELLA J P, ROBBINS T P, et al.. Two regulatory genes of the maize anthocyanin pathway are homologous: isolation of B utilizing R genomic sequences [J]. Plant Cell, 1990, 1:1175-1183.
14	CAREY C C, STRAHLE J T, SELINGER D A, et al.. Mutations in the pale aleurone color1 regulatory gene of the Zea mays anthocyanin pathway have distinct phenotypes relative to the functionally similar TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana [J]. Plant Cell, 2004, 16:450-464.
15	CHATHAM L A, WEST L, BERHOW M A, et al.. Unique flavanol-anthocyanin condensed forms in apache red purple corn [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2018, 66(41):10844-10854.
16	汪文忠.花青素在饲料上的应用探析[J].广东饲料,2017,26(4):30-31.
17	周迪,王胤晨,田兴舟,等.花青素增强反刍动物抗氧化性能作用机制的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2019,50(8):1536-1544.
	ZHOU D, WANG Y C, TIAN X Z, et al.. Study of the mechanism of anthocyanins enhancing antioxidant capacity in ruminants [J]. Acta Vet. Zootechnica Sin., 2019,50(8):1536-1544.
18	宫硖, 杨凤萍, 薛静,等.花青素合成转录因子基因在玉米中的表达研究: 一种新型基因可视化跟踪表达系统[J].科学通报,2012,57(24):2285-2291.
19	巴超杰,薛静,陈绪清,等.利用花青素可视化跟踪表达系统快速筛选表达 Cry1Ab/c基因的转基因玉米[J].植物学报,2013,48(1):59-64.
20	HE Y B, ZHU M, WU J H, et al.. Repurposing of anthocyanin biosynthesis for plant transformation and genome editing [J/OL]. Front. Genome, 2020, 2: 607982 [2022-06-21]. .
21	徐丽,赵久然,卢柏山,等.我国鲜食玉米种业现状及发展趋势[J].中国种业,2020(10):14-18.
22	KATIA P, ROBERTO P, CHIARA T. Anthocyanins in corn: a wealth of genes for human health [J]. Planta, 2014, 240:901-911.
23	蔡士兵.超黑糯玉米薪品种淮科糯2号[J].中国种业,2012(2):65.
24	周素英.黑糯玉米新品种濉黑糯3号的选育及高产栽培技术[J].粮食作物,2010(8):137-138.
25	TIMOTHY A H, EDWINA C C. Genetics and biochemistry of ant hocyanin biosynthesis [J]. Plant Cell, 1995, 7:1071-1083.
26	LIU X Q, LI S Z, YANG W Z, et al.. Synthesis of seed-specific bidirectional promoters for metabolic engineering of anthocyanin-rich maize [J]. Plant Cell Physiol., 2018, 59(10):1942-1955.
27	LIU X Q, YANG W Z, MU B N, et al.. Engineering of ‘purple embryo maize’ with a multigene expression system derived from a bidirectional promoter and self-cleaving 2A peptides [J]. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2018, 16(6):1107-1109.

名称 Name	缩写 Abbreviation	R基团R base
名称 Name	缩写 Abbreviation	R₁	R₂	R₃
天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin-3-glucoside	Pg3G	H	H	H
矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3-glucoside	C3G	OH	H	H
芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷 Peonidin-3-glucoside	Pn3G	CH3	H	H
天竺葵素-3-（6’-丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin-3- （6’- malonyl）glucoside	Pg3MG	H	丙二酰Malonyl	H
矢车菊素-3-（6’-丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3- （6’- malonyl） glucoside	C3MG	OH	丙二酰Malonyl	H
芍药素-3-（6’-丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Peonidin-3- （6’- malonyl） glucoside	Pn3MG	CH3	丙二酰Malonyl	H
天竺葵素-3-（3’，6’-二丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin-3- （3’，6’-dimalonyl） glucoside	Pg3DMG	H	丙二酰Malonyl	丙二酰Malonyl
矢车菊素-3-（3’，6’-二丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3- （3’，6’-dimalonyl） glucoside	C3DMG	OH	丙二酰Malonyl	丙二酰Malonyl
芍药素-3-（3’，6’-二丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Peonidin-3- （3’，6’-dimalonyl） glucoside	Pn3DMG	CH3	丙二酰Malonyl	丙二酰Malonyl

名称 Name	缩写 Abbreviation	R基团R base
名称 Name	缩写 Abbreviation	R₁	R₂	R₃
天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin-3-glucoside	Pg3G	H	H	H
矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3-glucoside	C3G	OH	H	H
芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷 Peonidin-3-glucoside	Pn3G	CH3	H	H
天竺葵素-3-（6’-丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin-3- （6’- malonyl）glucoside	Pg3MG	H	丙二酰Malonyl	H
矢车菊素-3-（6’-丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3- （6’- malonyl） glucoside	C3MG	OH	丙二酰Malonyl	H
芍药素-3-（6’-丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Peonidin-3- （6’- malonyl） glucoside	Pn3MG	CH3	丙二酰Malonyl	H
天竺葵素-3-（3’，6’-二丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Pelargonidin-3- （3’，6’-dimalonyl） glucoside	Pg3DMG	H	丙二酰Malonyl	丙二酰Malonyl
矢车菊素-3-（3’，6’-二丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin-3- （3’，6’-dimalonyl） glucoside	C3DMG	OH	丙二酰Malonyl	丙二酰Malonyl
芍药素-3-（3’，6’-二丙二酰）葡萄糖苷 Peonidin-3- （3’，6’-dimalonyl） glucoside	Pn3DMG	CH3	丙二酰Malonyl	丙二酰Malonyl

[1]	谭华强, 李丽平, 铁曼曼, 杨家勤, 郑晓云, 潘绍坤, 唐有万. 紫色辣椒花青素降解相关基因的挖掘与分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(9): 79-91.
[2]	史敏, 徐珍艳, 罗建. 基于学科交叉的未来产业识别研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(7): 10-19.
[3]	蒋国斌. 我国农业植物新品种保护现状与发展趋势分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 1-11.
[4]	杨大兵, 胡亮, 杜雪树, 万丙良, 夏明元, 戚华雄, 李进波. CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术创制水稻雄性不育系的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 24-34.
[5]	贾倩, 叶飒, 张辉, 串丽敏, 赵静娟. 基于核心专利识别视角的作物生物育种核心技术研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(3): 35-48.
[6]	刘徐冬雨, 郭潇潇, 付晨青, 韩蕊, 李国辉, 王秀萍. 基于RGB和CIELab预测紫苏叶片花青素含量[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(7): 103-110.
[7]	顿国强, 吴星澎, 纪欣鑫, 张福利, 纪文义, 杨永振. 双摆盘式大豆小区排种器的仿真优化[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(6): 82-90.
[8]	翟虎渠, 曹兵, 顾爽, 夏志强, 夏志辉, 龚家建, 尹航, 李立, 李卫, 任杰. 电子加速器诱变育种材料进展初报[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(12): 210-216.
[9]	史亚兴, 董会, 徐丽, 樊艳丽, 刘辉, 史亚民, 俞嫒年, 高宁, 赵久然, 卢柏山, 王荣焕. 基于电子鼻和GC-IMS技术分析不同类型鲜食玉米的风味差异[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(11): 143-156.
[10]	杨皓森. 中国大豆生物育种产业化对贸易依存度的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(11): 15-22.
[11]	韦海龙, 程乙, 宋碧, 邹军, 左晋, 李蕾, 张军, 刘代铃, 曾涛, 付敬锋, 魏盛. 不同播期下鲜食糯玉米籽粒灌浆特性及其与气象因子的关系[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 45-55.
[12]	郭静利, 张宇宏, 盛彩娇. 有序推进我国生物育种产业化应用的对策与建议[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(12): 1-5.
[13]	卢柏山, 董会, 赵久然, 徐丽, 樊艳丽, 史亚兴, 王荣焕. 不同鲜食玉米品种适采期氨基酸含量分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(11): 132-142.
[14]	王帅, 宋伟, 王荣焕, 赵久然. 我国玉米生物学研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 23-31.
[15]	孙正文, 谷淇深, 张艳, 王省芬, 马峙英. 棉花基因发掘与分子育种研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 32-38.