棉花基因发掘与分子育种研究进展

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0583

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

棉花是世界上重要的天然纤维作物，也是我国重要的经济作物和纺织工业原料。生物技术育种是品种改良和种质创新的手段，具有广泛的应用前景。棉花基因组测序的完成有助于挖掘棉花重要性状基因，将分子育种技术与常规育种技术相结合，促进棉花育种的发展，选育出更具广阔市场前景的优良品种。总结了棉花种质鉴定、标记开发及基因发掘等研究进展，以期为相关技术创新、分子设计育种等提供参考，推动棉花生物技术育种的发展。

关键词: 棉花, 生物技术, 种质鉴定, 分子设计育种

Abstract:

Cotton is not only important natural fiber crop in the world， it is also one of the important cash crops and raw materials for textile industry in China. Biotechnology breeding is an mean for variety improvement and germplasm innovation， with wide application prospect. The completion of cotton genome assemblies is helpful to mine genes of cotton important traits， combine molecular breeding with conventional breeding technology， promote the advancement of cotton breeding and develop superior varieties with broad market prospects. This paper summarized the research progress of cotton germplasm identification， molecular marker development and gene discovery to provide references for related technological innovation and molecular design breeding， and promote the development of cotton biotechnology breeding for future efforts.

Key words: cotton, biotechnology, germplasm identification, molecular design breeding

中图分类号:

S562

孙正文, 谷淇深, 张艳, 王省芬, 马峙英. 棉花基因发掘与分子育种研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 32-38.

Zhengwen SUN, Qishen GU, Yan ZHANG, Xingfen WANG, Zhiying MA. Research Progress on Cotton Gene Discovery and Molecular Breeding[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(7): 32-38.

图/表 3

参考文献 36

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QTL	染色体Chromosome	分子标记 Marker	表型变异解释率 Phenotypic variation explained/%	物理区间 Physical interval /Mb
qFL-D02-1	Dt02	bin4537	5.21~14.65	2.84~3.83
qFL-D02-4	Dt02	bin4669	4.37~10.34	21.34~30.84
qFL-D05-1	Dt05	bin5200	2.47~6.98	4.62~6.64
qFS-D02-1	Dt02	bin4537	3.85~6.70	2.95~3.83
qFS-D05-2	Dt05	bin5165	3.53~4.15	1.63~2.24
qFS-D11-1	Dt11	bin6330	4.66~12.08	62.03~64.45
qFS-D13-1	Dt13	bin6606	3.26~5.95	0.00~2.15
qFM-A05-1	At05	bin1333	3.58~5.58	9.54~10.55
qFM-D05-1	Dt05	bin5275	3.02~4.77	12.21~21.52
qFU-D02-3	Dt02	bin4537	5.72~7.46	2.71~3.83
qFU-D02-6	Dt02	bin4697	3.07~4.60	27.63~39.98
qFU-D11-1	Dt11	bin6322	2.59~5.59	61.94~63.14
qFE-A05-1	At05	bin1337	3.83~15.83	9.95~10.57
qFE-A11-2	At11	bin3388	2.29~3.40	67.16~81.20
qFE-D02-1	Dt02	bin4513	2.45~5.43	0.04~0.94
qFE-D13-1	Dt13	bin6606	2.44%~4.23%	0.05~1.10

QTL	染色体Chromosome	分子标记 Marker	表型变异解释率 Phenotypic variation explained/%	物理区间 Physical interval /Mb
qFL-D02-1	Dt02	bin4537	5.21~14.65	2.84~3.83
qFL-D02-4	Dt02	bin4669	4.37~10.34	21.34~30.84
qFL-D05-1	Dt05	bin5200	2.47~6.98	4.62~6.64
qFS-D02-1	Dt02	bin4537	3.85~6.70	2.95~3.83
qFS-D05-2	Dt05	bin5165	3.53~4.15	1.63~2.24
qFS-D11-1	Dt11	bin6330	4.66~12.08	62.03~64.45
qFS-D13-1	Dt13	bin6606	3.26~5.95	0.00~2.15
qFM-A05-1	At05	bin1333	3.58~5.58	9.54~10.55
qFM-D05-1	Dt05	bin5275	3.02~4.77	12.21~21.52
qFU-D02-3	Dt02	bin4537	5.72~7.46	2.71~3.83
qFU-D02-6	Dt02	bin4697	3.07~4.60	27.63~39.98
qFU-D11-1	Dt11	bin6322	2.59~5.59	61.94~63.14
qFE-A05-1	At05	bin1337	3.83~15.83	9.95~10.57
qFE-A11-2	At11	bin3388	2.29~3.40	67.16~81.20
qFE-D02-1	Dt02	bin4513	2.45~5.43	0.04~0.94
qFE-D13-1	Dt13	bin6606	2.44%~4.23%	0.05~1.10

基因功能 Gene function	基因名称 Gene name	染色体 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
转录因子Transcription factor	GhbHLH18	Dt04	［7］
转录因子Transcription factor	GhKNL1	Dt08	［8］
激素 Hormone	AKR2A	—	［9］
激素 Hormone	GhVTC1	Dt10	［10］
激素信号途径Hormonesignaltransduction pathwa	Gh_D02G0025	Dt02	［2］
激素信号途径Hormonesignaltransduction pathwa	Ghir_A03G020290	At03	［6］
骨架蛋白Skeletal protein	GhXLIM6	Dt02	［11］
	GhKCBP	At02	［12］
	TUA2	Dt02	［13］
	Gh_A10G1256	At10	［2］
	Ghir_D02G002580	Dt02	［6］
脂肪代谢 Fat metabolism	KCS1	—	［9］
脂肪代谢 Fat metabolism	GhKCS13/CER6	At01	［14］
细胞壁成分 Cell wall component	GhCesA2	At08/Dt08	［15］
	GhCesA4/8	At04/Dt08	［11］
	Ghir_D02G011110	Dt02	［6］
细胞代谢 Cell metabolism	Gh_D07G1799	Dt02	［1］
细胞代谢 Cell metabolism	Gh_D13G1792	Dt13	［1］
KRP家族蛋白 KRP family protein	Gh_D11G1929	Dt11	［2］
脂质信号转导 Lipids signal transduction	Ghir_D02G010340	Dt02	［6］

基因功能 Gene function	基因名称 Gene name	染色体 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
转录因子Transcription factor	GhbHLH18	Dt04	［7］
转录因子Transcription factor	GhKNL1	Dt08	［8］
激素 Hormone	AKR2A	—	［9］
激素 Hormone	GhVTC1	Dt10	［10］
激素信号途径Hormonesignaltransduction pathwa	Gh_D02G0025	Dt02	［2］
激素信号途径Hormonesignaltransduction pathwa	Ghir_A03G020290	At03	［6］
骨架蛋白Skeletal protein	GhXLIM6	Dt02	［11］
	GhKCBP	At02	［12］
	TUA2	Dt02	［13］
	Gh_A10G1256	At10	［2］
	Ghir_D02G002580	Dt02	［6］
脂肪代谢 Fat metabolism	KCS1	—	［9］
脂肪代谢 Fat metabolism	GhKCS13/CER6	At01	［14］
细胞壁成分 Cell wall component	GhCesA2	At08/Dt08	［15］
	GhCesA4/8	At04/Dt08	［11］
	Ghir_D02G011110	Dt02	［6］
细胞代谢 Cell metabolism	Gh_D07G1799	Dt02	［1］
细胞代谢 Cell metabolism	Gh_D13G1792	Dt13	［1］
KRP家族蛋白 KRP family protein	Gh_D11G1929	Dt11	［2］
脂质信号转导 Lipids signal transduction	Ghir_D02G010340	Dt02	［6］

基因功能 Gene function	基因名称 Gene name	染色体 Chromosome	参考文献 Reference
信号转导 Signal transduction	GaGSTF9	At03	［19］
	MOS2	At05	［20］
	GbEDS1	At12	［24‑25］
蛋白激酶 Protein kinase	GbSTK	At10	［26］
亲环素基因 Cyclophilin	GhCYP-3	At01	［27］
细胞壁蛋白 Cell wall protein	GbHyPRP1	Dt06	［28］
G蛋白 G protein	GhGPA	Dt05	［29］
R基因 R gene	CG03	At10	［17］
	GhDSC1	At10	［22］
	GhGLR4.8	Dt03	［23］
	GbVe	Dt09	［30］
	GbRVd	Dt11	［31］
次级代谢产物 Secondary metabolite	GhSNAT1/GhCOMT	Dt02/ Dt12	［20］
类受体激酶 Receptor-like kinases，RLKs	GhLecRKs-V.9	Dt11	［18］
木质素合成 Lignin synthesis	GhLAC15	At05	［32］
木质素合成 Lignin synthesis	GhnsLTPs	At10	［33］
活性氧相关 Reactive oxygen species related	GhPAO	At08	［34］
硬脂酰-ACP-去饱和酶家族 Stearoyl-ACP-desaturase family	GhSSI2s	At10/ Dt10	［35］
谷胱甘肽硫转移酶 Glutathione S-transferase	Gh_A09G1508	At09	［36］
	Gh_A09G1509	At09	［36］
	Gh_A09G1510	At09	［36］
植物病程相关蛋白 Plant pathogenesis-related proteins	GhNCS	Dt11	［4］