缩行匀株对小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0235

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 32-44.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0235

缩行匀株对小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制

刘盼¹(), 高珊¹, 李浩宇², 王翼², 尹宝重², 郭进考³, 甄文超¹^,⁴^,⁵()

^1.河北农业大学农学院，河北保定 071001
^2.河北农业大学植物保护学院，河北保定 071001
^3.石家庄市农林科学研究院，石家庄 050085
^4.河北农业大学，农业农村部华北节水重点实验室，河北保定 071001
^5.河北农业大学，河北省作物生长调控重点实验室，河北保定 071001

收稿日期:2023-03-28 接受日期:2023-04-12 出版日期:2023-04-01 发布日期:2023-06-26
通讯作者: 甄文超
作者简介:刘盼 E-mail：liupan198612@163.com；
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划项目(22326406D);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300900)

Effects of Row Space Reduction and Plant Space Expansion on Tillers Number in Wheat and Its Physiological Mechanism

Pan LIU¹(), Shan GAO¹, Haoyu LI², Yi WANG², Baozhong YIN², Jinkao GUO³, Wenchao ZHEN¹^,⁴^,⁵()

^1.College of Agronomy，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China
^2.College of Plant Protection，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China
^3.Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050085，China
^4.Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China
^5.Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071001，China

Received:2023-03-28 Accepted:2023-04-12 Online:2023-04-01 Published:2023-06-26
Contact: Wenchao ZHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确缩行匀株（row space reduction and plant space expansion，RRPE）对冬小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制，于2019－2021年小麦种植季，以‘马兰1号’为供试品种，设置2个行距和3个播期，研究RRPE处理对小麦冬前分蘖数和生物量的影响，及分蘖节内源激素和蔗糖对RRPE的响应特征。结果表明，RRPE处理能促进小麦冬前分蘖数（tillers number，TN）和生物量，平均增加14.5%和20.9%，并增加≥3叶的分蘖数；RRPE处理降低了3叶期至越冬期小麦分蘖节吲哚乙酸（indoleacetic acid，IAA）、独脚金内酯（strigolactones，SLs）、赤霉素（gibberellin，GA）和油菜素甾醇（brassinosterol，BR）含量，分别平均降低19.4%、17.5%、11.4%和13.6%；RRPE处理显著提高了玉米素核苷（zeatin nucleoside，ZR）、细胞分裂素（cytokinin，CTK）和蔗糖（saccharose，SA）含量，平均提高13.1%、54.4%和15.2%。RRPE处理还降低了IAA/ZR、BR/SL和BR/CTK，但提高了SLs/GA。相关分析表明，CTK、BR与冬前TN显著相关，相关系数平均为0.65。BR对TN的正向贡献最高；GA、BR/CTK对TN的负向贡献较高；IAA/ZR通过GA和IAA对TN的负向贡献较高。综上所述，RRPE处理可以促进小麦冬前分蘖、增加生物量，这与BR、GA含量，以及BR/CTK的直接作用、IAA/ZR通过GA和IAA的间接作用关系密切。

关键词: 缩行匀株, 小麦, 分蘖, 生理机制

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of row space reduction and plant space expansion （RRPE） on the tillering of winter wheat and its physiological mechanism， ‘Malan 1’ was used as test variety during the winter season from 2019 to 2021. The effects of RRPE treatment on the tillers number and biomass of wheat in the pre-winter stage were studied by setting two row spacing and three sowing dates， and the response characteristics of phytohormones and saccharose （SA） in tillers nodes to RRPE were studied. The results showed that RRPE significantly promoted the tillers number （TN） and biomass of wheat during pre-winter stage，with the average increase 14.5% and 20.9%， respectively， and increased the TN with more than three leaves. RRPE reduced the contents of indoleacetic acid （IAA）， strigolactones （SLs）， gibberellin （GA）， and brassinosterol （BR） in wheat tillers nodes from the trifolium stage to the wintering stage， with decreases of 19.4%， 17.5%， 11.4% and 13.6%， respectively. RRPE treatment significantly increased the content of zeatin nucleoside （ZR）， cytokinin （CTK） and saccharose （SA）， which increased by 13.1%， 54.4% and 15.2%， respectively. RRPE processing also reduced IAA/ZR， BR/SL and BR/CTK， but improved SLs/GA. The correlation coefficient between CTK， BR and tillers number in pre-winter were the highest with average 0.65. BR had the highest positive contribution to TN， while GA and BR/CTK had higher negative contributions to TN. The negative contributions of IAA/ZR through GA and IAA through GA to TN were relatively high. In conclusion， RRPE could promote wheat tillering and increase biomass before winter， which was most closely related to BR and GA contents， as well as the direct effects of BR/CTK， and the indirect effects of IAA/ZR through GA and IAA through GA.

Key words: row space reduction and plant space expansion, wheat, tiller, physiological mechanism

中图分类号:

S311

刘盼, 高珊, 李浩宇, 王翼, 尹宝重, 郭进考, 甄文超. 缩行匀株对小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 32-44.

Pan LIU, Shan GAO, Haoyu LI, Yi WANG, Baozhong YIN, Jinkao GUO, Wenchao ZHEN. Effects of Row Space Reduction and Plant Space Expansion on Tillers Number in Wheat and Its Physiological Mechanism[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 32-44.

图/表 10

表1 不同处理下各生育期的灌水量 (m3·hm-2)

Table 1 Irrigation amount of wheat fields under different treatments in different periods

处理Treatment		2019—2020		2020—2021
处理Treatment		播前 Before sowing	拔节期 Jointing stage	播前 Before sowing	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthei stage
15.0RS	SD1	538.5	873.0	384.0	631.5	826.5
	SD2	552.0	852.0	412.5	606.0	831.0
	SD3	580.5	798.0	423.0	568.5	790.5
7.5RS	SD1	568.5	822.0	336.0	591.0	756.0
	SD2	594.0	766.5	388.5	564.0	733.5
	SD3	550.5	723.0	393.0	525.0	678.0

表2 不同处理下小麦的茎（蘖）数量及生物量

Table 2 Tillers number and biomass under different treatments

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		苗数 Seedling number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	分蘖数Tillers number			生物量Biomass
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		苗数 Seedling number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	单株 Per plant	≥3叶 ≥3 leaf	≥3叶占比 ≥3 leaf ratio/%	单株 Per plant/g	分蘖 Tiller/g	分蘖占比 Ratio of tiller/%
2019	SD1	15.0RS	342.0	2.7 b	1.9 b	70.6 a	0.39 b	0.19 b	48.8 b
	SD1	7.5RS	327.0	3.5 a	2.4 a	67.9 a	0.48 a	0.26 a	53.9 a
	SD2	15.0RS	370.5	2.1 b	1.5 b	71.9 b	0.33 b	0.14 b	40.5 b
	SD2	7.5RS	361.5	2.8 a	2.3 a	81.9 a	0.40 a	0.19 a	48.9 a
	SD3	15.0RS	409.5	1.5 b	0.9 b	61.7 b	0.22 b	0.07 b	31.6 b
	SD3	7.5RS	423.0	1.8 a	1.4 a	75.8 a	0.26 a	0.11 a	42.6 a
2020	SD1	15.0RS	328.5	2.9 b	2.1 b	71.3 a	0.43 b	0.21 b	49.1 b
	SD1	7.5RS	339.0	3.6 a	2.6 a	71.8 a	0.49 a	0.27 a	55.9 a
	SD2	15.0RS	369.0	2.3 b	1.8 b	78.2 b	0.36 b	0.16 b	43.4 b
	SD2	7.5RS	366.0	2.9 a	2.4 a	84.0 a	0.43 a	0.22 a	49.5 a
	SD3	15.0RS	403.5	1.2 b	0.8 b	64.2 b	0.23 b	0.08 b	33.5 b
	SD3	7.5RS	409.5	1.7 a	1.3 a	75.0 a	0.28 a	0.11 a	39.5 a
年份 Y			ns	ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns
播期 SD			**	**	**	ns	**	**	**
行距 RS			ns	**	**	**	**	**	**
年份×播期Y×SD			ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×行距Y×RS			ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
播期×行距SD×RS			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×播期×行距Y×SD×RS			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

图1 不同处理下冬小麦分蘖节的吲哚乙酸与玉米素核苷含量注：*和**分别表示7.5RS与15.0RS处理间在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著；7.5RS-15.0RS表示7.5RS和15.0RS处理间的差值；图中不同颜色横线表示含量分布。

Fig. 1 Contents of IAA and ZR in wheat tiller nodes under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

图2 不同处理下冬小麦分蘖节的独角金内酯和赤霉素含量注：*和**分别表示7.5RS与15.0RS处理间在P<0.05 和P<0.01水平差异显著；7.5RS-15.0RS表示7.5RS和15.0RS处理间的差值；图中不同颜色横线表示含量分布。

Fig. 2 Contents of SLs and GA in wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

图3 不同处理下冬小麦分蘖节的油菜素甾醇和细胞分裂素含量注：*和**分别表示7.5RS与15.0RS处理间在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著；7.5RS-15.0RS表示7.5RS和15.0RS处理间的差值；图中不同颜色横线表示含量分布。

Fig. 3 Contents of BR and CTK in wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

图4 不同处理下冬小麦分蘖节的IAA/ZR和SLs/GA注：*和**分别表示7.5RS与15.0RS处理间在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著；7.5RS-15.0RS表示7.5RS和15.0RS处理间的差值；图中不同颜色横线表示比值分布。

Fig. 4 IAA/ZR and SLs/GA of wheat tillers node different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of ratio.

图5 不同处理下冬小麦分蘖节的BR/SLs和BR/CTK注：*和**分别表示7.5RS与15.0RS处理间在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著；7.5RS-15.0RS表示7.5RS和15.0RS处理间的差值；图中不同颜色横线表示比值分布。

Fig. 5 BR/SLs and BR/CTK of wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of ratio.

图6 不同处理下冬小麦分蘖节的蔗糖含量注：*和**分别表示7.5RS与15.0RS处理间在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著；7.5RS-15.0RS表示7.5RS和15.0RS处理间的差值；图中不同颜色横线表示含量分布。

Fig. 6 Content of SA in wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

图7 缩行匀株条件下小麦分蘖数与分蘖节激素、蔗糖含量的相关性注：*表示在P<0.05水平显著相关。

Fig. 7 Correlation between tillers number and phytohormone， SA content of wheat tillers node under RRPE treatmentNote：* indicates significant correlation at P<0.05 level.

图8 缩行匀株处理下小麦分蘖节激素、蔗糖对分蘖数的贡献效应

Fig. 8 Contribution effects of phytoormones and SA in tillers node on tillers number under RRPE treatment

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Effects of Row Space Reduction and Plant Space Expansion on Tillers Number in Wheat and Its Physiological Mechanism

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