中国农业科技导报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 160-167.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2019.1011

• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

生草对干旱荒漠区苹果光合特性与叶片质量的影响

陈俊1,张琦1,2*,杨梦宇1,袁振杨1   

  1. 1.塔里木大学植物科学学院, 南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300;  2.塔里木大学塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室, 新疆 阿拉尔 843300
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-02 接受日期:2020-02-09 出版日期:2021-05-15 发布日期:2021-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 张琦 E-mail：1041805650@qq.com
  • 作者简介:陈俊 E-mail：1014227856@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    兵团师域发展创新引导计划项目(2017BA036）

Impacts of Orchard Herbage-mulching on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Leaf Quality of Apples in Arid Desert Area

CHEN Jun1, ZHANG Qi1,2*, YANG Mengyu1, YUAN Zhenyang1   

  1. 1.National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High-quality and High-quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Special Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang, School of Plant Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang Alar 843300, China; 
    2.Tarim Basin Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization, Tarim University, Xinjiang Alar 843300, China
  • Received:2019-12-02 Accepted:2020-02-09 Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-05-10

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摘要： 为探究干旱荒漠区生草覆盖对果园苹果光合特性和叶片质量的影响，选用富士苹果，设置清耕和生草覆盖处理，研究不同处理对苹果叶片光合特性日变化及叶片质量的影响。结果表明，生草覆盖与清耕处理的果园空气相对湿度（RH）及苹果叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、水分利用率(WUE)及光能利用率（LUE）的日变化趋势相似，生草覆盖提高了苹果叶片的Pn、Gs、RH、WUE、LUE，降低了叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及空气温度（Ta）。通径分析发现，清耕处理的Ta对Pn有限制作用，Gs、Ci、Tr和RH是Pn的主要决定因子；生草覆盖处理的Ta和RH对Pn有限制作用，Gs、Ci和Tr是Pn的主要决定因子。果园生草覆盖增加了叶片的鲜重、干重、比叶重、叶绿素含量及K元素含量。研究表明果园生草覆盖适合在干旱荒漠区推广使用，为干旱荒漠区果园生草覆盖提供理论依据。

关键词: 干旱荒漠区, 苹果, 生草覆盖, 光合特性, 叶片质量

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of natural herbage-mulching on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf quality of apple in arid desert area, apple variety Fuji was selected, the effects of different treatments on diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics and leaf quality of apple were studied by setting up clear tillage and herbage-mulching treatments. The results showed that the diurnal changes of relative humidity (RH) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs),  water use efficiency (WUE) and light energy use efficiency (LUE) of apple leaves in herbage-mulching treatment were similar to those in clean tillage treatment. Herbage-mulching increased the levels of Pn, Gs, RH, WUE and LUE of apple leaves, and decreased those of Ci, Tr and air temperature (Ta). Path analysis showed that Ta had a limiting effect on Pn in clean tillage treatment, and Gs, Ci, Tr  and RH were the main determinants of Pn. Ta and RH had a limiting effect on Pn  in herbage-mulching treatment, Gs, Ci, and Tr were the main determinants of Pn. Fresh weight, dry weight, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content and K+ content of leaves  increased in herbage-mulching treatment, compared to clean tillage treatment. The present research demonstrated that herbage-mulching in orchard was suitable for popularization and application in arid desert areas, and provided  basis reference for herbage-mulching of orchard in arid desert area.

Key words: arid desert area, apple, herbage-mulching, photosynthetic characteristics, leaf quality

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