中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 57-68.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0191
王为1(), 赵强1,2(
), 穆妮热·阿卜杜艾尼1, 阿里木·阿木力null1, 李欣欣1, 田阳青1
收稿日期:
2022-03-15
接受日期:
2022-04-12
出版日期:
2023-09-15
发布日期:
2023-09-28
通讯作者:
赵强
作者简介:
王为 E-mail:2467753962@qq.com;
基金资助:
Wei WANG1(), Qiang ZHAO1,2(
), Abuduaini Munire·1, Alimu·Amuli1, Xinxin LI1, Yangqing TIAN1
Received:
2022-03-15
Accepted:
2022-04-12
Online:
2023-09-15
Published:
2023-09-28
Contact:
Qiang ZHAO
摘要:
为研究烯效唑复配不同外源物质(胺鲜脂、噻苯隆、调环酸钙、缩节胺)对棉花化学封顶及增产提质的调控效应,以新陆中84号棉花品种为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,于化学封顶前(7月5日)和化学打顶时(7月15日)进行叶面喷施,测定棉株株型、光合作用、干物质积累与分配及产量和品质指标。结果表明,各处理间棉花株高均无显著差异,而化学封顶后棉花的株宽均有所减小,但主茎叶片数和果枝数均有一定程度增加。稀效唑复配处理可以有效改善棉株的冠层结构,其中烯效唑复配噻苯隆处理的棉花叶面积指数和冠层开度在各个时期均最高,平均叶倾角在花铃期较人工打顶对照增加了3.21%。稀效唑复配处理可以有效促进叶片光合作用,其中烯效唑复配噻苯隆处理棉花的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度均最高,较人工打顶对照分别增加了87.54%、90.12%、170.03%和27.77%,且其单株生殖器官干物质总重也最高,达到62.19 g,较人工打顶对照增加了28.04%。该研究最优搭配为烯效唑复配噻苯隆(W2)处理,其单株结铃数5.43、单铃重6.24 g、籽棉产量7 330.29 kg·hm-2、皮棉产量3 302.87 kg·hm-2,且对纤维品质影响最小。结果为新疆棉花的全程机械化进程提供理论依据和实践参考。
中图分类号:
王为, 赵强, 穆妮热·阿卜杜艾尼, 阿里木·阿木力null, 李欣欣, 田阳青. 烯效唑复配不同外源物质对棉花化学封顶及产量品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 57-68.
Wei WANG, Qiang ZHAO, Abuduaini Munire·, Alimu·Amuli, Xinxin LI, Yangqing TIAN. Effects of Different Exogenous Substances on Chemical Capping and Yield and Quality of Cotton[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 57-68.
处理 Treatment | 供试药剂 Test drug | 第1次用量 First dose/(mL·hm-2) | 第2次用量 Second dose/(mL·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|
W1 | 5%烯效唑+8%胺鲜酯+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+8% amine fresh ester+auxiliaries | 45+30+30 | 225+150+150 |
W2 | 5%烯效唑+0.1%噻苯隆+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+0.1% thiobenlon + auxiliaries | 45+30+30 | 225+150+150 |
W3 | 5%烯效唑+5%调环酸钙+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+5% calcium cyclotunate + auxiliaries | 45+45+30 | 225+225+150 |
W4 | 5%烯效唑+98%缩节胺+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+98% benzylamine + auxiliaries | 45+30+30 | 225+150+150 |
D-CK | 5 %烯效唑+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+auxiliaries | 45+30 | 225+150 |
W-CK | 清水+人工打顶 Water+manual topping | — | — |
表1 2次药剂施用量
Table 1 Dosage of the two dose
处理 Treatment | 供试药剂 Test drug | 第1次用量 First dose/(mL·hm-2) | 第2次用量 Second dose/(mL·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|
W1 | 5%烯效唑+8%胺鲜酯+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+8% amine fresh ester+auxiliaries | 45+30+30 | 225+150+150 |
W2 | 5%烯效唑+0.1%噻苯隆+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+0.1% thiobenlon + auxiliaries | 45+30+30 | 225+150+150 |
W3 | 5%烯效唑+5%调环酸钙+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+5% calcium cyclotunate + auxiliaries | 45+45+30 | 225+225+150 |
W4 | 5%烯效唑+98%缩节胺+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+98% benzylamine + auxiliaries | 45+30+30 | 225+150+150 |
D-CK | 5 %烯效唑+自封顶助剂 5% uniconazole+auxiliaries | 45+30 | 225+150 |
W-CK | 清水+人工打顶 Water+manual topping | — | — |
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height | 株宽 Plant width | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 主茎叶片数 Number of main stem leaves | 果枝台数 Branch number | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数值 Value/cm | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value/cm | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value/mm | 效应因子EI | 数值 Value | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value | 效应因子 EI | |
W1 | 87.40 a | 7.28 | 39.47 ab | -10.34 | 9.05 a | 9.83 | 16.27 ab | 10.83 | 9.93 b | 14.53 |
W2 | 89.87 a | 10.31 | 37.60 ab | -14.58 | 8.97 a | 8.86 | 17.53 a | 19.41 | 10.93 a | 26.07 |
W3 | 81.27 a | -0.25 | 35.13 b | -20.20 | 8.75 a | 6.19 | 16.40 ab | 11.72 | 9.66 b | 11.42 |
W4 | 89.27 a | 9.57 | 37.33 ab | -15.20 | 9.01 a | 9.34 | 16.80 ab | 14.44 | 10.07 ab | 16.15 |
D-CK | 86.88 a | 6.64 | 42.10 a | -4.36 | 8.86 a | 7.52 | 16.48 ab | 12.26 | 10.43 ab | 20.30 |
W-CK | 81.47 a | — | 44.02 a | — | 8.24 a | — | 14.68 b | — | 8.67 b | — |
表2 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花的农艺性状
Table 2 Agronomic characters of cotton with different exogenous substances combined with uniconazole
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height | 株宽 Plant width | 茎粗 Stem diameter | 主茎叶片数 Number of main stem leaves | 果枝台数 Branch number | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数值 Value/cm | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value/cm | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value/mm | 效应因子EI | 数值 Value | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value | 效应因子 EI | |
W1 | 87.40 a | 7.28 | 39.47 ab | -10.34 | 9.05 a | 9.83 | 16.27 ab | 10.83 | 9.93 b | 14.53 |
W2 | 89.87 a | 10.31 | 37.60 ab | -14.58 | 8.97 a | 8.86 | 17.53 a | 19.41 | 10.93 a | 26.07 |
W3 | 81.27 a | -0.25 | 35.13 b | -20.20 | 8.75 a | 6.19 | 16.40 ab | 11.72 | 9.66 b | 11.42 |
W4 | 89.27 a | 9.57 | 37.33 ab | -15.20 | 9.01 a | 9.34 | 16.80 ab | 14.44 | 10.07 ab | 16.15 |
D-CK | 86.88 a | 6.64 | 42.10 a | -4.36 | 8.86 a | 7.52 | 16.48 ab | 12.26 | 10.43 ab | 20.30 |
W-CK | 81.47 a | — | 44.02 a | — | 8.24 a | — | 14.68 b | — | 8.67 b | — |
图1 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花的叶面积指数注:同一日期中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在 P<0.05 水平差异显著。
Fig. 1 Leaf area index of cotton mixed with different exogenous substancesNote: Different lowercase letters on the same date indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.
图2 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花的冠层开度注:同一日期中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在 P<0.05 水平差异显著。
Fig. 2 Canopy opening of cotton after combining uniconazole with different exogenous substancesNote: Different lowercase letters on the same date indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.
图3 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花在铃期(8月5日)的平均叶倾角注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间在 P<0.05 水平差异显著。
Fig. 3 Average leaf inclination of cotton treated with lebulobutrazol mixed with different exogenous substances at bolling stage (August 5)Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.
图5 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花在铃期(8月5日)的光合特性注:不同小写字母表示不同处理间在 P<0.05 水平差异显著。
Fig. 5 Photosynthetic characteristics of cotton treated with lebutrazol complex with different exogenous substances at bolling stage (August 5)Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.
时期 Stage | 处理 Treatment | 单株干物质积累量/(g·株-1) Dry matter accumulation per plant/(g·plant-1) | 干物质分配比例 Proportion of dry matter distribution/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总量 Total | 营养器官 Nutritive organ | 生殖器官 Reproductive organ | 营养器官 Nutritive organ | 生殖器官 Reproductive organ | ||
初花期 Initial flowering stage | W1 | 32.46 a | 25.27 a | 7.18 a | 78.01 a | 21.99 a |
W2 | 30.28 a | 24.01 a | 6.27 a | 79.36 a | 20.64 a | |
W3 | 36.44 a | 28.91 a | 7.53 a | 79.36 a | 20.64 a | |
W4 | 31.44 a | 23.62 a | 7.82 a | 75.50 a | 24.50 a | |
D-CK | 31.82 a | 26.40 a | 5.42 a | 83.08 a | 16.92 a | |
W-CK | 31.65 a | 24.81 a | 6.84 a | 78.69 a | 21.31 a | |
盛花期 Full-bloom stage | W1 | 37.24 a | 26.05 a | 11.20 a | 69.53 b | 30.47 a |
W2 | 36.68 a | 28.11 a | 8.56 a | 76.84 a | 23.16 b | |
W3 | 35.90 a | 25.34 a | 10.55 a | 70.56 ab | 29.44 ab | |
W4 | 38.13 a | 27.38 a | 10.75 a | 71.38 ab | 28.62 ab | |
D-CK | 41.07 a | 30.93 a | 10.14 a | 75.09 ab | 24.91 ab | |
W-CK | 41.42 a | 31.62 a | 9.80 a | 76.30 ab | 23.70 ab | |
初铃期 Initial bell stage | W1 | 63.79 ab | 29.76 a | 34.03 b | 46.42 a | 53.58 a |
W2 | 70.75 ab | 34.94 a | 35.81 ab | 48.93 a | 51.07 a | |
W3 | 79.22 a | 35.01 a | 44.22 a | 44.31 a | 55.69 a | |
W4 | 60.04 b | 27.74 a | 32.29 b | 46.15 a | 53.85 a | |
D-CK | 67.25 ab | 34.23 a | 33.02 b | 51.20 a | 48.80 a | |
W-CK | 76.21 ab | 35.51 a | 40.70 ab | 46.67 a | 53.33 a | |
盛铃期 Full-bell stage | W1 | 75.42 a | 28.96 a | 46.46 ab | 38.24 b | 61.76 a |
W2 | 81.05 a | 30.49 a | 50.56 a | 37.58 b | 62.42 a | |
W3 | 75.19 a | 29.70 a | 45.49 ab | 39.63 ab | 60.37 ab | |
W4 | 80.05 a | 35.24 a | 44.81 ab | 43.41 ab | 56.59 ab | |
D-CK | 73.66 a | 33.63 a | 40.03 b | 45.22 ab | 54.78 ab | |
W-CK | 75.60 a | 35.61 a | 39.99 b | 47.14 a | 52.87 b | |
吐絮期 Wadding stage | W1 | 91.31 a | 31.17 a | 60.12 a | 33.85 a | 66.10 a |
W2 | 96.27 a | 34.08 a | 62.19 a | 35.20 a | 64.80 a | |
W3 | 83.01 a | 29.95 a | 53.06 ab | 36.17 a | 63.83 a | |
W4 | 90.64 a | 37.14 a | 53.50 ab | 40.13 a | 59.87 a | |
D-CK | 92.41 a | 33.52 a | 58.89 a | 36.00 a | 64.00 a | |
W-CK | 84.04 a | 35.46 a | 48.57 b | 42.36 a | 57.64 a |
表3 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花的干物质积累与分配
Table 3 Dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton treated with different exogenous substances in combination with unbuidazole
时期 Stage | 处理 Treatment | 单株干物质积累量/(g·株-1) Dry matter accumulation per plant/(g·plant-1) | 干物质分配比例 Proportion of dry matter distribution/% | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总量 Total | 营养器官 Nutritive organ | 生殖器官 Reproductive organ | 营养器官 Nutritive organ | 生殖器官 Reproductive organ | ||
初花期 Initial flowering stage | W1 | 32.46 a | 25.27 a | 7.18 a | 78.01 a | 21.99 a |
W2 | 30.28 a | 24.01 a | 6.27 a | 79.36 a | 20.64 a | |
W3 | 36.44 a | 28.91 a | 7.53 a | 79.36 a | 20.64 a | |
W4 | 31.44 a | 23.62 a | 7.82 a | 75.50 a | 24.50 a | |
D-CK | 31.82 a | 26.40 a | 5.42 a | 83.08 a | 16.92 a | |
W-CK | 31.65 a | 24.81 a | 6.84 a | 78.69 a | 21.31 a | |
盛花期 Full-bloom stage | W1 | 37.24 a | 26.05 a | 11.20 a | 69.53 b | 30.47 a |
W2 | 36.68 a | 28.11 a | 8.56 a | 76.84 a | 23.16 b | |
W3 | 35.90 a | 25.34 a | 10.55 a | 70.56 ab | 29.44 ab | |
W4 | 38.13 a | 27.38 a | 10.75 a | 71.38 ab | 28.62 ab | |
D-CK | 41.07 a | 30.93 a | 10.14 a | 75.09 ab | 24.91 ab | |
W-CK | 41.42 a | 31.62 a | 9.80 a | 76.30 ab | 23.70 ab | |
初铃期 Initial bell stage | W1 | 63.79 ab | 29.76 a | 34.03 b | 46.42 a | 53.58 a |
W2 | 70.75 ab | 34.94 a | 35.81 ab | 48.93 a | 51.07 a | |
W3 | 79.22 a | 35.01 a | 44.22 a | 44.31 a | 55.69 a | |
W4 | 60.04 b | 27.74 a | 32.29 b | 46.15 a | 53.85 a | |
D-CK | 67.25 ab | 34.23 a | 33.02 b | 51.20 a | 48.80 a | |
W-CK | 76.21 ab | 35.51 a | 40.70 ab | 46.67 a | 53.33 a | |
盛铃期 Full-bell stage | W1 | 75.42 a | 28.96 a | 46.46 ab | 38.24 b | 61.76 a |
W2 | 81.05 a | 30.49 a | 50.56 a | 37.58 b | 62.42 a | |
W3 | 75.19 a | 29.70 a | 45.49 ab | 39.63 ab | 60.37 ab | |
W4 | 80.05 a | 35.24 a | 44.81 ab | 43.41 ab | 56.59 ab | |
D-CK | 73.66 a | 33.63 a | 40.03 b | 45.22 ab | 54.78 ab | |
W-CK | 75.60 a | 35.61 a | 39.99 b | 47.14 a | 52.87 b | |
吐絮期 Wadding stage | W1 | 91.31 a | 31.17 a | 60.12 a | 33.85 a | 66.10 a |
W2 | 96.27 a | 34.08 a | 62.19 a | 35.20 a | 64.80 a | |
W3 | 83.01 a | 29.95 a | 53.06 ab | 36.17 a | 63.83 a | |
W4 | 90.64 a | 37.14 a | 53.50 ab | 40.13 a | 59.87 a | |
D-CK | 92.41 a | 33.52 a | 58.89 a | 36.00 a | 64.00 a | |
W-CK | 84.04 a | 35.46 a | 48.57 b | 42.36 a | 57.64 a |
处理 Treatment | 收获株数 Plant No./(104·hm-2) | 单株结铃数 Bolls per plant | 单铃重 Boll weight/g | 衣分 Lint percentage/% | 籽棉产量 seed yield/(kg·hm-2) | 皮棉产量 Lint yield/(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 21.70 a | 5.17±0.01 ab | 6.09±0.08 ab | 45.59±0.13 a | 6 828.41±109.69 ab | 3 113.57±58.53 ab |
W2 | 21.65 a | 5.43±0.16 a | 6.24±0.11 a | 45.06±0.15 ab | 7 330.29±160.55 a | 3 302.87±69.66 a |
W3 | 21.68 a | 5.02±0.07 ab | 5.89±0.11 bc | 45.29±0.29 a | 6 403.04±39.84 bc | 2 899.72±6.90 b |
W4 | 21.71 a | 5.28±0.37 ab | 5.66±0.01 c | 45.13±0.48 a | 6 494.49±467.67 abc | 2 929.12±200.34 b |
D-CK | 21.67 a | 5.20±0.12 ab | 5.80±0.07 bc | 44.57±0.37 ab | 6 535.45±231.01 abc | 2 911.00±80.84 b |
W-CK | 21.68 a | 4.74±0.16 b | 5.58±0.17 c | 44.06±0.36 b | 5 739.29±273.03 c | 2 530.16±135.16 c |
表4 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花的产量及其构成因素
Table 4 Yield and its components of cotton treated with uniconazole compiex with different exogenous substances
处理 Treatment | 收获株数 Plant No./(104·hm-2) | 单株结铃数 Bolls per plant | 单铃重 Boll weight/g | 衣分 Lint percentage/% | 籽棉产量 seed yield/(kg·hm-2) | 皮棉产量 Lint yield/(kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1 | 21.70 a | 5.17±0.01 ab | 6.09±0.08 ab | 45.59±0.13 a | 6 828.41±109.69 ab | 3 113.57±58.53 ab |
W2 | 21.65 a | 5.43±0.16 a | 6.24±0.11 a | 45.06±0.15 ab | 7 330.29±160.55 a | 3 302.87±69.66 a |
W3 | 21.68 a | 5.02±0.07 ab | 5.89±0.11 bc | 45.29±0.29 a | 6 403.04±39.84 bc | 2 899.72±6.90 b |
W4 | 21.71 a | 5.28±0.37 ab | 5.66±0.01 c | 45.13±0.48 a | 6 494.49±467.67 abc | 2 929.12±200.34 b |
D-CK | 21.67 a | 5.20±0.12 ab | 5.80±0.07 bc | 44.57±0.37 ab | 6 535.45±231.01 abc | 2 911.00±80.84 b |
W-CK | 21.68 a | 4.74±0.16 b | 5.58±0.17 c | 44.06±0.36 b | 5 739.29±273.03 c | 2 530.16±135.16 c |
处理 Treatment | 纤维长度 Fiber length | 整齐度指数 Uniformity index | 断裂比强度 Specific breaking strength | 伸长率 Elongation rate | 成熟度比 Fiber maturity | 马克隆值 Micron value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数值 Value/mm | 效应因子EI | 数值 Value/% | 效应因子EI | 数值 Value/(cN·tex-1) | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value/% | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value | 效应因子EI | 数值Value | 效应因子EI | |
W1 | 29.18 a | 1.64 | 82.57 a | -0.96 | 29.43 a | 0.00 | 6.67 a | 0.00 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.49 a | 10.59 |
W2 | 29.26 a | 1.92 | 83.73 a | 0.43 | 31.97 a | 8.63 | 6.73 a | 0.90 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.34 abc | 6.90 |
W3 | 29.50 a | 2.75 | 82.80 a | -0.68 | 30.53 a | 3.74 | 6.73 a | 0.90 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.72 a | 16.26 |
W4 | 28.51 a | -0.70 | 82.57 a | -0.96 | 31.30 a | 6.35 | 6.67 a | 0.00 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.43 ab | 9.11 |
D-CK | 28.75 a | 0.14 | 82.70 a | -0.80 | 31.37 a | 6.59 | 6.67 a | 0.00 | 0.83 a | 1.22 | 4.00 c | -1.48 |
W-CK | 28.71 a | — | 83.37 a | — | 29.43 a | — | 6.67 a | — | 0.82 a | — | 4.06 bc | — |
表5 烯效唑复配不同外源物质处理后棉花的纤维品质及其效应值
Table 5 Fiber quality and effect value of cotton treated with different exogenous substances by unlobutrazol
处理 Treatment | 纤维长度 Fiber length | 整齐度指数 Uniformity index | 断裂比强度 Specific breaking strength | 伸长率 Elongation rate | 成熟度比 Fiber maturity | 马克隆值 Micron value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数值 Value/mm | 效应因子EI | 数值 Value/% | 效应因子EI | 数值 Value/(cN·tex-1) | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value/% | 效应因子 EI | 数值 Value | 效应因子EI | 数值Value | 效应因子EI | |
W1 | 29.18 a | 1.64 | 82.57 a | -0.96 | 29.43 a | 0.00 | 6.67 a | 0.00 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.49 a | 10.59 |
W2 | 29.26 a | 1.92 | 83.73 a | 0.43 | 31.97 a | 8.63 | 6.73 a | 0.90 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.34 abc | 6.90 |
W3 | 29.50 a | 2.75 | 82.80 a | -0.68 | 30.53 a | 3.74 | 6.73 a | 0.90 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.72 a | 16.26 |
W4 | 28.51 a | -0.70 | 82.57 a | -0.96 | 31.30 a | 6.35 | 6.67 a | 0.00 | 0.84 a | 2.44 | 4.43 ab | 9.11 |
D-CK | 28.75 a | 0.14 | 82.70 a | -0.80 | 31.37 a | 6.59 | 6.67 a | 0.00 | 0.83 a | 1.22 | 4.00 c | -1.48 |
W-CK | 28.71 a | — | 83.37 a | — | 29.43 a | — | 6.67 a | — | 0.82 a | — | 4.06 bc | — |
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