Effects of Intercropping Pinellia ternata on Growth， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0009

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the influence of flue-cured tobacco intercropping with Pinellia ternata on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and economic benefit， 4 treatments were set up including flue-cured tobacco monoculture （CK） and flue-cured tobacco intercropping with Pinellia ternata according to 1∶2 （C1）， 1∶3 （C2） and 1∶4 （C3）. The agronomic characters， disease resistance， yield， quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were determined. The results showed that， compared with CK， the model of flue-cured tobacco intercropping with Pinellia ternata had significant effects on the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco， which significantly increased plant height and maximum leaf area， and improved canopy morphology. In terms of controlling diseases and insect pests， the intercropping model with Pinellia ternata could significantly reduce the occurrence of red spot disease， which the relative control effect was 45% （C1）， 30.7% （C2） and 38.2% （C3）， respectively. Compared with CK， the intercropping model with Pinellia ternata increased the total amount of neutral aroma substances in the upper leaves， middle leaves and lower leaves， and improved fine tobacco ratio and high economic benefit. Among 3 intercropping treatments， C1 treatment showed that the comprehensive benefit increased by 6.1% than CK treatment， which provided a new way to reduce obstacles of tobacco continuous cropping and increase economic income of farmers.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, Pinellia ternata, intercropping, yield, quality

摘要：

为探明烤烟间作半夏对烤烟产量、品质和经济效益的影响，设置烤烟单作（CK）及半夏与烤烟分别按照1∶2（C1）、1∶3 （C2）、1∶4（C3）的比例进行间作共4个处理，研究烤烟间作半夏对烤烟农艺性状、抗病性、产量、品质和经济性状的影响。结果表明，相对于单作，烤烟间作半夏显著提高了烤烟的株高和最大叶面积，改善了烤烟冠层形态；显著减少了赤星病病害的发生，相对防治效果为45%（C1）、30.7%（C2）和38.2%（C3）。并且，间作半夏提高了烤烟上、中、下部叶的中性致香物质总量，改善了烟叶品质；提高了上等烟比例和经济效益。其中，半夏与烤烟1∶2间作处理的综合收效较单作提高6.1%，整体表现最好，为缓解烟草连作障碍、实现助农增收提供了新途径。

关键词: 烤烟, 半夏, 间作, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S572

Wen ZHOU, Xiaoheng GUO, Rui XU, Xiaoli WANG, Huiwei NIU, Dan HAN, Huifang SHAO. Effects of Intercropping Pinellia ternata on Growth， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 161-169.

周文, 郭笑恒, 徐锐, 王晓丽, 牛慧伟, 韩丹, 邵惠芳. 烤烟间作半夏对烤烟生长及产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 161-169.

Figures/Tables 9

References 20

1	李远远.连作烟田土壤微生物多样性及微生物制剂应用研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2017.
	LI Y Y. Microbal diversity in continuous cropped tobacco field and application of microbial agents [D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2017
2	LIU J J, YAO Q, LI Y S, et al.. Continuous cropping of soybean alters the bulk and rhizospheric soil fungal communities in a mollisol of Northeast PR China [J]. Land Degrad. Dev., 2019, 30(14):1725-1738.
3	白羽祥,蔺忠龙,邓小鹏,等.基于逐步回归模型的连作植烟土壤化学性状和酶活性关系分析[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(12):2387-2393.
	BAI Y X, LIN Z L, DENG X P, et al.. Analysis of relationships between chemical properties and enzyme activity in continuous cropping tobacco-planted soil based on stepwise regression model [J]. J. South Agric., 2018, 49(12):2387-2393.
4	阮维斌,王敬国,张福锁,等.根际微生态系统理论在连作障碍中的应用[J].中国农业科技导报,1999(4):53-58.
	RUAN W B, WANG J G, ZHANG F S, et al.. The application of rhizosphere micro-ecosystem theory to continuous cropping problem [J]. China Agric. Sci. Technol., 1999(4):53-58.
5	孙会.连作烟田土壤肥力变化及微生物制剂应用研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2016.
	SUN H. The changes of soil fertility in continuous cropped tobacco field and application of microbial agents [D]. Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou University, 2016.
6	白艳茹,马建华,樊明寿.马铃薯连作对土壤酶活性的影响[J].作物杂志,2010(3):34-36.
	BAI Y R, MA J H, FAN M S. Effect of potato continuous cropping on activities of soil enzymes [J]. Crops, 2010(3):34-36.
7	周广苗. 烤烟和丹参轮间作对土壤生物学性状及烟叶品质的影响[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学,2020.
	ZHOU G M. Effects of rotation (intercropping) between flue-cured tobacco and salvia miltiorrhiza on soil biological properties and tobacco leaf quality [D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2020.
8	高林,王新伟,申国明,等.不同连作年限植烟土壤细菌和真菌群落结构差异[J].中国农业科技导报,2019,21(8):147-152.
	GAO L, WANG X W, SHEN G M, et al.. Differences of bacteria and fungi community structure in tobacco-planting soilof different continuous cropping years [J]. China Agric. Sci. Technol., 2019, 21(8):147-152.
9	张开虹,桑维钧,何世芳,等.不同作物间作对烤烟根际土壤细菌群落组成及功能的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2020,48(4):80-86.
	ZHANG K H, SANG W J, HE S F, et al.. Effects of inter cropping with different crops on bacterial community composition and function in rhizosphere soil of tobacco [J]. Guizhou Agric. Sci., 2020, 48(4):80-86.
10	郝艳茹,劳秀荣,孙伟红,等.小麦/玉米间作作物根系与根际微环境的交互作用[J].生态与农村环境学报,2003,19(4): 18-22.
	HAO Y R, LAO X R, SUN W H, et al.. Interaction of roots and rhizosphere in the wheat-maize intercropping system [J]. J. Ecol. Rural Environ., 2003,19(4):18-22.
11	国家烟草专卖局. 烟草农艺性状调查方法: [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
12	国家烟草专卖局. 烟草病虫害分级及调查方法: [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社,2008.
13	韦凤杰,宋六明,苏新宏,等.不同地表覆盖对烤烟香气成分和含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2017,51(5):609-614.
	WEI F J, SONG L M, SU X H, et al.. Effects of different mulching method on content of aroma components and flavor quality in flue-cured tobacco leaves [J]. J. Henan Agric.Univ., 2017, 51(5):609-614.
14	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M].第二版.北京:农业出版社,1991:19-107.
15	张宗锦,闫芳芳,孔垂旭,等.烤烟菽麻间作对烟草根结线虫防效及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2019,40(2):52-56.
	ZHANG Z J, YAN F F, KONG C X, et al.. Effects of intercropping flue-cured tobacco with Crotalaria junce L. on the control of root-knot nematodes, yield and output of tobacco [J]. Tob. Sci. China, 2019, 40(2):52-56.
16	赵紫华,时培建,门兴元,等. 基于微景观试验模型系统下作物丰富度对害虫-天敌关系的影响[J].中国科学:生命科学,2013,43(7): 548-556.
	ZHAO Z H, SHI P J, MEN X Y, et al.. Effect of crop richness on pest natural enemy relationship based on micro landscape experimental model system [J]. Sci. Sin. (Vitae), 2013, 43(7):548-556.
17	薛超群,牟文君,奚家勤,等.烤烟不同间作对烟草黑胫病防控效果的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(3):77-79.
	XUE C Q, MU W J, XI J Q, et al.. Effect of different crops intercropping with flue-cured tobacco on tobacco black shank d disease [J]. Tob. Sci. China, 2015, 36(3):77-79.
18	彭晟,陈兴,杨莹,等.间作芳香植物对烤烟农艺和经济性状的影响初探[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2014,29(1):144-148.
	PENG S, CHEN X, YANG Y, et al.. The preliminary study on effect of intercropping tobacco with aromatic plants on a gronomic and economic characters [J]. J. Yunnan Agric. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2014, 29(1):144-148.
19	唐世凯,刘丽芳,李永梅,郑毅.烤烟间套草木樨、甘薯对烟叶产量和品质的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2005(4):518-521, 533.
	TANG S K, LIU L F, LI Y M, et al.. Effects of intercropped with Platycodon on main agronomic traits and economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco [J]. J. Yunnan Agric.Univ., 2005(4):518-521, 533.
20	曲运琴, 姚勇, 任东植,等.晋南半夏与小麦玉米间套作模式研究[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(4):357-360, 374.
	QU Y Q, YAO Y, REN D Z, et al.. Intercropping patterns of wheat/Pinellia ternate/corn in Southern Shanxi [J]. Shanxi Agric. Sci., 2012, 40(4):357-360, 374.

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girth/cm	节间距 Pitch step/cm	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
CK	91.60±5.77 b	9.70±0.51 a	4.88±0.29 a	1 304.45±72.79 b
C1	101.90±3.77 a	9.71±0.44 a	4.79±0.17 a	1 454.27±82.46 a
C2	105.90±6.42 a	9.66±0.82 a	4.67±0.38 a	1 486.49±79.63 a
C3	98.70±4.58 ab	9.55±0.65 a	4.84±0.26 a	1 352.37±86.38 ab

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girth/cm	节间距 Pitch step/cm	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
CK	91.60±5.77 b	9.70±0.51 a	4.88±0.29 a	1 304.45±72.79 b
C1	101.90±3.77 a	9.71±0.44 a	4.79±0.17 a	1 454.27±82.46 a
C2	105.90±6.42 a	9.66±0.82 a	4.67±0.38 a	1 486.49±79.63 a
C3	98.70±4.58 ab	9.55±0.65 a	4.84±0.26 a	1 352.37±86.38 ab

处理 Treatment	茎叶夹角 Cauline leaf angle/（°）	叶向值 Leaf orientation value	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）
CK	63.50±3.53 c	82.36±4.74 c	4.58±0.36 a	8.30±0.30 c
C1	67.00±4.37 bc	86.54±6.53 bc	2.48±0.19 c	8.93±0.36 bc
C2	77.00±6.04 a	95.13±5.49 a	3.60±0.22 b	10.31±0.41 a
C3	72.00±4.35 b	90.75±6.94 b	4.26±0.25 a	9.17±0.41 b

处理 Treatment	茎叶夹角 Cauline leaf angle/（°）	叶向值 Leaf orientation value	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）
CK	63.50±3.53 c	82.36±4.74 c	4.58±0.36 a	8.30±0.30 c
C1	67.00±4.37 bc	86.54±6.53 bc	2.48±0.19 c	8.93±0.36 bc
C2	77.00±6.04 a	95.13±5.49 a	3.60±0.22 b	10.31±0.41 a
C3	72.00±4.35 b	90.75±6.94 b	4.26±0.25 a	9.17±0.41 b

叶位 Leaf position	处理Treatment	总糖含量 Total sugar content/%	烟碱含量 Nicotine content/%	氯含量Chlorine content/%	还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content/%	钾含量Kalium content/%	两糖比 Ratio sugar/total sugar	糖碱比 Ratio sugar/nicotine
上部叶Upper leaves	CK	19.72±0.44 c	3.06±0.14 a	0.83±0.05 a	16.49±0.97 c	1.94±0.26 a	0.84±0.04 b	5.39±0.12 c
	C1	23.27±1.00 a	3.19±0.18 a	0.38±0.03 c	17.21±0.54 bc	2.24±0.12 a	0.74±0.02 c	5.39±0.19 c
	C2	21.37±0.49 b	3.01±0.25 a	0.47±0.03 b	19.72±0.33 a	2.10±0.18 a	0.92±0.07 a	6.55±0.13 a
	C3	20.67±1.45 bc	3.01±0.17 a	0.72±0.06 a	18.03±0.43 b	1.98±0.23 a	0.88±0.09 ab	5.99±0.21 b
中部叶Middle leaves	CK	18.72±0.90 c	3.12±0.11 a	0.62±0.05 a	14.72±1.09 b	1.65±0.11 b	0.79±0.03 a	4.72±0.11 c
	C1	28.66±1.37 a	2.34±0.13 c	0.32±0.02 c	22.07±0.94 a	2.22±0.28 a	0.76±0.06 a	9.43±0.21 a
	C2	22.10±1.87 b	2.63±0.13 b	0.45±0.05 b	16.62±0.98 b	2.16±0.27 a	0.75±0.05 a	6.32±0.12 b
	C3	19.95±1.24 bc	3.08±0.19 a	0.57±0.07 ab	15.43±0.96 b	2.00±0.20 a	0.77±0.06 a	5.06±0.10 c
下部叶Lower leaves	CK	21.02±1.16 a	1.67±0.06 b	1.10±0.06 a	16.18±0.86 a	2.79±0.25 b	0.77±0.04 a	9.69±0.36 a
	C1	16.52±1.40 b	1.47±0.12 c	0.68±0.05 c	11.90±0.50 b	3.47±0.54 b	0.72±0.03 b	8.10±0.23 b
	C2	20.39±1.27 a	1.69±0.09 b	0.92±0.07 b	15.36±0.90 a	4.12±0.24 a	0.75±0.03 a	9.09±0.31 ab
	C3	21.81±1.05 a	2.65±0.18 a	1.06±0.07 ab	17.02±0.54 a	3.10±0.12 b	0.73±0.04 ab	6.05±0.14 c