Effects of Chemical Detopping on Cotton Plant Growth in Guanzhong Cotton Region

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0820

Abstract

Abstract:

To gain insight into the effect of chemical detopping on cotton in Guanzhong area， ‘Zhongmian 619’ and ‘Xinong 606’ were as materials， and a field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020. Using conventional manual detopping cotton as a control （CK）， two chemical detopping agents， mepiquat chloride compound and flumetralin compound， were studied. The plant height， plant width， number of sympodial branches， the length of upper sympodial branch in plant， bolls spatial distribution， cotton physiological activity， yield components and fiber quality were measured. The result showed that， compared with CK， the chemical detopping increased plant height， number of sympodial branches， number of bolls in the upper part of the cotton canopy， number of bolls per plant and seed-cotton yield， while decreased plant width and length of upper sympodial branches. Compared with CK， the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutone of T1 and T2 treatments increased significantly， but the malonaldehyde content decreased significantly. Among chemical detopping treatments， the effect of the mepiquat chloride compound was more significant. Among cotton varieties， spraying of chemical detopping agent had a greater effect on ‘Zhongmian 619’. In conclusion， chemical detopping modified the cotton plant architecture， improved the spatial distribution of cotton bolls， enhanced the anti-oxidation and anti-premature aging ability of cotton， and ultimately increased crop yield without significant decrease of fiber quality. Under the conditions of this experiment， the effect of mepiquat chloride compound was the most significant for ‘Zhongmian 619’.

Key words: cotton, chemical detopping, plant architecture, physiological activity, yield, fiber quality

摘要：

为研究喷施化学打顶剂对关中地区棉花的影响，选用‘中棉619’和‘西农606’为试验材料，于2019—2020年开展棉田打顶试验。以常规人工打顶处理为对照（CK），研究缩节胺复合型（T1）、氟节胺复合型（T2）2种化学打顶剂对不同棉花品种株高、株宽、果枝台数、冠层上部果枝长度、棉铃空间分布、棉花生理活性、产量构成因素及棉花纤维品质的影响。结果表明，与人工打顶相比，喷施化学打顶剂处理棉花的株高和果枝台数显著增加；株宽和冠层上部果枝长度显著降低；棉花冠层上部铃数、单株铃数和籽棉产量显著增加；叶片过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性显著增加，丙二醛含量显著降低。其中，缩节胺复合型化学打顶剂效果更显著。在不同棉花品种间，喷施化学打顶剂对‘中棉619’效果较大。综上所述，棉花化学打顶能塑造良好株型，改善棉铃空间分布，增强植株的抗氧化和抗早衰能力，提高棉花产量，且对棉花纤维品质无显著影响。在本试验条件下，‘中棉619’喷施缩节胺复合型化学打顶剂效果显著。

关键词: 棉花, 化学打顶, 植株形态, 生理活性, 产量, 纤维品质

CLC Number:

S562

Zhengran SUN, Cuiping ZHANG, Jinli ZHANG, Hao WU, Xiuyan LIU, Zhenkai WANG, Yuzhen YANG, Daohua HE. Effects of Chemical Detopping on Cotton Plant Growth in Guanzhong Cotton Region[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 167-177.

孙正冉, 张翠萍, 张晋丽, 吴昊, 刘秀艳, 王振凯, 杨玉珍, 贺道华. 喷施化学打顶剂对关中棉区棉花植株生长的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 167-177.

Figures/Tables 10

References 30

1	CHEN Z K, MA H, XIA J, et al.. Optimal pre-plant irrigation and fertilization can improve 15 biomass accumulation by maintaining the root and leaf productive capacity of cotton crop [J/OL]. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7:17168 [2021-08-10]. .
2	李炎子.我国种植业空间布局演变(1978-2009)[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
	LI Y Z. The evolution of the spatial layout of the crop industry in my country (1978-2009) [D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2014.
3	中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013:1-1219.
	Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. China Cotton Cultivation [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2013:1-1219.
4	孟桂元,贺再新,孙焕良,等.作物打顶栽培研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):144-148.
	MENG G Y, HE Z X, SUN H L, et al.. The research progress on topping cultivation in crops [J]. Chin. Agric.Sci.Bull., 2010, 26(24):144-148.
5	RENOU A, TÉRÉTA I, TOGOLA M. Manual topping decreases bollworm infestations in cotton cultivation in Mali [J]. Crop Prot., 2011, 30:1370-1375.
6	DAI J L, DONG H Z. Intensive cotton farming technologies in China: achievements, challenges and countermeasures [J]. Field Crops Res., 2014, 155:99-110.
7	戴翠荣,赵晓雁,余力,等.氟节胺化学打顶对南疆棉花农艺性状及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(8):1394-1398.
	DAI C R, ZHAO X Y, YU L, et al.. Effects of flubenectamine chemical topping on agronomic traits and yield of cotton in southern Xinjiang [J]. Xinjiang Agric. Sci., 2015, 52(8):1394-1398.
8	邹茜,刘爱玉,王欣悦,等.棉花打顶技术的研究现状与展望[J].作物研究,2014,28(5):570-574 .
	ZOU Q, LIU A Y, WANG X Y, et al.. Research status and prospect of cotton topping technology [J]. Crop Res., 2014, 28(5):570-574.
9	毛树春.我国棉花种植技术的现代化问题——兼论“十二五”棉花栽培相关研究[J].中国棉花,2010,37(3):2-6.
	MAO S C. The modernization of cotton planting technology in my country—also on the research of cotton cultivation in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” [J]. China Cotton, 2010, 37(3):2-6.
10	李新裕,陈玉娟.新疆垦区长绒棉化学封顶取代人工打顶试验研究[J].中国棉花,2001(1):11-12.
	LI X Y, CHEN Y J. Experimental study on chemical topping of long-staple cotton instead of artificial topping in Xinjiang reclamation area [J]. China Cotton, 2001(1):11-12.
11	赵强,周春江,张巨松,等.化学打顶对南疆棉花农艺和经济性状的影响[J].棉花学报,2011,23(4):329-333.
	ZHAO Q, ZHOU C J, ZHANG J S, et al.. Effects of chemical topping on agronomic and economic traits of cotton in southern Xinjiang [J]. Cotton Sci., 2011, 23(4):329-333.
12	董红强,李镇源,陈佳林,等.二甲戊灵和氟节胺复配作为打顶剂对棉花农艺性状及抗逆性的影响[J].农药,2019,58(5):377-380, 390.
	DONG H Q, LI Z Y, CHEN J L, et al.. Effects of the combination of pendimethalin and flubenzamide as a topping agent on agronomic characteristics and stress resistance of cotton [J]. Pesticides, 2019, 58(5):377-380, 390.
13	韩焕勇,王方永,陈兵,等.氮肥对棉花应用增效缩节胺封顶效果的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(2):12-20.
	HAN H Y, WANG F Y, CHEN B, et al.. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the capping effect of cotton with synergistic amine [J]. J. China Agric. Univ., 2017, 22(2):12-20.
14	黎芳,王希,王香茹,等.黄河流域北部棉区棉花缩节胺化学封顶技术[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(13):2497-2510.
	LI F, WANG X, WANG X R, et al.. Chemical capping technology of cotton melanine in the cotton area of the northern Yellow river basin [J]. Chin. Agric.Sci., 2016, 49(13): 2497-2510.
15	黎芳,杜明伟,徐东永,等.黄河流域不同密度及施氮量下增效缩节胺化学封顶对棉花生长、产量和熟期的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2018,23(3):10-22.
	LI F, DU M W, XU D Y, et al.. Effects of chemical capping of synergistic melanine on cotton growth, yield and maturity under different densities and nitrogen application rates in the Yellow river basin [J]. J. China Agric.Univ., 2018, 23(3):10-22.
16	孙正冉,吴昊,张翠萍,等.棉花化学打顶剂的配制与筛选[J].作物杂志,2021(1):112-117.
	SUN Z R, WU H, ZHANG C P, et al.. Preparation and screening of chemical topping agents for cotton [J]. Crops, 2021(1):112-117.
17	李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:1-278.
	LI H S. Experimental Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000:1-278.
18	杨成勋,张旺锋,徐守振,等.喷施化学打顶剂对棉花冠层结构及群体光合生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016, 49(9):1672-1684.
	YANG C X, ZHANG W F, XU S Z, et al.. Effects of spraying chemical topping agents on cotton canopy structure and colony photosynthetic production [J]. China Agric. Sci., 2016, 49(9):1672-1684.
19	赵强,张巨松,周春江,等.化学打顶对棉花群容量的拓展效应[J].棉花学报,2011,23(5):401-407.
	ZHAO Q, ZHANG J S, ZHOU C J, et al.. The expansion effect of chemical topping on cotton population capacity [J]. Acta Cotton, 2011, 23(5):401-407.
20	张旺锋,王振林,余松烈,等.种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004, 28(2):164-171.
	ZHANG W F, WANG Z L, YU S L, et al.. Effects of planting density on photosynthesis, canopy structure and yield formation of high-yield cotton population in Xinjiang [J]. Chin. J. Plant Ecol., 2004, 28(2): 164-171.
21	刘欢,慕平,赵桂琴,等.除草剂对燕麦产量及抗氧化特性的影响[J].草业学报.2015,24(2):41-48.
	LIU H, MU P, ZHAO G Q, et al.. Effects of herbicides on the yield and antioxidant properties of oats [J]. Acta Pratac. Sin., 2015, 24(2):41-48.
22	申建芳,东保柱,曹丽霞,等.田普除草剂对燕麦的胁迫及燕麦除草剂胁迫下的修复[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(7):152-156.
	SHEN J F, DONG B Z, CAO L X, et al.. Stress of Tianpu herbicide on oats and its restoration under oat herbicide stress [J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull., 2018, 34(7):152-156.
23	王鑫,郭平毅,原向阳,等.2,4-D丁酯对罂粟(Papaver somniferum L.)保护酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响[J].生态学报,2008, 28(3):1098-1193.
	WANG X, GUO P Y, YUAN X Y, et al.. Effects of 2,4-D butylester on protective enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation of poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) [J]. Acta Ecol. Sin., 2008, 28(3):1098-1193.
24	李璇,岳红,王升,等.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013, 38(7):973-978.
	LI X, YUE H, WANG S, et al.. Factors affecting plant antioxidant enzyme activities and their research hotspots and current status [J]. Chin. J. Chin. Materia Medica, 2013, 38(7):973-978.
25	李锦树,王洪春,王文英,等.干旱对玉米叶片细胞透性及膜脂的影响[J].植物生理学报,1983,9(3):223-230.
	LI J S, WANG H C, WANG W Y, et al.. Effects of drought on cell permeability and membrane lipids of maize leaves [J]. Acta Phytophysiol., 1983, 9(3):223-230.
26	朱其松,黄建中,周烨,等.除草剂对不同耐寒性水稻幼苗的氧化胁迫效应[J].核农学报,2009,23(1):145-149.
	ZHU Q S, HUANG J Z, ZHOU Y, et al.. Oxidative stress effects of herbicides on rice seedlings with different cold tolerance [J]. Chin. J. Nuclear Agric., 2009, 23(1):145-149.
27	宋惠洁,余凯凯,刘阳,等.烯禾啶胁迫对谷子愈伤组织生理特性的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(2):107-110.
	SONG H J, YU K K, LIU Y, et al.. Effects of enoxydim stress on physiological characteristics of millet callus [J]. J. Shanxi Agric. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2016, 36(2):107-110.
28	董春玲,罗宏海,张亚黎,等.喷施氟节胺对棉花农艺性状的影响及化学打顶效应研究[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(11):1985-1990.
	DONG C L, LUO H H, ZHANG Y L, et al.. The effect of spraying diflubenzamide on agronomic characteristics of cotton and the effect of chemical topping [J]. Xinjiang Agric. Sci., 2013, 50(11):1985-1990.
29	陈源,顾万荣,王汝利,等.棉花叶系质量划分及叶层配置的研究[J].棉花学报,2004,16(5):313-318.
	CHEN Y, GU W R, WANG R L, et al.. Research on cotton leaf quality division and leaf layer configuration [J]. Cotton Sci., 2004, 16(5):313-318.
30	韩焕勇,杜明伟,王方永,等.北疆棉区增效缩节胺应用剂量对棉花农艺和经济性状的影响[J].西南农业学报,2019,32(2):327-330.
	HAN H Y, DU M W, WANG F Y, et al.. Effects of application dosage of synergistic melanine on cotton agronomic and economic characteristics in northern Xinjiang cotton area [J]. Southwest Agric. J., 2019, 32(2): 327-330.

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	倒4果枝 Converse fourth fruiting branch	倒3果枝 Converse third fruiting branch	倒2果枝 Converse second fruiting branch	倒1果枝 Converse first fruiting branch
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	16.82±0.16 c	10.76±0.29 b	7.52±0.14 c	6.52±0.16 c
		T2	17.68±0.29 b	10.78±0.26 b	8.52±0.14 b	7.73±0.13 b
		CK	22.46±0.22 a	21.97±0.30 a	20.34±0.18 a	15.72±0.14 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	16.30±0.36 b	10.56±0.21 c	8.44±0.18 c	7.44±0.19 b
		T2	17.22±0.27 b	11.68±0.18 b	9.32±0.12 b	7.72±0.12 b
		CK	23.08±0.31 a	20.40±0.27 a	19.88±0.21 a	13.92±0.21 a
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	15.44±0.18 c	12.24±0.16 b	10.28±0.14 c	7.60±0.19 b
		T2	16.72±0.19 b	12.73±0.17 b	11.34±0.16 b	8.18±0.16 b
		CK	24.24±0.28 a	21.62±0.31 a	20.20±0.21 a	18.26±0.20 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	15.10±0.15 b	11.86±0.17 c	10.70±0.16 c	8.18±0.16 b
		T2	15.36±0.20 b	13.10±0.19 b	12.20±0.19 b	8.26±0.09 b
		CK	23.24±0.17 a	22.22±0.26 a	21.18±0.23 a	16.20±0.19 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	倒4果枝 Converse fourth fruiting branch	倒3果枝 Converse third fruiting branch	倒2果枝 Converse second fruiting branch	倒1果枝 Converse first fruiting branch
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	16.82±0.16 c	10.76±0.29 b	7.52±0.14 c	6.52±0.16 c
		T2	17.68±0.29 b	10.78±0.26 b	8.52±0.14 b	7.73±0.13 b
		CK	22.46±0.22 a	21.97±0.30 a	20.34±0.18 a	15.72±0.14 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	16.30±0.36 b	10.56±0.21 c	8.44±0.18 c	7.44±0.19 b
		T2	17.22±0.27 b	11.68±0.18 b	9.32±0.12 b	7.72±0.12 b
		CK	23.08±0.31 a	20.40±0.27 a	19.88±0.21 a	13.92±0.21 a
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	15.44±0.18 c	12.24±0.16 b	10.28±0.14 c	7.60±0.19 b
		T2	16.72±0.19 b	12.73±0.17 b	11.34±0.16 b	8.18±0.16 b
		CK	24.24±0.28 a	21.62±0.31 a	20.20±0.21 a	18.26±0.20 a
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	15.10±0.15 b	11.86±0.17 c	10.70±0.16 c	8.18±0.16 b
		T2	15.36±0.20 b	13.10±0.19 b	12.20±0.19 b	8.26±0.09 b
		CK	23.24±0.17 a	22.22±0.26 a	21.18±0.23 a	16.20±0.19 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	铃数Number of bolls
年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	下部Lower	中部Middle	上部Upper
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.6±0.45 a	2.8±0.36 a	4.7±0.21 a
		T2	3.8±0.29 a	2.8±0.25 a	4.6±0.37 a
		CK	3.7±0.34 a	2.6±0.27 a	2.5±0.27 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	3.7±0.26 a	3.5±0.34 a	5.8±0.59 a
		T2	3.3±0.37 a	3.1±0.31 a	4.3±0.42 ab
		CK	3.7±0.21 a	3.4±0.37 a	3.0±0.39 b
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.0±0.18 a	2.4±0.31 a	5.6±0.71 a
		T2	2.7±0.16 a	2.5±0.22 a	4.7±0.97 ab
		CK	3.1±0.21 a	2.6±0.22 a	2.9±0.46 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	2.7±0.63 a	3.2±0.57 a	5.3±0.37 a
		T2	3.1±0.23 a	3.3±0.40 a	4.8±0.29 a
		CK	2.8±0.20 a	3.1±0.28 a	3.7±0.26 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	铃数Number of bolls
年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	下部Lower	中部Middle	上部Upper
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.6±0.45 a	2.8±0.36 a	4.7±0.21 a
		T2	3.8±0.29 a	2.8±0.25 a	4.6±0.37 a
		CK	3.7±0.34 a	2.6±0.27 a	2.5±0.27 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	3.7±0.26 a	3.5±0.34 a	5.8±0.59 a
		T2	3.3±0.37 a	3.1±0.31 a	4.3±0.42 ab
		CK	3.7±0.21 a	3.4±0.37 a	3.0±0.39 b
2020	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	3.0±0.18 a	2.4±0.31 a	5.6±0.71 a
		T2	2.7±0.16 a	2.5±0.22 a	4.7±0.97 ab
		CK	3.1±0.21 a	2.6±0.22 a	2.9±0.46 b
	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	2.7±0.63 a	3.2±0.57 a	5.3±0.37 a
		T2	3.1±0.23 a	3.3±0.40 a	4.8±0.29 a
		CK	2.8±0.20 a	3.1±0.28 a	3.7±0.26 a

年 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单铃重 Boll weight/g	单株铃数 Bolls per plant	收获株数Plant number / （10⁴·hm^-2）	衣分 Lint percent/%	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield/（kg·hm^-2）
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	5.54±0.32 a	11.1±0.96 a	6.00±0.56 a	42.05±0.92 a	3 689.64±327.89 a
		T2	5.52±0.27 a	10.9±1.13 a	6.20±0.43 a	40.51±1.11 a	3 730.42±172.68 a
		CK	5.57±0.43 a	8.8±1.06 b	6.22±0.62 a	40.68±0.76 a	3 216.12±234.76 b
2020	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	5.67±0.26 a	13.0±0.74 a	4.82±0.45 a	40.49±0.87 a	3 552.82±345.78 a
		T2	5.72±0.36 a	10.7±0.98 b	4.91±0.33 a	40.36±0.75 a	3 005.29±453.65 b
		CK	5.62±0.22 a	10.1±0.95 c	5.09±0.48 a	41.21±0.94 a	2 889.24±263.27 b
2019	中棉619 Zhongmian 619	T1	5.60±0.17 a	11.8±1.24 a	5.32±0.57 a	39.77±0.86 a	3 613.55±413.26 a
		T2	5.84±0.25 a	11.0±1.16 a	5.44±0.46 a	40.63±0.84 a	3 479.48±223.45 b
		CK	5.65±0.34 a	9.6±0.98 b	5.37±0.67 a	39.83±1.06 a	3 075.15±254.34 c
2020	西农606 Xinong 606	T1	5.64±0.35 a	10.7±0.94 a	5.43±0.48 a	40.65±0.94 a	3 187.52±234.16 a
		T2	5.72±0.27 a	10.0±1.17 a	5.53±0.44 a	40.84±0.86 a	3 176.96±337.28 a
		CK	5.68±0.22 a	9.4±0.86 b	5.64±0.32 a	40.39±0.95 a	2 852.12±234.16 c