Abstract: Genome editing technologies have saved the long time period of multi-generation hybridization needed by conventional breeding; thus, speeded up the breeding process. At the same time, there are potential risks due to the artificial increase of mutation efficiency and existence of off-target effects. Herein, this paper brievely reviewed the principles, merits and demerits of the 3 mainly technologies in genome editing; compared them with the conventional breeding method and transgenetic technology, and discussed the advanteges of genome editing techniques and their products and the possible biological safety risks caused by off-target effect. The regulatory models and related policies of genome editing plants in the worlds major countries were also elaborated. Finally, the paper discussed the safety assessment of genome editing technique in China combined with Chinese current regulations on definition of transgenic plants and principles of risk assessment. Before ending, the paper put forward thonghts on managing safety assessment of genome editing plants.

Key words: genome editing, plants, safety assessment

摘要： 基因组编辑技术解决了常规育种需要多代杂交、所需时间长的问题，加快了育种进程；同时，由于人为增加突变效率、存在脱靶效应等也带来了潜在的安全性问题。简要概述了3 种基因组编辑技术的原理和优缺点，并通过基因组编辑技术与传统育种技术和转基因技术的比较分析，讨论了基因组编辑技术及其产品的优势和可能因脱靶效应而引发的生物安全风险。同时，介绍了世界主要国家对基因组编辑植物的监管模式和相关政策，并结合我国现行法规对转基因生物的定义和风险评估的原则，讨论了基因组编辑技术及其产品的安全评价管理，初步提出了基因组编辑植物的安全评价管理思路。

关键词: 基因组编辑, 植物, 安全评价