Bipartite Intelligent Design of Crops—Intelligent Combination of Natural Variation and Intelligent Creation of Artificial Variation

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0391

Abstract

Abstract:

We are witnessing a profound and far-reaching revolution in crop breeding. Intelligent design of crops，driven by interdisciplinary integration of biotechnology（BT）and information technology（IT），is now outperforming and replacing traditional breeding methods. Future intelligent design of crops should be bipartite. Intelligent cross breeding is based on large-scale genomic，phenotypic and environmental data platforms，as well as statistical models built upon them. These will facilitate the design of optimal combinations of natural genomic variants，and realization of such design by the fastest breeding scheme. Intelligent biological breeding，on the other hand，will harness the power of artificial intelligence （especially generative models）and synthetic evolution to design genomic components or proteins of agronomic importance，placing genome editing and synthetic biology at the center of crop genetic improvement. This viewpoint discussed the theoretical basis，cutting-edge technologies and future directions of both branches of intelligent crop design. Limiting factors from public and private sectors that are making the bottlenecks in intelligent design of crops were also discussed.

Key words: intelligent design of crops, artificial intelligence, genomic selection, genome editing, synthetic biology

摘要：

作物育种正在从传统的经验育种转向BT+IT驱动的智能设计育种。提升智能设计育种的能力和水平对解决我国未来粮食安全问题具有重要意义。未来作物智能设计育种将具有“双轮驱动”特征：智能化的杂交育种以育种大数据和育种模型为基础，精准设计自然变异的最优组合，并以最快捷的杂交组配方式实现自然变异的最优组合；智能化的生物育种利用人工智能技术和合成进化技术，设计DNA/蛋白质序列，可以“道法自然、超越自然”，指导作物的基因编辑育种和合成生物学。探讨了作物智能设计育种范式的理论基础、技术手段和发展趋势，分析了我国作物智能设计育种在产业化过程中面临的市场和政策瓶颈，并提出相关对策。

关键词: 作物智能设计, 人工智能, 全基因组选择, 基因编辑, 合成生物学

CLC Number:

S336

Hai WANG, Jinsheng LAI, Haiyang WANG, Xinhai LI. Bipartite Intelligent Design of Crops—Intelligent Combination of Natural Variation and Intelligent Creation of Artificial Variation[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(6): 1-8.

汪海, 赖锦盛, 王海洋, 李新海. 作物智能设计育种——自然变异的智能组合和人工变异的智能创制[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(6): 1-8.

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