Abstract: Aohan County of Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia is the largest production base of high-quality foxtail millet in China. This paper carried out field planting identification on 115 foxtail millet varieties (lines) and analyzed the yield phenotypic traits. The results showed that the yields of 31 varieties (lines) were higher than that of the CK(Chigu 4). The growth period of these varieties (lines) was 106.16±5.71 d, their length of main stem was 133.97±14.85 cm, main panicle length was 27.32±4.02 cm, main panicle diameter was 29.18±5.89 mm, main panicle weight was 29.10±5.63 g, seed numbers in main panicle were 8 333.99±1 983.66, main panicle grain weight was 22.91±4.69 g, 1 000-grain weight was 2.80±0.36 g, and their yields were 7 887.41±796.60 kg/hm2. The results of variance analysis showed that the yields of 25 varieties (lines) were significantly higher than that of the CK (P<0.01), grain number and 1 000-grain weight  per panicle were significantly increased, or yield traits were synergistic improved and higher yield increase could be realized. The result of correlation and regression analysis showed that the growth period, length and diameter of main stem, number of leaf, main panicle weight, main panicle grain number and weight, and 1 000-grain weight were significantly correlated with the yield. Among them the growth period and main panicle grain number played decisive roles on yield. Principal component analysis concluded 15 phenotypic traits into 8 main vectors, and 10 varieties (lines) with higher comprehensive eveluation were selected. On the whole, the yield of Yangu 18 was the highest. The yield and comprehensive eveluation of Tie 8050, Gonggu 74, 14H758 were higher than that of the other varieties (lines).

Key words: foxtail millet, yield increase, correlation analysis, principal component analysis

摘要： 内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗是全国最大优质谷子生产基地。对不同来源的115个谷子品种（系）在敖汉旗进行田间种植鉴定，并对产量及表型性状进行分析。结果表明，有31个品种（系）的产量高于对照（赤谷4号），这些品种的生育期为106.16±5.71 d，主茎长度为133.97±14.85 cm，主穗长度为27.32±4.02 cm，主穗直径为29.18±5.89 mm，主穗重为29.10±5.63 g，主穗粒数为8 333.99±1 983.66 粒，主穗粒重为22.91±4.69 g，千粒重为2.80±0.36 g，产量为7 887.41±796.60 kg/hm2。方差分析表明，有25个品种（系）的产量极显著高于对照（P<0.01）；穗粒数、千粒重的显著增加，或各产量性状的协同提高均能实现产量的显著增大。相关性及回归分析表明，生育期、主茎长度、主茎直径、叶片数、主穗重、主穗粒数、主穗粒重、千粒重与产量极显著相关，其中生育期和主穗粒数对产量起决定性作用。主成分分析可将15个表型性状归纳为8个主要因子，并筛选出10个综合评价较高的品种（系）。总体来看，燕谷18的产量最高，铁8050、公谷74号、14H758的产量和综合评价均较高。

关键词: 谷子, 增产原因, 相关性分析, 主成分分析