Abstract: In order to solve the potato mechanization harvesting problem in hilly and mountainous area, according to the mechanism of drag reduction, this paper designed a vibration digging type potato harvester with the hand tractor as a power source. Working mechanism of vibration digging device and the kinematics and dynamics characteristics of vibration digging shovel were analyzed, and the structure and working parameters of vibration digging shovel were determined. The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination experiment of three factors were carried out with the moving forward speed, the digging shovel vibration frequency and the digging shovel vibration amplitude as experimental factors, the damage rate and obvious rate as experimental index. The mathematical model between the experimental factors and the experimental indexes was established and the variance of test data and regression equation was analyzed using data processing system software. The moving forward speed of 0.85 m/s, the digging shovel vibration frequency of 12 Hz and the digging shovel vibration amplitude of 14.5 mm were the best combination factors by optimization, which leaded to the damage rate of 1.21%, the obvious rate of 98.51%. Verification experiment results under the optimal parameter combination showed that the average damage rate of 1.28%, the average obvious rate of 98.48%, the working performance can meet requirements of potato harvest.

Key words: potato, harvester, vibration digging, damage rate, obvious rate, experiment

摘要： 为进一步解决我国丘陵山区马铃薯机械化收获问题，依据振动减阻收获机理，设计了一种与手扶拖拉机配套使用的振动挖掘式马铃薯收获机。对该收获机振动挖掘装置作业机理和振动铲运动学、动力学特性进行了研究分析，并确定了振动铲相关结构和工作参数。以机组前进速度、振动铲振频、振动铲振幅为试验因素，伤薯率和明薯率为试验指标进行了三元二次正交旋转组合试验。运用数据处理软件对回归方程进行了显著性分析，并建立了各试验因素与指标之间的数学模型。优化得出最佳因素组合为：机组前进速度085 m/s、振动铲振频12 Hz、振动铲振幅14.5 mm、伤薯率1.21% 、明薯率98.51%。最佳参数组合下的验证试验结果表明：平均伤薯率1.28%、平均明薯率98.48%，作业性能符合马铃薯收获要求。

关键词: 马铃薯, 收获机, 振动挖掘, 伤薯率, 明薯率, 试验