Abstract:

In order to improve the quality of Chinese bayberry fruit (water chestnut) during harvest and storage, this experiment took Chinese bayberry fruit as material, and by applying different levels of K and B fertilizer combination during its development, evaluated the effect of fertilization on its harvested and storage quality, and on the antioxidant enzym activity during fruit storage. The results showed that  the mineral elements (N, P, K and B) content of fruit treated with B2K1 (6.0 g B/L+1.0 kg K/tree) combination were the highest, and that of Zn treated with B2K2 (6.0 g B/L+1.3 kg K/tree) was the highest. The single fruit weight and contents of TSS, WSS, and Vc treated with B2K1 were the highest, while that of titratable acid (TA) was the lowest. The mineral element contents of N, P, K and Zn in the fruit had positive correlation with single fruit weight, and contents of TSS, WSS and Vc. During storage, except TSS, the other quality indexes contents treated with B2K1 decreased the least; in the fruit, the POD, SOD and CAT activities treated with B2K1 were the highest; the content of MDA treated with B2K2 was the lowest, while that treated with B2K1 took the second place. On the whole, talking to the best fruit harvested and storage quality, superior storage property, the combination treatment B2K1 was the best, while B2K2 came the second. This result could provide referance base for fertilization of high quality Chinese bayberry industrial production.

Key words: Chinese bayberry, quality, storage, enzyme activity

摘要：

为了提高杨梅果实采收和贮藏品质，以“荸荠”种杨梅为材料，在发育期施用不同水平的K、B肥组合，评价施肥对杨梅果实采收和贮藏品质以及贮藏期主要抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：果实内的矿物质元素N、P、K、B含量以处理组合B2K1（6.0 g  B/L+1.0 kg K/株）最高，Zn含量以处理组合B2K2（6.0 g B/L+1.0 kg K/株）最高。处理B2K1果实单果重量、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、可溶性糖含量（WSS）及Vc含量最高，而可滴定酸含量最低。果实内矿质元素N、P、K、B、Zn含量与果实的单果重量、WSS、TSS、Vc等含量成正相关关系。在贮藏期，杨梅果实品质指标除TSS以外，其他品质指标含量都以处理B2K1下降最少；杨梅果实内POD、SOD、CAT酶活性均以处理B2K1最高;MDA含量以处理B2K2最低、处理B2K1次之 。综合各种因素，以处理组合B2K1果实采收和贮藏期品质最佳，贮藏性能最优，处理组合B2K2次之。该结果可为高品质杨梅产业化生产施肥提供参考依据。

关键词: 杨梅；品质；贮藏；酶活性