酵母钴的制备、表征及其在鱼抗应激中的应用

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0210

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 240-249.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0210

• 海洋农业淡水渔业 • 上一篇

酵母钴的制备、表征及其在鱼抗应激中的应用

石柯柔¹(), 王楠²(), 栾银银¹, 李彦卿¹, 张震¹, 药园园¹, 冉超¹, 丁倩雯¹, 杨雅麟¹(), 周志刚¹^,²()

^1.中国农业科学院饲料研究所，北京 100081
^2.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2025-03-22 接受日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-24
通讯作者: 王楠,杨雅麟,周志刚
作者简介:石柯柔 E-mail： 82101222371@caas.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2105004);国家自然科学基金项目(32172958);国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20267);国家自然科学基金项目(32330110);国家自然科学基金项目(32172991);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202305);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-05);农业农村部富硒产品开发与质量控制重点实验室安康富硒渔业专家工作站项目

Preparation and Characterization of Yeast Cobalt and Its Application in Fish Stress Resistance

Kerou SHI¹(), Nan WANG²(), Yinyin LUAN¹, Yanqing LI¹, Zhen ZHANG¹, Yuanyuan YAO¹, Chao RAN¹, Qianwen DING¹, Yalin YANG¹(), Zhigang ZHOU¹^,²()

^1.Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China
^2.Biotechnology Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2025-03-22 Accepted:2025-04-08 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-24
Contact: Nan WANG,Yalin YANG,Zhigang ZHOU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钴（Co）是水产动物的必需微量元素，对维持其生理和代谢功能至关重要，益生菌可以将无机钴转化为毒性更小、生物利用度更高的有机钴形式，为水产动物提供钴元素和益生菌的双重益处。从欧盟微生物菌种安全资格认证（Qualified Presumption of Safety，QPS）推荐的益生菌中筛选出对氯化钴具有高耐受性和高富集能力的酵母R并对其富钴能力进行提升。确定最佳富钴条件为初始pH 5.5、培养温度为30 ℃、培养时间为76 h、在培养4 h时添加1.5 g·L^-1氯化钴，总钴含量为3.78 g·kg^-1。表征手段证实了富钴酵母（R-Co）表面可能存在球形钴纳米粒子。在斑马鱼试验中，与添加0.166 7 mg·kg^-1的无机钴相比，0.166 7 mg·kg^-1的R-Co对其生长性能没有影响，并且在氨氮应激和冷胁迫下提高了斑马鱼存活率，表明酵母R是一种高效富钴菌株，具有替代无机钴的潜力在提高水产动物健康和抗逆性方面具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 益生酵母, 微量元素钴, 表征, 斑马鱼, 抗应激

Abstract:

Cobalt （Co） is an important essential trace element for aquatic animals and is critical for maintaining their physiological and metabolic functions. Probiotics can convert inorganic cobalt into organic cobalt forms with less toxicity and higher bioavailability， providing dual benefits of cobalt and probiotics.Yeast R was screened to improve cobalt-enriched ability from the probiotics recommended by the European Union Qualification for the Safety of Microbial Strains （QPS）， which had high tolerance and enrichment capacity for cobalt chloride. The optimal cobalt enrichment conditions was determined as initial pH 5.5， incubation temperature 30 ℃， incubation time 76 h， and the addition of 1.5 g·L^-1 cobalt chloride for 4 h， resulting in total cobalt content of 3.78 g·kg^-1. Characterization tools confirmed the possible presence of spherical cobalt on the surface of cobalt-enriched yeast （R-Co） nanoparticles. In the zebrafish test， the addition of 0.166 7 mg·kg^-1 R-Co had no effect on growth performance and improved survival rate under ammonia-nitrogen stress and cold stress compared with the addition of 0.166 7 mg·kg^-1 inorganic cobalt， suggesting that yeast R is an efficient cobalt-enriched strain with the potential of replacing inorganic cobalt for promising applications in improving the health and resilience of aquatic animals.

Key words: probiotic yeast, trace element cobalt, characterization, zebrafish, stress resistance

中图分类号:

S963

石柯柔, 王楠, 栾银银, 李彦卿, 张震, 药园园, 冉超, 丁倩雯, 杨雅麟, 周志刚. 酵母钴的制备、表征及其在鱼抗应激中的应用[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(9): 240-249.

Kerou SHI, Nan WANG, Yinyin LUAN, Yanqing LI, Zhen ZHANG, Yuanyuan YAO, Chao RAN, Qianwen DING, Yalin YANG, Zhigang ZHOU. Preparation and Characterization of Yeast Cobalt and Its Application in Fish Stress Resistance[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(9): 240-249.

图/表 5

图1 富钴菌株的筛选A：富钴酵母筛选；B：富钴乳酸菌筛选；C：不同CoCl2水平下酵母R的生长；D：不同CoCl2水平下酵母B的生长；E：不同菌株的Co含量；F：不同菌株的Co产量，不同小写字母表示P<0.05水平差异显著

Fig. 1 Screening of Cobalt-rich ProbioticsA： Screening of cobalt-rich yeast； B： Screening of cobalt-rich LAB； C： R-Co growth at different level CoCl2； D：B-Co growth at different CoCl2 level； E：Co content of different strains； F： Co yield of different strains，Different small letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level， respectively

图2 单因素试验设计优化酵母R富钴条件A：酵母R的生长曲线；B：CoCl2添加量；C：酵母R接种量；D：CoCl2添加时间；E：酵母R的培养时间；F：初始pH；G和H：优化前后菌株富钴含量和富钴产量，**表示P<0.01水平差异显著

Fig. 2 Optimization of Co enrichment conditions for the yeast R by a single-factor experimentA： growth curve of the yeast R； B： Different concentration of CoCl2； C： Inoculum amounts of yeast R； D： Time of CoCl2 addition； E： Incubation time of yeast R； F： Initial pH；G and H： Co-rich content and yield of the probiotics before and after single-factor optimization， ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level

图3 酵母R和R-Co的表征A和B：酵母R和富钴酵母 R-Co扫描电镜形态分析；C和D：酵母R和富钴酵母R-Co EDS 光谱；E：酵母R和富钴酵母 R-Co的傅里叶变换红外光谱

Fig. 3 Characterization of yeast R and R-CoA and B： SEM morphology analysis of yeast R and R-Co； C and D： EDS spectra of yeast R and R-Co； E： FT-IR spectra of yeast R and R-Co

图4 相较于无机钴添加R-Co对斑马鱼生长性能的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of R-Co addition on the growth performance of zebrafish compared to inorganic cobalt

图5 相较于无机钴添加R-Co对斑马鱼抗应激性能的影响A：氨氮应激存活率；B：冷应激存活率；**表示P<0.01水平差异显著

Fig. 5 Effect of R-Co addition on the stress resistance of zebrafish compared to inorganic cobaltA： Ammonia-nitrogen stress survival； B： Cold stress survival； ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01 level

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酵母钴的制备、表征及其在鱼抗应激中的应用

Preparation and Characterization of Yeast Cobalt and Its Application in Fish Stress Resistance

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