中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 214-222.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0964

• 生物制造 资源生态 • 上一篇    

北疆冬小麦产量形成对滴灌量的响应

陈慧1,2(), 张永强2,3(), 陈传信2,3, 徐其江2,3, 聂石辉2,3, 杨卫君1, 雷钧杰2,3(), 张妍婷1,2   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆农业科学院,农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
    3.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20 接受日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 张永强,雷钧杰
  • 作者简介:陈慧 E-mail:2570686286@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目(2023TSYCCX0013);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目(2023TSYCLJ0009);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02001-3);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02002-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02015-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02015-2);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2023D01D10);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2024002-08);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2023005-pt1);国家小麦产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-03-88);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01-06);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01-19)

Response of Wheat Yield in Northern Xinjiang Formed to Drip Irrigation Amount

Hui CHEN1,2(), Yongqiang ZHANG2,3(), Chuanxin CHEN2,3, Qijiang XU2,3, Shihui NIE2,3, Weijun YANG1, Junjie LEI2,3(), Yanting ZHANG1,2   

  1. 1.College of Agricultural,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation in Desert Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,China
    3.Insititute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,China
  • Received:2024-11-20 Accepted:2024-12-26 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15
  • Contact: Yongqiang ZHANG,Junjie LEI

摘要:

为探明北疆冬小麦光合作用和产量与滴灌量的关系,并筛选北疆滴灌冬小麦高产栽培适宜的滴灌量,以新冬22号为试验材料,连续2年在自动防雨旱棚条件下设置 3 450 (W1)、3 900 (W2)、4 350(W3)、4 800(W4)、5 250(W5)、5 700(W6)、6 150(W7)和6 600 m3·hm-2(W8)共8个滴灌量处理,探究滴灌量对冬小麦植株光合生理特性、干物质与分配、产量和灌溉水利用效率的影响。结果表明,冬小麦叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、干物质积累量随滴灌量的增加先升高后降低,在W7处理下最高;胞间 CO 浓度随着滴灌量的增加呈先降后升的趋势,均以W7处理最低,分别为244.09(2023年)和294.82 μmol·mol-1(2024年)。冬小麦滴灌量与产量间呈开口向下的抛物线关系,拟合方程为y=-0.000 3x2+3.935 7x-4 468.8(2023年)和y=-0.000 3x2+3.799 5x-6 921.0(2024年)。滴灌量为6 150 m3·hm-2(W7处理)时产量最高,2年的产量平均为7 201.04 kg·hm-2,较W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6和W8处理分别提高40.67%、37.17%、28.67%、25.33%、7.88%、14.89%和17.15%。综上表明,滴灌量为6 150 m3·hm-2时可实现北疆冬小麦产量最大化,达到高产和节水的统一。

关键词: 冬小麦, 滴灌量, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the relationship between photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat in northern Xinjiang and the amount of drip irrigation, and to screen out the suitable drip irrigation amount for high-yield cultivation of drip irrigated winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, Xindong 22 was used as the test material, and 8 drip irrigation treatments were set under the condition of automatic rain-proof dry shelter for 2 consecutive years, including 3 450 (W1), 3 900 (W2), 4 350 (W3), 4 800 (W4), 5 250 (W5), 5 700 (W6), 6 150 (W7), 6 600 m3·hm-2 (W8). The effects of drip irrigation amounts on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, dry matter and distribution, yield and irrigation water use efficiency of winter wheat plants were analyzed. The results showed that, with the increase of drip irrigation amount, the SPAD value, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat increased firstly and then decreased, reached the maximum in W7 treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased firstly and then increased, and was the lowest in W7 treatment with 244.09 (2023) and 294.82 μmol·mol-1 (2024), respectively. The drip irrigation amount and yield of winter wheat showed a parabolic relationship with the opening downward, and the simulation equation was y=-0.000 3x2+3.935 7x-4 468.8 (2023), y=-0.000 3x2+3.799 5x-6 921 (2024), and the production were the highest with 6 150 m3·hm-2 drip irrigation amount. The average yield in 2 years was 7 201.04 kg·hm-2, which increased by 40.67%, 37.17%, 28.67%, 25.33%, 7.88%, 14.89%, 17.15% compared with W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W8 treatments, respectively. Considering comprehensively, the drip irrigation amount of 6 150 m3·hm-2 could maximize the yield of winter wheat in northern Xinjiang, and achieved the unity of high yield and water saving.

Key words: winter wheat, drip irrigation amount, photosynthetic properties, yield

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