有机肥和钙肥对盐碱土花生根际细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0119

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究有机肥和钙肥对盐碱地花生根际微生物群落结构和功能的影响，以不施肥为对照（CK）、设置施用钙肥（C）、有机肥（M）和有机肥+钙肥（CM）处理，通过构建细菌16S rRNA基因文库和高通量测序技术对不同处理下花生根际微生物进行测序。结果表明，施用有机肥、钙肥和有机肥钙肥配施均显著影响较轻度盐碱土壤花生根际微生物的多样性和丰富度，而对较重度盐碱土花生根际细菌的多样性和丰富度无显著影响。PCoA分析表明，样本OTUs多样性与土壤盐碱程度关系密切，施用钙肥处理花生根际微生物的菌群结构与其他处理间存在较大差异。两种滨海盐碱土花生根际微生物的种群结构均受施用有机肥、钙肥及其配施的影响，不同处理根际微生物均具有相同的优势菌群，但各优势菌群的相对丰度存在较大差异。在目和科水平上，有占总细菌76.3%～82.5%的新种OTUs未能注释，说明黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土花生根际蕴含大量微生物新种资源。16S rRNA功能预测分析表明，施用钙肥和有机肥处理均可显著提高2种土壤花生根际微生物碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、辅助因子和维生素的代谢、核苷酸代谢、翻译和膜运输等相关功能基因丰度。由此可见，施用钙肥和有机肥有利于改良盐碱土壤根际微生态环境，提高植物胁迫耐受性。

关键词: 盐碱土, 花生根际, 微生物菌群多样性, 有机肥, 钙肥, 16S rRNA

Abstract:

To Study the effects of organic fertilizer and calcium fertilizer on the microbial community structure and function in the peanut rhizosphere of saline-alkali soils， the peanut rhizosphere soils with different salinity contents （slightly and severely saline-alkali soils） were performed experiments with control （no fertilization， CK）， calcium fertilizer （C）， organic fertilizer （M） and organic fertilizer+calcium fertilizer （CM）. Then the peanut rhizosphere soils were used to extract DNA for constructing bacterial 16S rRNA gene library， and high-throughput sequencing was performed for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer， calcium fertilizer and the combination of organic fertilizer and calcium fertilizer had significant effects on the diversity and richness of rhizosphere microbes in slightly saline-alkali soil， but had no significant effects in severely saline-alkali soil. PCoA analysis showed that the OTUs diversity was closely related to the salinity contents of soil， and the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community treated with calcium fertilizer was significantly different from those of other treatments. The rhizosphere microbial structures of the two kinds of coastal saline soils were affected by organic fertilizer， calcium fertilizer and the combination of organic fertilizer and calcium fertilizer. The dominant bacterial communities of different treatments were similar， while the relative abundances of dominant bacterial communities were difference in different treatments. On the order and family levels， OTUs of new species accounted for 76.3%~82.5% of the total bacteria， which indicated the rhizosphere in the coastal saline soil of the Yellow River Delta contained a large number of new microbial species resources. The analysis of 16S rRNA function prediction indicated that the application of organic fertilizer， calcium fertilizer and the combination of organic fertilizer and calcium fertilizer increased the abundances of genes on carbohydrate transport and metabolism， amino acid metabolism， energy production and conversion， metabolism of cofactors and vitamins， nucleotide metabolism， translation and membrane transport. In conclusion， the application of calcium fertilizer and organic fertilizer could be beneficial to improve the rhizosphere microecological environment of saline-alkali soil and enhance plant stress tolerance.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, peanut rhizosphere, microbial community diversity, organic fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, 16S rRNA

中图分类号:

S565.2

戴良香, 张冠初, 丁红, 徐扬, 张智猛. 有机肥和钙肥对盐碱土花生根际细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(5): 189-201.

Liangxiang DAI, Guanchu ZHANG, Hong DING, Yang XU, Zhimeng ZHANG. Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Calcium Fertilizer on Peanut Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Structure in Saline-alkali Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(5): 189-201.

图/表 10

表1 供试土壤样品的理化性状

Table 1 Characteristics of soil samples for test

采样地点

Sampling site

含盐量

Salt content/（g·kg^-1）

有机质含量

Organic matter/ （g·kg^-1）

全氮

Total nitrogen/（g·kg^-1）

碱解氮

Available nitrogen/

（mg·kg^-1）

速效磷

Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）

速效钾

Available potasium/

（mg·kg^-1）

利津毛坨

Maotuo of Lijin County

垦利青坨

Qingtuo of Kenli County

图1 花生根际土壤微生物群落测序数据A：序列长度分布；B： OTU数量维恩图

Fig. 1 Overall sequence data of bacterial communities in the peanut rhizosphereA： Length distribution of trimmed sequences； B： Venn diagram of OTUs

表2 不同处理下根际土壤微生物的Alpha多样性指数

Table 2 Alpha diversity index of rhizosphere soil samples in each treatment

处理 Treatment	丰富度 Community richness			多样性 Community diversity		覆盖度 Coverage
处理 Treatment	Sobs	Chao	Ace	Shannon	Simpson	覆盖度 Coverage
CK1	3 216.5	3 508.856	3 459.115	7.253 0	0.001 34	0.991 11
C1	3 271.0	3 513.107	3 453.484	6.792 7	0.005 44	0.995 60
M1	3 400.5	3 626.337	3 578.135	7.247 3	0.001 50	0.993 79
MC1	3 211.5	3 484.869	3 442.857	7.171 5	0.001 62	0.991 75
CK2	3 142.5	3 466.744	3 414.230	7.120 0	0.001 84	0.989 75
C2	3 292.0	3 585.756	3 524.607	6.996 1	0.003 06	0.993 03
M2	3 163.5	3 405.369	3 350.942	6.822 0	0.003 65	0.995 00
MC2	3 227.5	3 497.223	3 448.287	6.745 6	0.006 47	0.993 16

图2 不同处理花生根际土壤微生物的多样性指数注：*和**分别表示不同处理间差异在P<0.05和P<0.01水平显著。

Fig. 2 Diversity index of rhizosphere soil microorganism in different treatmentsNote： * and ** indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively.

图3 Alpha多样性分析

Fig. 3 Alpha diversity analysis

图4 花生根际细菌群落Beta多样性分析

Fig.4 Beta diversity analysis of bacterial communities in the peanut rhizosphere

图5 门和纲水平各样本的菌落结构

Fig. 5 Bacterial community at the phylum and class levels in different treatments.

图6 目和科水平各样本细菌的群落结构

Fig. 6 Bacterial community at the order and famliy levels in different treatments.

图7 属和种水平各样本细菌群落结构

Fig. 7 Bacterial community at the genus and species levels in different treatments.

图8 土壤细菌菌群功能预测

Fig. 8 The bacterial functional features analysis.

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