生物有机肥配合深松对农田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0203

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 157-166.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0203

生物有机肥配合深松对农田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响

可艳军¹(), 张雨萌²(), 郭艳杰²^,³, 张丽娟²^,³, 张子涛², 吉艳芝²^,³()

^1.河北省衡水市枣强县农业农村局，河北衡水 053199
^2.河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院，河北保定 071000
^3.河北农业大学河北省农田生态环境重点实验室，河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2022-03-27 接受日期:2022-06-27 出版日期:2023-04-01 发布日期:2023-06-26
通讯作者: 吉艳芝
作者简介:可艳军E-mail：349571289@qq.com
张雨萌E-mail： 954180401@ qq.com第一联系人：可艳军和张雨萌为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300905)

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Subsoiling on Farmland Soil Fertility and Crop Yield

Yanjun KE¹(), Yumeng ZHANG²(), Yanjie GUO²^,³, Lijuan ZHANG²^,³, Zitao ZHANG², Yanzhi JI²^,³()

^1.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Zaoqiang County，Hengshui City，Hebei Province，Hebei Hengshui 053199，China
^2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071000，China
^3.Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Baoding 071000，China

Received:2022-03-27 Accepted:2022-06-27 Online:2023-04-01 Published:2023-06-26
Contact: Yanzhi JI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究生物有机肥配合深松对农田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响，采用田间裂区设计，冬小麦季设置生物有机肥替代化肥氮0%（M0）、10%（M1）、20%（M2）3个主区，夏玉米季设置传统耕作（P）和深松耕作（S）2个副区，分析不同处理下土壤理化性状、微生物量与作物产量等。2年的试验结果表明，与传统（M0P）相比，生物有机肥替代化肥氮10%、20%配合深松的土壤容重分别降低8.03%和6.57%，水稳性大团聚体含量提高46.12%和28.01%；pH由8.17降到7.94和8.00；土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量随生物有机肥替代量的增加而增加，深松耕作对土壤养分提升效果不显著；土壤微生物量碳、氮量在小麦季分别增加15.77%和17.28%，夏玉米季分别提高66.49%和55.30%；作物总产量分别达到39 256 和36 618 kg·hm^-2，较对照处理分别增加13.20%和10.46%。综上所述，冬小麦季采用生物有机肥替代化肥氮10%~20%配合夏玉米季深松播种，能改善土壤理化性状，增加微生物量，提高作物产量，可作为改良华北平原农田土壤肥力提升的有效措施。

关键词: 生物有机肥, 深松, 土壤肥力, 产量, 小麦-玉米轮作

Abstract:

To study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with deep loosening on soil fertility and crop yield， a field split-zone design was used， with three main zones of 0% （M0）， 10% （M1） and 20% （M2） of bio-organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer N in winter wheat season， and two sub-zones of conventional tillage （P） and deep loosening tillage （S） in summer corn season， the soil physical and chemical properties， microbial load and crop yield were analyzed under different treatments. The results of the 2 years experiment showed that compared with conventional （M0P）， the soil capacity of bio-organic fertilizer replacing 10% and 20% of chemical fertilizer N with deep tillage decreased by 8.03% and 6.57%， respectively， and the content of water-stable macromolecules increased by 46.12% and 28.01%； pH decreased from 8.17 to 7.94 and 8.00. The soil organic matter， nitrate nitrogen， effective phosphorus and fast-acting potassium contents increased with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer replacement， and the effect of deep tillage on soil nutrient enhancement was not significant. Soil microbial carbon and nitrogen increased by 15.77% and 17.28% in wheat season and 66.49% and 55.30% in summer maize season， respectively； total crop yield reached 39 256 and 36 618 kg·hm^-2， increasing by 13.20% and 10.46% compared with the control treatment， respectively. In conclusion， the use of bio-organic fertilizer to replace 10%~20% of chemical fertilizer N in the winter wheat season in combination with the deep pine sowing in the summer maize season could improve the soil physicochemical properties， increase the microbial load and improve the crop yield， which could be used as an effective measure to improve the soil fertility enhancement of farmland in the North China Plain.

Key words: biological organic fertilizer, subsoiling, soil fertility, yield, wheat-corn rotation

中图分类号:

S158.5

可艳军, 张雨萌, 郭艳杰, 张丽娟, 张子涛, 吉艳芝. 生物有机肥配合深松对农田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 157-166.

Yanjun KE, Yumeng ZHANG, Yanjie GUO, Lijuan ZHANG, Zitao ZHANG, Yanzhi JI. Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Subsoiling on Farmland Soil Fertility and Crop Yield[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 157-166.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	2017—2018		2018—2019
处理 Treatment	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer corn	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer corn
M0P	1.37 a	1.46 a	1.31 a	1.37 a
M1P	1.33 a	1.40 ab	1.27 a	1.31 ab
M2P	1.28 b	1.43 ab	1.24 ab	1.30 b
M0S	—	1.39 ab	1.25 ab	1.29 b
M1S	—	1.34 b	1.19 b	1.28 b
M2S	—	1.35 b	1.18 b	1.27 b

处理 Treatment	2017—2018		2018—2019
处理 Treatment	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer corn	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer corn
M0P	1.37 a	1.46 a	1.31 a	1.37 a
M1P	1.33 a	1.40 ab	1.27 a	1.31 ab
M2P	1.28 b	1.43 ab	1.24 ab	1.30 b
M0S	—	1.39 ab	1.25 ab	1.29 b
M1S	—	1.34 b	1.19 b	1.28 b
M2S	—	1.35 b	1.18 b	1.27 b

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	各粒级含量比例 Particle size content proportion/%							平均重量直径MWD/mm	几何平均直径GMD/mm
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	<0.25	0.25~0.5	0.5~1	1~2	2~5	>5	R_0.25	平均重量直径MWD/mm	几何平均直径GMD/mm
冬小麦 Winter wheat	M0P	71.84 ab	12.96 c	8.58 ab	3.34 a	2.96 a	0.32 c	28.16 cd	0.26 c	0.20 b
	M1P	67.69 bc	16.96 bc	10.40 ab	2.42 a	1.41 b	1.12 b	32.31 bc	0.30 b	0.21 ab
	M2P	59.82 c	18.93 ab	12.23 a	4.91 a	2.33 ab	1.78 b	40.18 a	0.43 ab	0.25 a
	M0S	76.50 a	10.30 c	5.85 b	2.64 a	2.29 ab	2.42 ab	23.50 d	0.36 ab	0.20 b
	M1S	62.75 c	19.30 a	9.10 ab	3.30 a	2.72 ab	2.83 ab	37.25 ab	0.47 ab	0.24 a
	M2S	62.65 c	17.48 ab	9.96 ab	3.39 a	2.84 a	3.69 a	37.35 ab	0.54 a	0.25 a
夏玉米 Summer corn	M0P	76.26 a	6.05 a	5.16 a	3.89 b	4.36 a	4.28 a	23.74 b	0.55 b	0.22 b
	M1P	71.77 ab	7.24 a	6.80 a	5.14 ab	4.54 a	4.51 a	28.23 ab	0.61 ab	0.24 ab
	M2P	67.95 b	7.59 a	7.28 a	6.66 ab	5.57 a	4.95 a	32.05 ab	0.69 a	0.27 ab
	M0S	73.90 ab	6.36 a	5.72 a	4.38 b	4.96 a	4.68 a	26.10 b	0.61 ab	0.23 ab
	M1S	69.61 ab	7.52 a	6.95 a	6.10 ab	5.04 a	4.78 a	30.39 ab	0.66 ab	0.26 ab
	M2S	65.31 b	8.28 a	7.67 a	7.02 a	6.68 a	5.04 a	34.69 a	0.74 a	0.28 a

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	各粒级含量比例 Particle size content proportion/%							平均重量直径MWD/mm	几何平均直径GMD/mm
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	<0.25	0.25~0.5	0.5~1	1~2	2~5	>5	R_0.25	平均重量直径MWD/mm	几何平均直径GMD/mm
冬小麦 Winter wheat	M0P	71.84 ab	12.96 c	8.58 ab	3.34 a	2.96 a	0.32 c	28.16 cd	0.26 c	0.20 b
	M1P	67.69 bc	16.96 bc	10.40 ab	2.42 a	1.41 b	1.12 b	32.31 bc	0.30 b	0.21 ab
	M2P	59.82 c	18.93 ab	12.23 a	4.91 a	2.33 ab	1.78 b	40.18 a	0.43 ab	0.25 a
	M0S	76.50 a	10.30 c	5.85 b	2.64 a	2.29 ab	2.42 ab	23.50 d	0.36 ab	0.20 b
	M1S	62.75 c	19.30 a	9.10 ab	3.30 a	2.72 ab	2.83 ab	37.25 ab	0.47 ab	0.24 a
	M2S	62.65 c	17.48 ab	9.96 ab	3.39 a	2.84 a	3.69 a	37.35 ab	0.54 a	0.25 a
夏玉米 Summer corn	M0P	76.26 a	6.05 a	5.16 a	3.89 b	4.36 a	4.28 a	23.74 b	0.55 b	0.22 b
	M1P	71.77 ab	7.24 a	6.80 a	5.14 ab	4.54 a	4.51 a	28.23 ab	0.61 ab	0.24 ab
	M2P	67.95 b	7.59 a	7.28 a	6.66 ab	5.57 a	4.95 a	32.05 ab	0.69 a	0.27 ab
	M0S	73.90 ab	6.36 a	5.72 a	4.38 b	4.96 a	4.68 a	26.10 b	0.61 ab	0.23 ab
	M1S	69.61 ab	7.52 a	6.95 a	6.10 ab	5.04 a	4.78 a	30.39 ab	0.66 ab	0.26 ab
	M2S	65.31 b	8.28 a	7.67 a	7.02 a	6.68 a	5.04 a	34.69 a	0.74 a	0.28 a

养分 Nutrient	处理 Treatment	2017—2018		2018—2019
养分 Nutrient	处理 Treatment	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer corn	冬小麦 Winter wheat	夏玉米 Summer corn
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen/ （mg·kg^-1）	M0P	4.07 b	4.26 d	5.18 bc	6.72 b
	M1P	6.13 ab	8.80 bc	5.06 bc	7.76 b
	M2P	7.80 a	11.47 ab	10.90 a	7.77 b
	M0S	—	6.69 cd	2.69 c	8.34 ab
	M1S	—	12.05 ab	5.05 bc	10.83 a
	M2S	—	13.48 a	6.52 b	6.68 b
有效磷 Available phosphorus/ （mg·kg^-1）	M0P	18.81 b	11.09 c	23.83 c	20.81 bc
	M1P	24.88 a	17.95 b	25.33 bc	26.52 a
	M2P	25.12 a	12.00 c	24.98 bc	24.22 ab
	M0S	—	18.04 b	28.79 bc	10.99 e
	M1S	—	22.68 a	31.79 b	19.10 cd
	M2S	—	17.92 b	44.26 a	14.32 de
速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）	M0P	226.63 b	265.32 a	352.95 b	265.75 b
	M1P	273.33 a	239.33 ab	412.10 a	375.45 a
	M2P	282.93 a	225.23 b	377.23 b	294.20 b
	M0S	—	189.07 c	357.55 b	278.30 b
	M1S	—	248.18 ab	379.05 b	357.55 a
	M2S	—	270.33 a	360.77 b	275.80 b

生物有机肥配合深松对农田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Subsoiling on Farmland Soil Fertility and Crop Yield

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	冬小麦Winter wheat		夏玉米Summer corn
处理 Treatment	微生物量碳 MBC	微生物量氮 MBN	微生物量碳 MBC	微生物量氮 MBN
M0P	355.84 b	15.62 b	212.65 c	49.51 c
M1P	367.95 ab	16.49 ab	250.93 bc	58.79 bc
M2P	386.11 ab	16.87 ab	308.23 ab	66.08 ab
M0S	370.75 ab	16.09 ab	240.67 bc	54.79 bc
M1S	381.44 ab	17.27 ab	307.26 ab	60.40 ab
M2S	411.94 a	18.32 a	354.05 a	78.87 a

年份 Year	作物 Crop	处理 Treatment
年份 Year	作物 Crop	M0P	M1P	M2P	M0S	M1S	M2S
2017—2018	冬小麦 Winter wheat	6 973 a	7 208 a	7 300 a	—	—	—
2017—2018	夏玉米 Summer corn	10 882 a	12 238 a	12 809 a	11 855 a	11 822 a	12 911 a
2018—2019	冬小麦 Winter wheat	6 600 b	6 767 b	7 350 a	6 700 b	7 000 ab	7 367 a
2018—2019	夏玉米 Summer corn	8 696 b	10 425 ab	10 069 ab	9 763 ab	10 588 ab	11 678 a
合计 Total		33 151 c	36 638 ab	37 528 ab	35 291 bc	36 618 ab	39 256 a

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