柠檬酸强化籽粒苋修复镉污染土壤效果研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0247

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨外源添加柠檬酸对籽粒苋修复镉污染土壤的强化效果，选取中（M）、轻度（L）2种镉污染水平土壤，设置2.5（T1）、5.0（T2）、10.0（T3）、20.0 mmol·kg^-1（T4）共4个柠檬酸用量处理，以不添加柠檬酸作为对照（CK），研究不同镉污染土壤中籽粒苋的修复特性对施用柠檬酸的响应特征。结果表明，中、轻度镉污染土壤外源添加柠檬酸均在一定程度上降低了土壤pH，促进土壤镉组分转化并提高了土壤镉生物有效性。轻度镉污染土壤施用柠檬酸显著提高了籽粒苋地上部镉含量但未影响其正常生长，显著提升了籽粒苋地上部镉移除率，其增幅随柠檬酸用量增加呈上升趋势，在58.58%~213.20%，其中L-T4处理效果最佳，地上部镉移除率（18.98%）显著高于其他处理。施用柠檬酸后中度镉污染土壤背景下籽粒苋地上部镉含量总体呈增加趋势，但由于镉过量富集抑制了其正常生长，因此外源施用柠檬酸并未显著改变籽粒苋地上部镉移除率。综上可知，施用20 mmol·kg^-1柠檬酸通过降低pH、增加镉生物有效性及镉移除率等有效提升了轻度镉污染土壤中籽粒苋的修复效率，但籽粒苋修复中度镉污染土壤无需施用柠檬酸，外源添加柠檬酸可在一定程度上强化籽粒苋修复镉污染土壤的效果。研究结果对中、轻度镉污染农田治理具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。

关键词: 镉污染土壤, 植物修复, 籽粒苋, 柠檬酸, 镉组分

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of exogenous citric acid addition on the remediation of cadmium （Cd） contaminated soil by Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.， 2 Cd contaminated soils with moderate （M） and low （L） were selected and treated with 4 citric acid dosage of 2.5（T1）， 5.0（T2）， 10.0（T3）， 20.0 mmol·kg^-1（T4） to study the response of phytoremediation characteristics of A. hypochondriacus L. to citric acid application with no citric acid added as control （CK）. The results showed that exogenous addition of citric acid to moderate and low Cd contaminated soil reduced soil pH to a certain extent， promoted the conversion of Cd components in soil and improved the biological availability of Cd in soil. The application of citric acid in low Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased the above-ground Cd content but did not affect the normal growth， and significantly increased the above-ground Cd remediation efficiency， which increased with the increase of citric acid dosage， ranging from 58.58% to 213.20%， among them， L-T4 treatment had the best effect， and the aboveground Cd removal rate （18.98%） was significantly higher than other treatment. Although the above-ground Cd content in moderately Cd-polluted soil after application of citric acid showed an increasing trend， the above-ground Cd removal rate was not significantly changed by exogenous application of citric acid because excessive enrichment of Cd inhibited its normal growth. In conclusion， applying 20 mmol·kg^-1 citric acid could effectively improve the remediation efficiency of A. hypochondriacus L. in low Cd polluted soil by reducing pH， increasing Cd bioavailability， Cd removal rate and so on. However， there was no need to apply citric acid when A. hypochondriacus L. was used to repair moderate Cd contaminated soil. Therefore， the exogenous addition of citric acid could enhance the Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. remediation of Cd-polluted soil to a certain extent. Above results provided important reference value and guiding significance for the treatment of moderate and low Cd contaminated farmland.

Key words: Cd-contaminated soil, phytoremediation, Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., citric acid, Cd components

中图分类号:

S156

周峻宇, 谷雨, 吴海勇, 李明德, 刘琼峰, 周旋, 董春华. 柠檬酸强化籽粒苋修复镉污染土壤效果研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(9): 215-223.

Junyu ZHOU, Yu GU, Haiyong WU, Mingde LI, Qiongfeng LIU, Xuan ZHOU, Chunhua DONG. Effects of Citric Acid on Enhance the Remediation of Cd-contaminated Soil by Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(9): 215-223.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	转运系数 Translocation factor	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor			移除率 Removal rate/%
处理 Treatment	转运系数 Translocation factor	地上部Aboveground	地下部Underground	总 Total	地上部 Aboveground	总 Total
L-CK	1.04±0.25 b	4.97±0.53 c	4.89±0.61 a	4.97±0.43 c	6.06±1.60 c	6.64±1.60 c
L-T1	1.25±0.12 b	7.35±0.63 b	5.89±0.22 a	7.24±0.61 b	9.77±2.20 b	10.39±2.27 b
L-T2	1.26±0.22 b	7.49±1.19 ab	5.75±1.55 a	7.32±1.76 ab	9.61±2.65 b	10.33±2.97 b
L-T3	1.32±0.17 b	7.38±1.21 ab	5.56±0.58 a	7.20±1.59 ab	10.17±2.28 b	10.96±2.42 b
L-T4	1.75±0.29 a	8.75±1.26 a	5.14±0.93 a	8.47±1.12 a	18.98±4.86 a	20.04±4.48 a
M-CK	0.91±0.21 a	4.46±0.65 b	5.13±1.51 a	4.51±0.69 b	6.67±1.41 a	7.22±1.60 a
M-T1	1.03±0.11 a	4.22±0.55 b	4.15±0.65 a	4.22±0.55 b	5.03±1.18 a	5.50±0.93 a
M-T2	0.83±0.15 a	4.96±0.84 b	6.06±1.01 a	5.04±0.82 ab	7.11±1.84 a	7.79±2.08 a
M-T3	1.17±0.36 a	5.56±1.03 ab	4.73±0.71 a	5.49±1.90 ab	6.24±2.21 a	6.78±2.18 a
M-T4	1.17±0.26 a	6.96±1.40 a	6.20±1.97 a	6.89±1.44 a	7.12±2.57 a	7.73±2.81 a

处理 Treatment	转运系数 Translocation factor	富集系数 Bioconcentration factor			移除率 Removal rate/%
处理 Treatment	转运系数 Translocation factor	地上部Aboveground	地下部Underground	总 Total	地上部 Aboveground	总 Total
L-CK	1.04±0.25 b	4.97±0.53 c	4.89±0.61 a	4.97±0.43 c	6.06±1.60 c	6.64±1.60 c
L-T1	1.25±0.12 b	7.35±0.63 b	5.89±0.22 a	7.24±0.61 b	9.77±2.20 b	10.39±2.27 b
L-T2	1.26±0.22 b	7.49±1.19 ab	5.75±1.55 a	7.32±1.76 ab	9.61±2.65 b	10.33±2.97 b
L-T3	1.32±0.17 b	7.38±1.21 ab	5.56±0.58 a	7.20±1.59 ab	10.17±2.28 b	10.96±2.42 b
L-T4	1.75±0.29 a	8.75±1.26 a	5.14±0.93 a	8.47±1.12 a	18.98±4.86 a	20.04±4.48 a
M-CK	0.91±0.21 a	4.46±0.65 b	5.13±1.51 a	4.51±0.69 b	6.67±1.41 a	7.22±1.60 a
M-T1	1.03±0.11 a	4.22±0.55 b	4.15±0.65 a	4.22±0.55 b	5.03±1.18 a	5.50±0.93 a
M-T2	0.83±0.15 a	4.96±0.84 b	6.06±1.01 a	5.04±0.82 ab	7.11±1.84 a	7.79±2.08 a
M-T3	1.17±0.36 a	5.56±1.03 ab	4.73±0.71 a	5.49±1.90 ab	6.24±2.21 a	6.78±2.18 a
M-T4	1.17±0.26 a	6.96±1.40 a	6.20±1.97 a	6.89±1.44 a	7.12±2.57 a	7.73±2.81 a