烤烟间作半夏对烤烟生长及产量和品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0009

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (7): 161-169.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0009

烤烟间作半夏对烤烟生长及产量和品质的影响

周文¹(), 郭笑恒¹(), 徐锐², 王晓丽², 牛慧伟³, 韩丹¹(), 邵惠芳¹()

^1.河南农业大学烟草学院, 郑州 450002
^2.湖北省烟草公司襄阳市公司, 湖北襄阳 441003
^3.中国烟草总公司职工进修学院, 郑州 450003

收稿日期:2022-01-05 接受日期:2022-04-12 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-25
通讯作者: 韩丹,邵惠芳
作者简介:周文 E-mail：2207568640@qq.com
郭笑恒 E-mail：1085201371@qq.com第一联系人：周文和郭笑恒为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
河南省科技攻关项目(212102110066);河南农业大学科技创新基金项目(KJCX2017A09);中国烟草总公司湖北省公司科技攻关项目(027Y2020-018)

Effects of Intercropping Pinellia ternata on Growth， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

Wen ZHOU¹(), Xiaoheng GUO¹(), Rui XU², Xiaoli WANG², Huiwei NIU³, Dan HAN¹(), Huifang SHAO¹()

^1.College of Tobacco Science，Henan Agricultural University，Zhengzhou 450002，China
^2.Xiangyang Company of Hubei Tobacco Company，Hubei Xiangyang 441003，China
^3.Staff Development lnstitute of China National Tobacco Corporation，Zhengzhou 450003，China

Received:2022-01-05 Accepted:2022-04-12 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-25
Contact: Dan HAN,Huifang SHAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明烤烟间作半夏对烤烟产量、品质和经济效益的影响，设置烤烟单作（CK）及半夏与烤烟分别按照1∶2（C1）、1∶3 （C2）、1∶4（C3）的比例进行间作共4个处理，研究烤烟间作半夏对烤烟农艺性状、抗病性、产量、品质和经济性状的影响。结果表明，相对于单作，烤烟间作半夏显著提高了烤烟的株高和最大叶面积，改善了烤烟冠层形态；显著减少了赤星病病害的发生，相对防治效果为45%（C1）、30.7%（C2）和38.2%（C3）。并且，间作半夏提高了烤烟上、中、下部叶的中性致香物质总量，改善了烟叶品质；提高了上等烟比例和经济效益。其中，半夏与烤烟1∶2间作处理的综合收效较单作提高6.1%，整体表现最好，为缓解烟草连作障碍、实现助农增收提供了新途径。

关键词: 烤烟, 半夏, 间作, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the influence of flue-cured tobacco intercropping with Pinellia ternata on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and economic benefit， 4 treatments were set up including flue-cured tobacco monoculture （CK） and flue-cured tobacco intercropping with Pinellia ternata according to 1∶2 （C1）， 1∶3 （C2） and 1∶4 （C3）. The agronomic characters， disease resistance， yield， quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were determined. The results showed that， compared with CK， the model of flue-cured tobacco intercropping with Pinellia ternata had significant effects on the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco， which significantly increased plant height and maximum leaf area， and improved canopy morphology. In terms of controlling diseases and insect pests， the intercropping model with Pinellia ternata could significantly reduce the occurrence of red spot disease， which the relative control effect was 45% （C1）， 30.7% （C2） and 38.2% （C3）， respectively. Compared with CK， the intercropping model with Pinellia ternata increased the total amount of neutral aroma substances in the upper leaves， middle leaves and lower leaves， and improved fine tobacco ratio and high economic benefit. Among 3 intercropping treatments， C1 treatment showed that the comprehensive benefit increased by 6.1% than CK treatment， which provided a new way to reduce obstacles of tobacco continuous cropping and increase economic income of farmers.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, Pinellia ternata, intercropping, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S572

周文, 郭笑恒, 徐锐, 王晓丽, 牛慧伟, 韩丹, 邵惠芳. 烤烟间作半夏对烤烟生长及产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 161-169.

Wen ZHOU, Xiaoheng GUO, Rui XU, Xiaoli WANG, Huiwei NIU, Dan HAN, Huifang SHAO. Effects of Intercropping Pinellia ternata on Growth， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 161-169.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girth/cm	节间距 Pitch step/cm	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
CK	91.60±5.77 b	9.70±0.51 a	4.88±0.29 a	1 304.45±72.79 b
C1	101.90±3.77 a	9.71±0.44 a	4.79±0.17 a	1 454.27±82.46 a
C2	105.90±6.42 a	9.66±0.82 a	4.67±0.38 a	1 486.49±79.63 a
C3	98.70±4.58 ab	9.55±0.65 a	4.84±0.26 a	1 352.37±86.38 ab

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girth/cm	节间距 Pitch step/cm	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
CK	91.60±5.77 b	9.70±0.51 a	4.88±0.29 a	1 304.45±72.79 b
C1	101.90±3.77 a	9.71±0.44 a	4.79±0.17 a	1 454.27±82.46 a
C2	105.90±6.42 a	9.66±0.82 a	4.67±0.38 a	1 486.49±79.63 a
C3	98.70±4.58 ab	9.55±0.65 a	4.84±0.26 a	1 352.37±86.38 ab

处理 Treatment	茎叶夹角 Cauline leaf angle/（°）	叶向值 Leaf orientation value	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）
CK	63.50±3.53 c	82.36±4.74 c	4.58±0.36 a	8.30±0.30 c
C1	67.00±4.37 bc	86.54±6.53 bc	2.48±0.19 c	8.93±0.36 bc
C2	77.00±6.04 a	95.13±5.49 a	3.60±0.22 b	10.31±0.41 a
C3	72.00±4.35 b	90.75±6.94 b	4.26±0.25 a	9.17±0.41 b

处理 Treatment	茎叶夹角 Cauline leaf angle/（°）	叶向值 Leaf orientation value	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate/（μmol·m^-2·s^-1）
CK	63.50±3.53 c	82.36±4.74 c	4.58±0.36 a	8.30±0.30 c
C1	67.00±4.37 bc	86.54±6.53 bc	2.48±0.19 c	8.93±0.36 bc
C2	77.00±6.04 a	95.13±5.49 a	3.60±0.22 b	10.31±0.41 a
C3	72.00±4.35 b	90.75±6.94 b	4.26±0.25 a	9.17±0.41 b

叶位 Leaf position	处理Treatment	总糖含量 Total sugar content/%	烟碱含量 Nicotine content/%	氯含量Chlorine content/%	还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content/%	钾含量Kalium content/%	两糖比 Ratio sugar/total sugar	糖碱比 Ratio sugar/nicotine
上部叶Upper leaves	CK	19.72±0.44 c	3.06±0.14 a	0.83±0.05 a	16.49±0.97 c	1.94±0.26 a	0.84±0.04 b	5.39±0.12 c
	C1	23.27±1.00 a	3.19±0.18 a	0.38±0.03 c	17.21±0.54 bc	2.24±0.12 a	0.74±0.02 c	5.39±0.19 c
	C2	21.37±0.49 b	3.01±0.25 a	0.47±0.03 b	19.72±0.33 a	2.10±0.18 a	0.92±0.07 a	6.55±0.13 a
	C3	20.67±1.45 bc	3.01±0.17 a	0.72±0.06 a	18.03±0.43 b	1.98±0.23 a	0.88±0.09 ab	5.99±0.21 b
中部叶Middle leaves	CK	18.72±0.90 c	3.12±0.11 a	0.62±0.05 a	14.72±1.09 b	1.65±0.11 b	0.79±0.03 a	4.72±0.11 c
	C1	28.66±1.37 a	2.34±0.13 c	0.32±0.02 c	22.07±0.94 a	2.22±0.28 a	0.76±0.06 a	9.43±0.21 a
	C2	22.10±1.87 b	2.63±0.13 b	0.45±0.05 b	16.62±0.98 b	2.16±0.27 a	0.75±0.05 a	6.32±0.12 b
	C3	19.95±1.24 bc	3.08±0.19 a	0.57±0.07 ab	15.43±0.96 b	2.00±0.20 a	0.77±0.06 a	5.06±0.10 c
下部叶Lower leaves	CK	21.02±1.16 a	1.67±0.06 b	1.10±0.06 a	16.18±0.86 a	2.79±0.25 b	0.77±0.04 a	9.69±0.36 a
	C1	16.52±1.40 b	1.47±0.12 c	0.68±0.05 c	11.90±0.50 b	3.47±0.54 b	0.72±0.03 b	8.10±0.23 b
	C2	20.39±1.27 a	1.69±0.09 b	0.92±0.07 b	15.36±0.90 a	4.12±0.24 a	0.75±0.03 a	9.09±0.31 ab
	C3	21.81±1.05 a	2.65±0.18 a	1.06±0.07 ab	17.02±0.54 a	3.10±0.12 b	0.73±0.04 ab	6.05±0.14 c

烤烟间作半夏对烤烟生长及产量和品质的影响

Effects of Intercropping Pinellia ternata on Growth， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

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Metrics

叶位 Leaf position	类别 Category	CK	C1	C2	C3
上部叶Upper leaves	类胡萝卜素降解产物 Carotenoid degradation products	48.09±2.40 b	63.29±2.53 ab	72.92±3.65 a	50.24±3.01 b
	苯丙氨酸类降解产物 Phenylalanine degradation products	15.87±0.79 a	13.58±0.81 b	15.18±0.76 a	11.57±0.46 c
	美拉德反应产物 Maillard reaction product	15.04±0.60 c	21.12±1.27 a	18.04±0.81 b	18.51±0.87 ab
	类西柏烷类降解产物（茄酮） Ceberane-like degradation products（Solanone）	22.12±1.15 b	9.87±0.23 d	38.57±2.12 a	16.04±0.58 c
	叶绿素降解产物（新植二烯） Chlorophyll degradation products（Neophytadiene）	566.41±20.23 d	742.10±25.32 b	786.81±26.41 a	728.04±23.15 c
	总量Total	667.53±31.37 c	849.96±38.25 ab	931.52±45.64 a	824.40±38.76 b
中部叶Middle leaves	类胡萝卜素降解产物 Carotenoid degradation products	49.95±2.55 c	53.28±3.12 b	43.96±2.67 d	58.19±2.56 a
	苯丙氨酸类降解产物 Phenylalanine degradation products	11.91±0.75 a	12.73±1.27 a	7.42±0.65 b	7.95±0.26 b
	美拉德反应产物 Maillard reaction product	20.22±0.89 a	21.04±0.44 a	13.36±0.27 d	15.21±0.56 c

叶位 Leaf position	类别 Category	CK	C1	C2	C3
中部叶Middle leaves	类西柏烷类降解产物（茄酮） Ceberane-like degradation products（Solanone）	23.85±1.95 a	20.83±1.56b	7.58±0.25 c	5.23±0.18 c
	叶绿素降解产物（新植二烯） Chlorophyll degradation products（Neophytadiene）	559.74±22.36 d	593.78±24.61 c	784.65±28.37 b	823.42±30.22 a
	总量Total	665.67±26.43 d	701.66±29.32 c	856.97±32.76 b	910.00±37.64 a
下部叶Lower leaves	类胡萝卜素降解产物 Carotenoid degradation products	42.14±2.57 b	32.43±2.31 c	63.23±3.45 a	32.20±2.51 c
	苯丙氨酸类降解产物 Phenylalanine degradation products	15.36±1.07 b	7.71±0.85 c	19.02±1.32 a	6.79±0.26 c
	美拉德反应产物 Maillard reaction product	20.90±1.99 b	16.67±1.31 c	25.56±1.04 a	10.88±0.61 d
	类西柏烷类降解产物（茄酮） Ceberane-like degradation products（Solanone）	31.45±2.64 b	11.15±1.87 c	43.00±3.12 a	30.21±2.45 b
	叶绿素降解产物（新植二烯） Chlorophyll degradation products（Neophytadiene）	435.62±17.34 c	653.08±28.64 a	644.40±24.38 a	512.94±20.43 b
	总量Total	545.47±21.54 b	721.04±33.31 a	795.21±33.56 a	593.02±24.87 b

处理 Treatment		上等烟比例 Fine tobacco ratio/%	产量 Yield/（kg·hm^-2）	均价 Average price/（yuan·kg^-1）	产值 Output value/（yuan·hm^-2）	成本 Cost/ （yuan·hm^-2）	综合效益 Comprehensive benefit/（yuan·hm^-2）
CK	烤烟 Flue-cured tobacco	55.85±2.12 b	1 744.05±174.75 a	25.81±1.02 d	45 013.95±1 798.05 a		45 013.95±2 376.45 b
C1	烤烟 Flue-cured tobacco	56.62±2.61 b	1 289.10±81.30 d	25.98±1.35 c	33 490.80±1 985.40 d		47 740.80±2 974.80 a
C1	半夏 Pinellia ternata		675.00±49.80 a	70.00	47 250.00±3 449.40 a	33 000	47 740.80±2 974.80 a
C2	烤烟 Flue-cured tobacco	61.11±3.26 a	1 392.30±68.85 c	27.34±2.01 a	38 065.50±1 654.05 c		47 365.50±2 436.45 a
C2	半夏 Pinellia ternata		465.00±34.05 b	70.00	32 550.00±2 135.70 b	23 250	47 365.50±2 436.45 a
C3	烤烟 Flue-cured tobacco	60.33±2.65 a	1512.45±95.55 b	26.21±1.67 b	39 641.25±2 504.40 b		43 091.25±2 303.40 c
C3	半夏 Pinellia ternata		225.00±24.45 c	70.00	15 750.00±1 712.25 c	12 300	43 091.25±2 303.40 c

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