Abstract: In order to quantitatively analyze the effects of nitrogen application level on the growth and yield of winter wheat, this paper performed the wheat nitrogen application test in 2016—2018 with the material ‘Jimai 22’. Based on the experiment data of 2016—2017, the influence of nitrogen levels on winter wheat yield was analyzed, the influence factor of above-ground dry biomass weight, yield and yield components were introduced, and the simulation models of winter wheat growth and yield under various nitrogen levels were constructed. These models were validated with an independent dataset collected in 2017—2018. The results showed that all root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (da), and ratio of da to the mean observation (dap) indicated that the simulated values were consistent with the measured data except for the correlation (r) of yield and spike number per hectare were not good enough. All values of the above-ground dry biomass weight, seed number per spike, 1 000-grains weight, and harvest index were reached a significant level. Thus, these models can be used to simulate the effects of nitrogen application level on winter wheat growth and yield, and provide some reference for the efficient utilization and precise reduction of nitrogen fertilizer in winter wheat.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen application, growth, yield, simulation model

摘要： 为了定量分析施氮量与冬小麦生长和产量的关系，以‘济麦22’为材料，于2016—2018年度开展了小麦施氮量试验。利用2016—2017年度试验资料，分析了施氮量对冬小麦产量的影响规律，引入冬小麦地上部干物质量影响因子、产量及产量构成影响因子，构建了施氮量对冬小麦产量影响的模拟模型。经2017—2018年小麦生长季试验数据检验，根均方差值、绝对误差和绝对误差占实测值比率均显示模拟值和实测值有较高的一致性，除产量和单位面积穗数相关系数不理想外，地上部干物质量、穗粒数、千粒重和收获指数的相关系数均较高，所建模型可较好地模拟施氮对冬小麦地上部干物质量、籽粒产量、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和收获指数的影响，可为冬小麦氮肥高效利用和精准减量施肥提供一定的参考。

关键词: 冬小麦, 施氮, 生长, 产量, 模拟模型