Effect of Exogenous Phosphorus Regulation on Saponins Content and Inter-root Soil of Cultivated Ginseng

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0292

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of exogenous phosphorus fertilizer on the quality of ginseng in continuous cropping soil， the soil of the continuous cropping ginseng land was as the experimental material， and 4 phosphorus application treatments were set including 0.00 （CK）， 0.44 （P1）， 0.62 （P2）， 0.80 g·kg^-1 （P3）. The saponins content of cultivated ginseng and the physicochemical properties， soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of different treatments were determined. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were combined to clarify the patterns of changes in cultivated ginseng ginsenosides and soil properties with the growth period. The results showed that the fresh and dry weights of ginseng increased with the increase of phosphate fertilizer application amount， and P1 and P2 treatments had a positive effect on the contents of soil alkaline nitrogen， available potassium and organic matter. The accumulation of ginsenosides and total saponins was positively regulated by low level of exogenous phosphorus. Soil conductivity， available potassium and soil protease had a positive regulatory effect on ginsenoside accumulation. The principal component analysis extracted 2 principal components， which the cumulative contribution rate reached 94.726%. The comprehensive analysis indicated the cultivated ginseng of P1 treatment （0.44 g·kg^-1） showed better growth， accumulated more ginsenoside effective components， and the soil environment was more suitable for ginseng growth. Above results provided scientific basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer to the soil improved old ginseng land.

Key words: phosphorus, Panax ginseng, nutritional element, saponin, correlation

摘要：

为探究外源磷肥对改良参地土壤中人参质量的影响，以改良后的人参连作土壤为试验材料，分别施用磷肥0.00（CK）、0.44（P1）、0.62（P2）、0.80 g·kg^-1（P3），共计4个处理，对不同处理下栽培人参的皂苷含量、根际土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性进行检测，结合相关性分析和主成分分析明确人参皂苷及土壤性质随生长时期变化的规律。结果表明，人参的鲜重和干重随磷肥施用量的增加而增加，P1和P2处理对土壤碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量有正向促进作用。低水平磷处理对人参皂苷及总皂苷的积累有正向调控作用；土壤电导率、速效钾和土壤蛋白酶对人参皂苷积累有正向调控作用。主成分分析提取出2个主成分，累计贡献率达94.726%。综合分析表明，P1（0.44 g·kg^-1）处理栽培人参的长势更好，人参皂苷有效成分积累更多，土壤环境更适宜人参生长。以上研究结果为改良后人参连作土壤合理施用磷肥提供了科学依据。

关键词: 磷, 人参, 营养元素, 皂苷, 相关性

CLC Number:

Jing FANG, Chunshuo LIU, Rui LIU, Zhefeng XU, Yuqiu CHEN, Weichen QI, Changbao CHEN, Tao ZHANG. Effect of Exogenous Phosphorus Regulation on Saponins Content and Inter-root Soil of Cultivated Ginseng[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(10): 238-249.

方晶, 刘春铄, 刘蕊, 徐哲丰, 陈雨秋, 齐伟辰, 陈长宝, 张涛. 外源磷对栽培人参皂苷含量及根际土壤的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(10): 238-249.

Figures/Tables 13

References 30

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时间 Time/min	流动相A Fluid phase A/%	流动相B Fluid phase B/%
0—18	19→23	81→77
18—28	23→28	77→72
28—30	28→32	72→68
30—50	32→34	68→66
50—70	34→80	66→20

时间 Time/min	流动相A Fluid phase A/%	流动相B Fluid phase B/%
0—18	19→23	81→77
18—28	23→28	77→72
28—30	28→32	72→68
30—50	32→34	68→66
50—70	34→80	66→20

人参皂苷 Ginsenoside	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²	含量线性范围 Linear range of content/mg
Ro	y=214 055x+26.759	0.999 0	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rg₁	y=223 076x+23.105	0.999 0	0.001 2~0.024 0
Re	y=220 380x+10.868	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rf	y=306 357x+62.417	0.999 7	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rb₁	y=155 839x+1.099	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rc	y=181 626x-10.791	0.999 9	0.001 0~0.020 0
Rb₂	y=217 709x-2.963	0.999 8	0.000 9~0.018 0
Rb₃	y=203 643x-2.797	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rd	y=212 073x+1.318	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rh₂	y=152 219x+9.985	0.999 7	0.001 3~0.026 0
Rg₃	y=509 071x+44.312	0.999 8	0.001 0~0.020 0
总皂苷 Total saponins	y=1.939 7x+0.144	0.999 7	0.100 0~1.000 4

人参皂苷 Ginsenoside	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²	含量线性范围 Linear range of content/mg
Ro	y=214 055x+26.759	0.999 0	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rg₁	y=223 076x+23.105	0.999 0	0.001 2~0.024 0
Re	y=220 380x+10.868	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rf	y=306 357x+62.417	0.999 7	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rb₁	y=155 839x+1.099	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rc	y=181 626x-10.791	0.999 9	0.001 0~0.020 0
Rb₂	y=217 709x-2.963	0.999 8	0.000 9~0.018 0
Rb₃	y=203 643x-2.797	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rd	y=212 073x+1.318	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rh₂	y=152 219x+9.985	0.999 7	0.001 3~0.026 0
Rg₃	y=509 071x+44.312	0.999 8	0.001 0~0.020 0
总皂苷 Total saponins	y=1.939 7x+0.144	0.999 7	0.100 0~1.000 4

移栽后时间 Time after planting/d	处理 Treatment	pH	电导率 Electric conductivity/（μS·cm^-1）	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/%
34	CK	5.30±0.00 d	37.53±9.04 d	45.97±4.76 d	167.42±0.08 d	26.40±0.35 c
	P1	5.55±0.01 c	123.67±6.81 c	79.57±5.30 c	194.60±0.06 c	25.34±0.39 c
	P2	5.69±0.00 b	152.23±3.22 a	92.63±4.28 b	238.88±0.13 a	30.09±0.23 b
	P3	5.95±0.01 a	138.67±5.03 b	103.13±3.86 a	222.34±0.07 b	47.21±1.84 a
48	CK	4.93±0.01 d	44.33±8.33 d	39.43±2.91 d	167.84±0.1 d	28.36±0.57 d
	P1	5.48±0.00 b	153.33±8.50 c	85.40±0.70 c	175.27±0.06 c	30.85±0.65 c
	P2	5.53±0.00 a	189.00±6.24 a	96.37±1.46 b	216.21±0.07 a	35.37±0.65 b
	P3	5.28±0.01 c	164.67±9.07 b	107.57±2.14 a	181.49±0.07 b	39.82±0.78 a
62	CK	5.14±0.00 d	59.67±15.95 d	40.37±0.40 d	176.19±0.07 c	31.6±0.65 d
	P1	5.17±0.01 c	196.33±17.79 b	87.03±2.65 c	217.82±0.08 b	34.99±0.65 c
	P2	5.35±0.01 b	344.67±20.21 a	99.63±1.07 b	237.08±0.07 a	39.52±0.65 b
	P3	5.85±0.00 a	175.67±9.24 c	111.07±1.46 a	216.95±0.33 b	44.04±0.65 a
76	CK	4.85±0.01 d	45.33±9.29 d	41.53±1.07 d	179.04±0.04 d	29.64±0.60 d
	P1	5.34±0.01 c	269.67±5.51 c	91.47±2.14 c	206.76±0.01 b	32.73±0.65 c
	P2	5.70±0.02 b	342.33±14.57 a	102.67±2.46 b	227.04±0.15 a	37.26±0.65 b
	P3	6.09±0.01 a	299.00±9.54 b	113.63±1.46 a	207.52±0.03 b	44.04±0.65 a
90	CK	4.82±0.03 d	58.00±5.89 d	42.47±1.46 c	183.63±0.08 d	28.58±0.65 d
	P1	5.27±0.00 c	197.67±6.55 b	92.87±1.07 b	201.70±0.06 b	37.26±0.65 c
	P2	5.92±0.00 b	200.67±11.61 a	99.63±1.07 b	208.38±0.08 a	42.53±0.00 b
	P3	6.21±0.01 a	143.67±5.73 c	115.73±1.07 a	193.30±0.08 c	45.17±0.65 a