Effects of Row Space Reduction and Plant Space Expansion on Tillers Number in Wheat and Its Physiological Mechanism

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0235

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of row space reduction and plant space expansion （RRPE） on the tillering of winter wheat and its physiological mechanism， ‘Malan 1’ was used as test variety during the winter season from 2019 to 2021. The effects of RRPE treatment on the tillers number and biomass of wheat in the pre-winter stage were studied by setting two row spacing and three sowing dates， and the response characteristics of phytohormones and saccharose （SA） in tillers nodes to RRPE were studied. The results showed that RRPE significantly promoted the tillers number （TN） and biomass of wheat during pre-winter stage，with the average increase 14.5% and 20.9%， respectively， and increased the TN with more than three leaves. RRPE reduced the contents of indoleacetic acid （IAA）， strigolactones （SLs）， gibberellin （GA）， and brassinosterol （BR） in wheat tillers nodes from the trifolium stage to the wintering stage， with decreases of 19.4%， 17.5%， 11.4% and 13.6%， respectively. RRPE treatment significantly increased the content of zeatin nucleoside （ZR）， cytokinin （CTK） and saccharose （SA）， which increased by 13.1%， 54.4% and 15.2%， respectively. RRPE processing also reduced IAA/ZR， BR/SL and BR/CTK， but improved SLs/GA. The correlation coefficient between CTK， BR and tillers number in pre-winter were the highest with average 0.65. BR had the highest positive contribution to TN， while GA and BR/CTK had higher negative contributions to TN. The negative contributions of IAA/ZR through GA and IAA through GA to TN were relatively high. In conclusion， RRPE could promote wheat tillering and increase biomass before winter， which was most closely related to BR and GA contents， as well as the direct effects of BR/CTK， and the indirect effects of IAA/ZR through GA and IAA through GA.

Key words: row space reduction and plant space expansion, wheat, tiller, physiological mechanism

摘要：

为明确缩行匀株（row space reduction and plant space expansion，RRPE）对冬小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制，于2019－2021年小麦种植季，以‘马兰1号’为供试品种，设置2个行距和3个播期，研究RRPE处理对小麦冬前分蘖数和生物量的影响，及分蘖节内源激素和蔗糖对RRPE的响应特征。结果表明，RRPE处理能促进小麦冬前分蘖数（tillers number，TN）和生物量，平均增加14.5%和20.9%，并增加≥3叶的分蘖数；RRPE处理降低了3叶期至越冬期小麦分蘖节吲哚乙酸（indoleacetic acid，IAA）、独脚金内酯（strigolactones，SLs）、赤霉素（gibberellin，GA）和油菜素甾醇（brassinosterol，BR）含量，分别平均降低19.4%、17.5%、11.4%和13.6%；RRPE处理显著提高了玉米素核苷（zeatin nucleoside，ZR）、细胞分裂素（cytokinin，CTK）和蔗糖（saccharose，SA）含量，平均提高13.1%、54.4%和15.2%。RRPE处理还降低了IAA/ZR、BR/SL和BR/CTK，但提高了SLs/GA。相关分析表明，CTK、BR与冬前TN显著相关，相关系数平均为0.65。BR对TN的正向贡献最高；GA、BR/CTK对TN的负向贡献较高；IAA/ZR通过GA和IAA对TN的负向贡献较高。综上所述，RRPE处理可以促进小麦冬前分蘖、增加生物量，这与BR、GA含量，以及BR/CTK的直接作用、IAA/ZR通过GA和IAA的间接作用关系密切。

关键词: 缩行匀株, 小麦, 分蘖, 生理机制

CLC Number:

S311

Pan LIU, Shan GAO, Haoyu LI, Yi WANG, Baozhong YIN, Jinkao GUO, Wenchao ZHEN. Effects of Row Space Reduction and Plant Space Expansion on Tillers Number in Wheat and Its Physiological Mechanism[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(4): 32-44.

刘盼, 高珊, 李浩宇, 王翼, 尹宝重, 郭进考, 甄文超. 缩行匀株对小麦分蘖的影响及其生理机制[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(4): 32-44.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Irrigation amount of wheat fields under different treatments in different periods

处理Treatment		2019—2020		2020—2021
处理Treatment		播前 Before sowing	拔节期 Jointing stage	播前 Before sowing	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Anthei stage
15.0RS	SD1	538.5	873.0	384.0	631.5	826.5
	SD2	552.0	852.0	412.5	606.0	831.0
	SD3	580.5	798.0	423.0	568.5	790.5
7.5RS	SD1	568.5	822.0	336.0	591.0	756.0
	SD2	594.0	766.5	388.5	564.0	733.5
	SD3	550.5	723.0	393.0	525.0	678.0

Table 2 Tillers number and biomass under different treatments

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		苗数 Seedling number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	分蘖数Tillers number			生物量Biomass
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		苗数 Seedling number/（10⁴·hm^-2）	单株 Per plant	≥3叶 ≥3 leaf	≥3叶占比 ≥3 leaf ratio/%	单株 Per plant/g	分蘖 Tiller/g	分蘖占比 Ratio of tiller/%
2019	SD1	15.0RS	342.0	2.7 b	1.9 b	70.6 a	0.39 b	0.19 b	48.8 b
	SD1	7.5RS	327.0	3.5 a	2.4 a	67.9 a	0.48 a	0.26 a	53.9 a
	SD2	15.0RS	370.5	2.1 b	1.5 b	71.9 b	0.33 b	0.14 b	40.5 b
	SD2	7.5RS	361.5	2.8 a	2.3 a	81.9 a	0.40 a	0.19 a	48.9 a
	SD3	15.0RS	409.5	1.5 b	0.9 b	61.7 b	0.22 b	0.07 b	31.6 b
	SD3	7.5RS	423.0	1.8 a	1.4 a	75.8 a	0.26 a	0.11 a	42.6 a
2020	SD1	15.0RS	328.5	2.9 b	2.1 b	71.3 a	0.43 b	0.21 b	49.1 b
	SD1	7.5RS	339.0	3.6 a	2.6 a	71.8 a	0.49 a	0.27 a	55.9 a
	SD2	15.0RS	369.0	2.3 b	1.8 b	78.2 b	0.36 b	0.16 b	43.4 b
	SD2	7.5RS	366.0	2.9 a	2.4 a	84.0 a	0.43 a	0.22 a	49.5 a
	SD3	15.0RS	403.5	1.2 b	0.8 b	64.2 b	0.23 b	0.08 b	33.5 b
	SD3	7.5RS	409.5	1.7 a	1.3 a	75.0 a	0.28 a	0.11 a	39.5 a
年份 Y			ns	ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns
播期 SD			**	**	**	ns	**	**	**
行距 RS			ns	**	**	**	**	**	**
年份×播期Y×SD			ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×行距Y×RS			ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
播期×行距SD×RS			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
年份×播期×行距Y×SD×RS			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Fig. 1 Contents of IAA and ZR in wheat tiller nodes under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

Fig. 2 Contents of SLs and GA in wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

Fig. 3 Contents of BR and CTK in wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

Fig. 4 IAA/ZR and SLs/GA of wheat tillers node different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of ratio.

Fig. 5 BR/SLs and BR/CTK of wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of ratio.

Fig. 6 Content of SA in wheat tillers node under different treatmentsNote：* and ** indicate significant differences between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively； 7.5RS-15.0RS represents difference value between 7.5RS and 15.0RS treatments； different color lines in the figure indicate the distribution of content.

Fig. 7 Correlation between tillers number and phytohormone， SA content of wheat tillers node under RRPE treatmentNote：* indicates significant correlation at P<0.05 level.

Fig. 8 Contribution effects of phytoormones and SA in tillers node on tillers number under RRPE treatment

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