Abstract:

In order to investigate the impact of various soil amendment materials on soil enzyme activity and Scutellaria baicalensis growth in continuously cropped soil， an indoor pot experiment was conducted. The experiment set 6 treatments including a control without any amendments （CK）， and with biochar application （T1）， humic acid （T2）， humic acid and biochar （T3）， vermicompost （T4）， vermicompost and biochar （T5）. The agronomic indexes and soil enzyme activities of Scutellaria baicalensis were compared between soil of non-cultivated （Y₀） and continuous cropping Scutellaria baicalensis for 3 years （Y₃）. The results showed that at Y₀ condition， the shoot biomass of Scutellaria baicalensis was significantly higher than CK， and the root biomass of Scutellaria baicalensis in 5 treatments had no significant difference compared with CK. At Y₃ condition， except T2 treatment， the shoot and root biomass of Scutellaria baicalensis were significantly increased compared with CK. Under 2 soil treatments， T5 treatment had the best effect on total nitrogen content and T4 treatment on phosphorus content and potassium content； T3 treatment to soil sucrase activity and T1 treatment to alkaline phosphatase activity increased the most. At Y₀ condition， urease activity of T4 treatment was significantly increased compared with CK，catalase activity of all treatments decreased significantly； at Y₃ condition， only urease activity of T2 treatment was significantly increased and catalase activity of T1 treatment was significantly decreased. The nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium content of Y₀ was significantly correlated with activities of sucrase and urease， while the nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium content of Y₃ was significantly correlated with the activities of urease and catalase. At the same time， at Y₃ condition， T5 treatment was more closely related to nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium content in Scutellaria baicalensis and sucrase activity. In summary， T1 and T5 treatments could both increase Scutellaria baicalensis biomass and nitrogen， phosphorus， potassium content at Y₃， and the addition of biochar had significant effects on the enzyme activity of continuous cropping soil. T5 treatment had a significant effect on alleviating the barrier of continuous croppping of Scutellaria baicalensis. Above results provided a theoretical basis for alleviating the barrier of continuous cultivation and improving the quality of Scutellaria scutellaria.

Key words: Scutellaria baicalensis, continuous cropping obstacle, biochar, humic acid, vermicompost

摘要：

为探究不同土壤改良物料对连作土壤酶活性和黄芩生长的影响，采用室内盆栽试验，设置不添加改良物料（CK）和分别添加生物炭（T1）、腐殖酸（T2）、腐殖酸+生物炭（T3）、蚯蚓粪（T4）、蚯蚓粪+生物炭（T5）共6个处理，对未种植黄芩（Y₀）和连作黄芩3年（Y₃）2种土壤的黄芩农艺指标及土壤酶活性进行比较。结果表明，Y₀条件下，仅T5处理的黄芩地上部生物量显著大于CK，并且5种土壤改良处理的黄芩根部生物量与CK均无显著差异；Y₃条件下，除T2处理外其他处理的黄芩地上部、根部生物量较CK均显著提升。2种土壤条件下，T5处理对黄芩总氮含量的提升效果最好，T4处理对磷和钾含量的提升效果最好；T3处理下土壤蔗糖酶活性增幅最大，T1处理下碱性磷酸酶活性增幅最大。Y₀条件下，T4处理的脲酶活性较CK显著提升，各处理的过氧化氢酶活性均显著降低；Y₃条件下，仅T2处理的脲酶活性显著提升，T1处理的过氧化氢酶活性显著降低。Y₀条件下，黄芩氮磷钾含量主要与蔗糖酶、脲酶活性显著相关；而Y₃条件下的黄芩氮磷钾含量主要与脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著相关；同时，Y₃条件下T5处理与黄芩氮磷钾含量、土壤蔗糖酶活性相关性更强。综上所述，T1、T5处理均可提升Y₃条件下黄芩的生物量和氮磷钾含量，同时添加生物炭对连作土壤酶活性均有显著影响；T5处理对缓解黄芩多年连作障碍有显著效果。以上研究结果为缓解黄芩连作障碍、提升黄芩质量提供了理论依据。

关键词: 黄芩, 连作障碍, 生物炭, 腐殖酸, 蚯蚓粪