Abstract:

In order to evaluate the effect of ‘Zero-Growth’ action plan for pesticides and fertilizer during “the 13^th Five Year” period， the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer were analyzed systematically from the aspects of the total amount， the application intensity and the benefit. The regional differences and changes of the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer were also analyzed at 9 agricultural regional and 31 province cautonomous regions and municipality levels. The results showed the amount of pesticides and fertilizers decreased significantly in all regions during the “the 13^th Five-Year” period， and the reduced degree in some regions had more than 30%. The intensity of pesticide application in the South China region was much higher than other regions. The economic benefit of pesticide in the eastern region was generally lower than those in the central and western regions， and the economic benefit of pesticide in Guizhou was much higher than those in other provinces. The intensities of fertilizer application in South China， Huang-Huai-Hai plain and the Loess plateau regions were greater than those in other agricultural regions. And the intensities of fertilizer in hainan， Fujian， and Beijing were high level. The economic benefits of fertilizer were higher in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau， Yunnan-Guizhou plateau， Sichuan basin and surrounding areas and South China regions. The economic benefits of fertilizer in Guizhou， Qinghai， Tibet， Zhejiang， Sichuan， Hainan and Shanghai were the highest among all regions， reaching more than 20×10⁴ yuan·t^-1 at the end of “the 13^th Five-Year” period. The annual changes and regional differences in the reduction of pesticide and fertilizer during “the 13^th Five-Year” period could provide a reference basis to formulate accurate measures to reduce the use of pesticide and fertilizer for each region.

Key words: agriculture, pesticide, fertilizer, reduction, efficiency

摘要：

为了评估“十三五”时期农药、化肥“零增长”行动的实施效果，从农药和化肥的施用量、施用强度及施用效益等方面系统分析农药化肥的减量效果，从9个农业区和31个省（自治区、直辖市）的层面分析农药化肥减量的区域差异和变化。结果表明，“十三五”期间各区域农药化肥减量均取得了显著成效，部分区域降幅达30%以上；华南区农药施用强度远高于其他农业区；东部地区的农药施用效益普遍低于中西部地区，贵州的农药施用效益最高；华南区、黄淮海平原区和黄土高原区是化肥施用强度较高的3个农业区，其中海南、福建、北京的化肥施用强度较高；青藏高原区、云贵高原区、四川盆地及周边地区和华南区化肥施用产生的经济效益较高，其中，贵州、青海、西藏、浙江、四川、海南和上海在“十三五”期末的化肥施用效益最高，达到了20万元·t^-1以上。“十三五”期间农药化肥减量的年度变化和区域差异为各区域制定精准的农药化肥减量措施提供了参考依据。

关键词: 农业, 农药, 化肥, 减量, 效益