Abstract: In order to investigate the diversity of fungus community in grape rhizosphere soil of different grape planting regions of the 12th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, this paper took grape rhizosphere soil samples of 6 different regions, including Wuyi nongchang (WY), Sanping nongchang (SP), Toutunhe nongchang (TTH), 221 tuanchang (221), 222 tuanchang (222), and Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NKS), as test material to detecte soil physical and chemical properties and microbial species and analyze soil fungus 18S RNA V2 region of grape rhizosphere soil by high-throughout sequencing technology. The results indicated that the nutrient contents of NKS soil were all in the extreme abundant grade. The result of 18S RNA sequencing showed that there were differences in the fungal community composition of different regions. The flora structure of fungi was similar between SP and WY, 221 and 222, NKS and TTH. Among them, Ascomycetes fungus accounted for about 80%, 60% and 30% of the total species, respectively. While Basidiomycota fungus in NKS were significantly higher than the other 5 regions, accounting for 47% of the total flora. Alpha analysis revealed that the fungi diversity was the highest in 222, followed by 221 and SP was the lowest. Beta diversity analysis suggested that the fungi population constituent in 222 and 221 in grape rhizosphere soil were the most similar. There was a positive correlation between soil environment factors of soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and soil fungal community, which indicated that the fungal community constituent and genetic diversity level could be changed through regulating soil nutrient fertility. These results were of guiding significance for improving soil fertility from fungi level and evaluating grape soil quality. At the same time, the results provided references for future fertilization strategy in grape production area of the 12th Division in Xinjiang.

Key words: grape, soil microorganism, fungi, high-throughout sequencing technology, community diversity

摘要： 为了解新疆兵团第十二师不同葡萄种植产区根际土壤真菌群落多样性，以十二师五一农场(WY)、三坪农场（SP）、头屯河农场(TTH)、221团(221)、222团(222)及农业科学研究所 (NKS)共6个不同区域葡萄根际土壤样品为试验材料，对土壤理化性质和微生物种类进行检测，并对土壤真菌18S RNA V2区进行高通量测序，以分析真菌群落多样性及丰度，并对土壤理化性质与土壤真菌菌群多样性进行相关性分析。结果表明： NKS的土壤肥力最高，各养分含量均在极丰等级。18S RNA测序结果显示，不同区域的真菌组成存在差异，SP和WY、221和222、NKS和TTH两两之间真菌群落结构相似，其中子囊菌门（Ascomycota）真菌占总菌群比例分别约为80%、60%和30%左右，而NKS的担子菌门（Basidiomycota）真菌占比远远高于其他5个地区，占总菌群的47%。Alpha多样性分析显示，222团的土壤真菌群落多样性最高，221团次之，三坪农场多样性最低。Beta多样性分析显示221团和222团的葡萄根际土壤真菌菌群组成最相似。土壤环境因子有机质、碱解氮和有效磷与土壤真菌群落组成存在显著正相关关系，表明可以通过调节土壤养分水平，来改变葡萄土壤真菌群落组成和遗传多样性水平。上述结果对真菌水平上改良土壤和葡萄土壤质量评价具有指导意义，也为十二师葡萄产区今后的施肥策略提供参考依据。

关键词: 葡萄, 土壤微生物, 真菌, 高通量测序, 群落多样性