Abstract: Taking peanut variety Yuanza 6 as material and adopting a split plot experiment, this paper investigated the changes in multiple indexes of summer-planting peanuts under different planting densities and planting modes, including group flowering phenology, group pod pegs formation and pod formation, yield traits etc., and discussed the effects of rational close planting on peanut group reproductive growth and yield. The results showed that comparing to planting density of 1.80×105 holes/hm2, the first flowering of peanuts grown at 2.25×105 holes/hm2 planting density would delay 1~2 d. The number of nodes on the first pair of lateral branches within 10 cm from base decreased by 10.29%; while, effective branching ratio increased by 8.50%; full fruit ratio and kernel percentage increased by 3.81% and 2.25%, respectively. The flowering time of peanuts grown in wide/narrow-row-spacing planting mode was 2~3 d ahead than that of equal-row-spacing planted peanuts, and the full fruit ratio and kernel percentage increased 3.03% and 1.58%, respectively. Comparing to single-seed planting, double-seed planting increased the effective branching ratio, full fruit ratio and kernel percentage by 10.60%, 3.70% and 1.43%, respectively. Under the condition of double-seed planting, wide/narrow-row-spacing planting mode with plant density of 2.25×105 holes/hm2, the peanuts had the highest amount of total group flowering (1 873.31×104 flowers/hm2). The numbers of group gynophores and groupfruit were also the most, reaching 1 365×104/hm2 and 488×104/hm2, respectively. Yuanza 6 was highly tolerant to compact planting. Therefore, in summer-planting appropriately increasing the planting density could effectively improve yield and perfect pod commodity.

Key words: peanut, planting pattern, close planting, flowering and fruiting

摘要： 以珍珠豆型花生远杂6号为研究材料，采用裂区试验，调查了夏直播花生在不同密度和不同种植模式下的开花物候、群体开花规律、群体成针、成果特性及产量性状等指标的变化，探讨了合理密植对花生群体生殖生长及产量的影响。结果表明：2.25×105穴/hm2密度种植比1.80×105穴/hm2始花时间晚1~2 d；第一对侧枝基部10 cm内节数减少了10.29%；有效分枝比率提高8.50%；饱果率和出仁率分别提高3.81%、2.25%。宽窄行种植比等行距种植始花时间提前2~3 d，饱果率和出仁率分别提高3.03%、1.58%。双粒播种比单粒播种有效分枝比率提高10.60%，饱果率和出仁率分别提高3.70%、1.43%。2.25×105穴/hm2宽窄行双粒种植的群体开花总量最高（1 873.31万朵/hm2），群体果针数和结果数也最多，分别达1 365万个/hm2和488万个/hm2。远杂6号为耐密品种，夏直播种植，适当增加种植密度可有效提高产量，改善荚果商品性。

关键词: 花生, 种植方式, 密植, 开花结实