Abstract: With fast development of large-scale farming, owing to the heavy application of animal food additives containing heavy metals, large amounts of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and so on, were discharged into the environment with animal manure. Composting is a major method for the resource utilization of animal manure. Previous studies showed that heavy metals contained in the animal manure could be passivated by the huminification effect of composting, and the biological activities of them could also be reduced during composting. The research progress of heavy metals content and chemical state variations in animal manure during the composting process, heavy metal immobilization mechanism, as well as the effects of different immobilization agents on heavy metals immobilization, were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the current defects and focus of further research on the research of heavy metal immobilization were also proposed. Current results showed that, the concentrations of heavy metals mainly increased during the composting process, By means of physical adsorption, complexation and microbial enhancement, the chemical state of heavy metals could be transformed from unstable state to stable state Nevertheless, the immobilization mechanisms of heavy metals during the animal manure composting process are not completely understood, and the immobilization mechanisms of immobilization agents on heavy metals need further study. Moreover, novel composite material for high efficient heavy metal immobilization need to be developed.

Key words: composting, heavy metals, immobilization, bioavailability

摘要： 随着规模化养殖业的迅速发展，由于各种含重金属元素的饲料添加剂的使用，导致大量的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd等重金属随畜禽粪便排放到环境中。堆肥是畜禽粪便等废弃物资源化利用的主要方式之一，研究表明，随着堆肥腐殖化进程，畜禽粪便中重金属可被钝化，生物有效性降低。基于堆肥过程中重金属含量及其形态变化、重金属钝化机理以及添加不同种类钝化剂对重金属钝化效果影响等方面，深入分析了该领域的研究现状和存在问题，并提出了今后研究的重点。堆肥过程中重金属浓度普遍升高，而重金属经过物理吸附、络合钝化、微生物强化等钝化机制，逐步从不稳定态向稳定态转化，但堆肥过程中钝化机理尚不完全清楚，今后应进一步加强钝化材料对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中重金属的钝化机理研究，并开展复合型高效重金属钝化剂的研发。

关键词: 堆肥, 重金属, 钝化, 生物有效性