Abstract: The essence of genetic improvement is to constantly select and breed the existing varieties(lines) so as to ensure them making stable genetic improvement. Since 2014, European countries have carried out a honeybee improvement program called “SMARTBEES”, which aim is to improve honeybee performance and protect honeybee resources. China has rich honeybee resources, but the diversity of honeybee genetic resources is declining year by year, due to the influence of modern agriculture, industry and human activities. The genetic improvement programs are implemented successfully in pigs, cows etc. in China. But, there is no such program in honeybee. It is urgent to protect Chinese local honeybee varieties and featured genetic resources. It is needed to implement a SMARTBEES program like European countries, so as to improve honeybee performance and health condition, to protect precious honeybee resources in China. This paper introduced the European honeybee genetic improvement program “SMARTBEES”, and summarized the honeybee resource and breeding status in China. It also expounded the enlightenment given by European program “SMARTBEES” to the honeybee resources and genetic breeding work in China.

Key words: honeybee, genetic resource, genetic improvement, performance test, breeding

摘要： 遗传改良工作的本质是对现有品种（系）持续选育提高，保证其具有持续稳定的遗传进展。自2014年开始，欧洲开展了整个欧洲范围内的蜜蜂遗传改良计划项目（简称“SMARTBEES”），目的是提高蜜蜂性状表现，保护蜜蜂资源。中国蜜蜂资源丰富，但是由于受到现代农业、工业和人类活动的影响，蜜蜂资源遗传多样性逐年下降，亟待保护。中国已经在多个畜种开展了遗传改良项目，但是在蜜蜂上还没有相关的项目。中国境内的蜜蜂地方品种和特色资源迫切的需要开展类似欧洲SMARTBEES项目的遗传改良，以提高蜂群性状表现，改善蜂群健康状况，保护珍贵蜜蜂资源。对欧洲蜜蜂遗传改良SMARTBEES项目进行了介绍，对中国蜜蜂资源和育种现状进行了总结，并围绕欧洲蜜蜂改良项目对中国蜜蜂资源和遗传育种工作的启示进行了阐述。

关键词: 蜜蜂, 种质资源, 遗传改良, 性状测定, 育种