Abstract: In order to study the effects of placing phosphorus fertilizer in different soil layers on winter wheat growth and yield with PVC tubes in a field, this study designed six treatments of blank control, single N at 0~20 cm depth, single P at 0~20 cm depth, subsurface manuring N and P at 0~20 cm depth, manuring P by layers at 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~50 cm, and deep placing P at 40~50 cm in soil. The results showed the treatment of manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~50 cm depth in soil improved winter wheat growth, increased weights of aboveground parts and roots, improved root ratios in deeper soil layers. Compared with deep placing phosphorus at 40~50 cm, subsurface manuring and single phosphorus treatment, wheat yield of manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~50 cm depth in soil increased 7.46%, 16.16% and 75.81%, respectively, and P agronomic efficiency (PAE) increased 156.2%,43.71% and 297.11%, respectively. Therefore, manuring phosphorus fertilizer by layers at 0~50 cm depth in soil improved winter wheat growth, yield and phosphorus efficiency.

Key words: wheat, phosphorus, growth, yield, manuring layers

摘要： 为探明分层施磷对冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响，在大田采用PVC管栽培法，设置不施肥、0~20 cm单施氮肥、0~20 cm单施磷 肥、0~20 cm施氮磷肥、分层施磷（1~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~50 cm）、40~50 cm深层施磷6个处理，比较了分层施磷的效应。结 果表明，分层施磷明显促进了冬小麦生长发育，提高了地上部和根系干重，增加了下层根比例;与深层施磷、表层施磷和单施 磷肥相比，分层施磷处理产量分别增加7.46%、16.16%和75.81%，磷素农学利用分别提高156.20%、43.71%和297.11%。分层施 磷可提高冬小麦产量，提高磷肥利用效率。

关键词: 小麦, 磷肥, 生长, 产量, 分层施肥