Abstract:

During many years overexploitation of groundwater, the North China Plain has become the worlds largest “funnel areas”, the agricultural sustainable development faces much pressure. Considering the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resource and the national food security, the urgent affair is to reduce the high water consuming crops such as winter wheat planting area, accelerate the pace of adjustment of agricultural structure. Based on the existing research results, the article comparatively analyzed the winter wheat and potato water deficit in North China Plain, calculated the result that potato instead of winter wheat planting can save water reached a total of (3.47~735)×108m3/a in North groundwater funnel area, while in support of certain technology, it could improve the grain yield level. This would be good for national food security, and gradually decay groundwater resources situation at the same time.

Key words: the North China Plain, funnel areas, potato, wheat, substitution, water saving

摘要：

多年的地下水超采，导致华北平原已成为世界上最大的“漏斗区”，农业可持续发展压力巨大。综合考虑耕地资源持续利用和国家粮食安全，减少高耗水作物如冬小麦的种植面积，加快农业结构调整步伐是当务之急。根据已有研究成果，比较分析了华北平原冬小麦和马铃薯的水分亏缺量，推算出华北地下水漏斗区马铃薯替代小麦种植，每年可节约水资源总量达(3.47～7.35)×108 m3，同时在一定的技术支持下，能够提高粮食产量水平。这将有利于在保障国家粮食安全的基础上，逐步缓解地下水资源衰变的态势。

关键词: 华北平原；地下水漏斗区；马铃薯；小麦；替代；节水