Abstract:

High temperature stress caused by global warming posed a serious threat to rice high productivity. The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme high temperature stress have adverse effects on rice growth, development, and grain yield. Rice plants are susceptible to high temperature during booting, flowering, and grain filling stages. This paper reviewed the recent research progress made in studying the effects of high temperature at 3 stages (booting, heading & flowering, grain filling) on rice grain yield formation. High temperature has detrimental effects on pollen development, anther dehiscence, spikelet fertility, and on accumulation and translocation of photoassimilates, grain filling and starch synthesis. Those effects subsequently result in grain filling rate and grain yield declining. Grain filling rate and grain yield are mainly parameters for evaluating rice tolerance to high temperature. On the basis of previous studies, we put forward several measures as genetic improvement, optimization in nutrient and water management, artificial auxiliary pollination, and application of plant growth regulators, which might mitigate rice high temperature stress.

Key words: rice (Oryza Sativa L.), high temperature, booting stage, grain filling stage, yield formation, mitigating high temperature stress

摘要：

全球气候变暖导致气温升高，极端高温出现频率增加，严重影响水稻产量。孕穗期、抽穗扬花期、灌浆结实期是水稻高温敏感时期。综述了水稻高温敏感期高温影响其产量形成的研究进展。高温影响花粉发育、花药开裂和颖花育性等, 也影响到同化物积累与转运、籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成等生理生化过程，最终导致结实率下降和产量降低。从现有研究看，结实率和籽粒产量是水稻耐热性鉴定的两个主要农艺指标。综合已有的研究，提出了遗传改良、肥水管理优化、人工辅助授粉和生长调节物质应用是减缓水稻高温伤害的可能措施。

关键词: 水稻；高温；孕穗期；灌浆期；产量形成；减缓高温伤害