早熟区地膜类型对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0163

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统塑料地膜长期使用导致农田“白色污染”，生物降解渗水地膜兼具环保与渗水透气特性，但其在早熟区的增产机制及品种适配性尚不明确。针对国家在西北9省区推广环保地膜的战略需求，基于田间试验，评估不铺膜（CK）、无色降解渗水地膜（T1）、黑色降解渗水地膜（T2）和普通地膜（T3）对早熟区马铃薯品种沃土五号生长与产量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，T1处理显著增产14.9%，T2处理增产0.8%，T3处理减产6.5%。深入分析产量构成因子表明，T1处理的单株结薯数和有效分枝数显著高于其他处理。无色降解渗水地膜通过“渗水降温-透气促根”双重机制，显著提升单株生产力。以上研究结果建立了生物降解地膜与马铃薯的适配性数据库，为西北地区地膜选用提供参考。

关键词: 马铃薯, 降解渗水地膜, 单株有效分枝数, 单株结薯数, 产量

Abstract:

The long-term use of conventional plastic mulch has led to increasing “white pollution” in agricultural fields. Biodegradable water-permeable mulch has environmental friendliness with water infiltration and aeration properties. However， its yield-enhancing mechanisms and varietal compatibility in early-maturing regions remain unclear. In response to the national strategy promoting eco-friendly mulching across 9 provinces in northwestern of China， a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of 4 treatments， including no mulch （CK）， transparent biodegradable mulch （T1）， black biodegradable mulch （T2） and conventional plastic mulch （T3）. And the growth and yield of the early-maturing potato cultivar Wotu 5 under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that， compared to CK，T1 treatment significantly increased yield by 14.9%， T2 treatment increased only 0.8%， while T3 reduced yield by 6.5%. Further analysis revealed that T1 treatment had significantly higher number of tubers and effective branches per plant than other treatmens. In summary， the transparent biodegradable mulch improved individual plant productivity through a dual mechanism of ‘cooling by infiltration and root promotion via aeration’. Above results established compatibility database between biodegradable mulch and potato， which provided reference for film selection in northwestern of China.

Key words: potato, degradable permeable film, effective branch number per plant, potato number per plant, yield

中图分类号:

S532

杨林栋, 王忠祥, 胡奋山, 康国帅, 杜培兵, 姚建民, 李瑞珍. 早熟区地膜类型对马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(10): 231-237.

Lindong YANG, Zhongxiang WANG, Fenshan HU, Guoshuai KANG, Peibing DU, Jianmin YAO, Ruizhen LI. Effect of Film Type on Potato Growth and Yield in Early Maturing Area[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(10): 231-237.

图/表 6

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处理Treatment	参数 Parameter	单株有效分枝数Number of effective branches per plant
处理Treatment	参数 Parameter	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	8	总计Total
CK	频数Count	83	60	41	20	8	3	2		217
	占比Percentage/%	38.2	27.6	18.9	9.2	3.7	1.4	0.9		100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	38.2	65.9	84.8	94.0	97.7	99.1	100.0		100.0
T1	频数Count	58	24	62	22	1	3			170
	占比Percentage/%	34.1	14.1	36.5	12.9	0.6	1.8			100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	34.1	48.2	84.7	97.6	98.2	100.0			100.0
T2	频数Count	85	55	16	9	5	5	1	1	177
	占比Percentage/%	48.0	31.1	9.0	5.1	2.8	2.8	0.6	0.6	100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	48.0	79.1	88.1	93.2	96.0	98.8	99.4	100.0	100.0
T3	频数Count	23	95	36	6	3				163
	占比Percentage/%	14.1	58.3	22.1	3.7	1.8				100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	14.1	72.4	94.5	98.2	100.0				100.0

处理Treatment	参数 Parameter	单株有效分枝数Number of effective branches per plant
处理Treatment	参数 Parameter	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	8	总计Total
CK	频数Count	83	60	41	20	8	3	2		217
	占比Percentage/%	38.2	27.6	18.9	9.2	3.7	1.4	0.9		100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	38.2	65.9	84.8	94.0	97.7	99.1	100.0		100.0
T1	频数Count	58	24	62	22	1	3			170
	占比Percentage/%	34.1	14.1	36.5	12.9	0.6	1.8			100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	34.1	48.2	84.7	97.6	98.2	100.0			100.0
T2	频数Count	85	55	16	9	5	5	1	1	177
	占比Percentage/%	48.0	31.1	9.0	5.1	2.8	2.8	0.6	0.6	100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	48.0	79.1	88.1	93.2	96.0	98.8	99.4	100.0	100.0
T3	频数Count	23	95	36	6	3				163
	占比Percentage/%	14.1	58.3	22.1	3.7	1.8				100.0
	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	14.1	72.4	94.5	98.2	100.0				100.0

CK				T1				T2				T3
单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%
4	60	27.6	27.6	5	42	24.7	24.7	4	50	28.2	28.2	4	44	27.0	27.0
3	37	17.1	44.7	3	31	18.2	42.9	5	40	22.6	50.8	5	41	25.2	52.1
5	37	17.1	61.8	6	30	17.6	60.6	3	31	17.5	68.4	3	34	20.9	73.0
6	36	16.6	78.3	4	23	13.5	74.1	6	19	10.7	79.1	6	20	12.3	85.3
7	13	6.0	84.3	7	18	10.6	84.7	2	18	10.2	89.3	7	11	6.7	92.0
2	11	5.1	89.4	2	10	5.9	90.6	7	8	4.5	93.8	2	6	3.7	95.7
8	10	4.6	94.0	8	7	4.1	94.7	8	4	2.3	96.0	1	4	2.5	98.2
9	5	2.3	96.3	9	4	2.4	97.1	9	4	2.3	98.3	8	2	1.2	99.4
1	2	0.9	97.2	10	2	1.2	98.2	1	2	1.1	99.4	9	1	0.6	100.0
10	2	0.9	98.2	1	1	0.6	98.8	10	1	0.6	100.0
12	2	0.9	99.1	11	1	0.6	99.4
0	1	0.5	99.5	12	1	0.6	100.0
11	1	0.5	100.0
总计Total	217	100.0		总计Total	170	100.0		总计Total	177	100.0		总计Total	163	100.0

CK				T1				T2				T3
单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%	单株结薯数Number of tubers per plant	频数Count	占比Percentage/%	累计占比Accumulative percentage/%
4	60	27.6	27.6	5	42	24.7	24.7	4	50	28.2	28.2	4	44	27.0	27.0
3	37	17.1	44.7	3	31	18.2	42.9	5	40	22.6	50.8	5	41	25.2	52.1
5	37	17.1	61.8	6	30	17.6	60.6	3	31	17.5	68.4	3	34	20.9	73.0
6	36	16.6	78.3	4	23	13.5	74.1	6	19	10.7	79.1	6	20	12.3	85.3
7	13	6.0	84.3	7	18	10.6	84.7	2	18	10.2	89.3	7	11	6.7	92.0
2	11	5.1	89.4	2	10	5.9	90.6	7	8	4.5	93.8	2	6	3.7	95.7
8	10	4.6	94.0	8	7	4.1	94.7	8	4	2.3	96.0	1	4	2.5	98.2
9	5	2.3	96.3	9	4	2.4	97.1	9	4	2.3	98.3	8	2	1.2	99.4
1	2	0.9	97.2	10	2	1.2	98.2	1	2	1.1	99.4	9	1	0.6	100.0
10	2	0.9	98.2	1	1	0.6	98.8	10	1	0.6	100.0
12	2	0.9	99.1	11	1	0.6	99.4
0	1	0.5	99.5	12	1	0.6	100.0
11	1	0.5	100.0
总计Total	217	100.0		总计Total	170	100.0		总计Total	177	100.0		总计Total	163	100.0