播种量和播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收利用及产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0271

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (8): 182-191.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0271

播种量和播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收利用及产量的影响

魏全全¹^,²(), 高英³, 芶久兰², 张萌², 饶勇¹, 杨斌¹, 凡迪⁴, 冯文豪⁴, 肖华贵¹()

^1.贵州省农业科学院油料研究所, 贵阳 550006
^2.贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 贵阳 550006
^3.贵州省毕节市黔西县农业农村局, 贵州毕节 551500
^4.贵州省农作物技术推广总站, 贵阳 550001

收稿日期:2021-03-29 接受日期:2021-06-01 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-08-22
通讯作者: 肖华贵
作者简介:魏全全 E-mail：weiquan0725@163.com；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200903);财政部和农业农村部国家油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12);贵州省人才基地建设项目(RCJD2018-14)

Effects of Different Sowing Rates and Sowing Methods on the Nutrient Absorption， Utilization and Yield of Winter Rapeseed in Yellow Soil

Quanquan WEI¹^,²(), Ying GAO³, Jiulan GOU², Meng ZHANG², Yong RAO¹, Bin YANG¹, Di FAN⁴, Wenhao FENG⁴, Huagui XIAO¹()

^1.Institute of Oil Crops，Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science，Guiyang 550006，China
^2.Institute of Soil and Fertilizer，Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science，Guiyang 550006，China
^3.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qianxi County，Guizhou Bijie 551500，China
^4.Guizhou Provincial Crop Technology Extension Station，Guiyang 550001，China

Received:2021-03-29 Accepted:2021-06-01 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-22
Contact: Huagui XIAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究黄壤土条件下不同播种量及播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收及养分利用及产量的影响，连续2年在贵州省黔西县黄壤田以‘阳光131’为试验材料，采用裂区试验设计，以播种方式为主区，设置撒播（SB）、条播（TB）和穴播（XB）3种方式；以播种量为副区，设置3.0、4.5、6.0、7.5和9.0 kg·hm^-2共5个水平，测定不同播种量及播种方式下冬油菜生物量、养分吸收利用、产量及其构成因子。结果表明，相同播种量下，不同播种方式冬油菜的生物量、养分累积量、肥料利用效率和产量均表现为条播优于撒播和穴播；相同播种方式下，冬油菜的生物量、养分累积量、肥料利用效率和产量均表现为随着播种量的增加先升高后降低，以播种量为6.0 kg·hm^-2时最高。TB6.0处理2年的生物量分别为9 798和10 351 kg·hm^-2，较其他处理提高615~3 196和254~2 714 kg·hm^-2；且氮、磷、钾的累积量分别平均为129.8、32.6和213.9 kg·hm^-2，均高于其他处理；2年的平均产量为2 657 kg·hm^-2，较SB6.0和XB6.0处理分别提高14.6%和7.6%。综上所述，在不间苗、不匀苗的情况下，条播为贵州冬油菜的最优直播方式，播种量以6.0 kg·hm^-2为宜，研究结果为贵州黄壤田冬油菜的科学种植提供了理论和科学依据。

关键词: 黄壤, 冬油菜, 播种量, 播种方式, 产量, 养分吸收利用

Abstract:

To study the effects of sowing methods and sowing rates on nutrient utilization and yield of winter rapeseed in yellow soil， taking ‘Yangguang 131’ as material in Qianxi county of Guizhou province， the sowing methods were set including sow broadcast （SB）， sowing in drill （TB） and sowing in hole （XB）， and the sowing rates were set including 3.0， 4.5， 6.0， 7.5 and 9.0 kg·hm^-2 to determine the biomass， nutrient absorption and utilization， yield and its components of different treatments. The results showed that， under the same sowing rate， the biomasses， accumulations of nutrients， fertilizer use efficiencies and yields under TB treatments were higher than those under SB and XB treatments， and firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of seeding rates under same sowing method， which were higher with sowing rate 6.0 kg·hm^-2. The biomasses of TB6.0 treatment in 2018—2019 and 2019—2020 were 9 798 and 10 351 kg·hm^-2， respectively， which were higher than other treatments by 615~3 196 and 254~2 714 kg·hm^-2. The average accumulations of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium of TB6.0 treatment were 129.8， 32.6 and 213.9 kg·hm^-2， respectively， which were higher than other treatments. And the average yield of TB6.0 treatment were 2 657 kg·hm^-2， which increased by 14.6% and 7.6%， respectively， compared with SB6.0 and XB6.0 treatments. In conclusion， in the case of non-thinning and uneven seedlings， the suitable sowing method for winter rape in Guizhou was sowed in drill with seeding rate 6.0 kg·hm^-2， which provided theoretical and scientific basis for scientific planting of winter rapeseed in yellow soil of Guizhou.

Key words: yellow soil, winter rapeseed, sowing rate, sowing method, yield, nutrient absorption and utilization

中图分类号:

S565.4

魏全全, 高英, 芶久兰, 张萌, 饶勇, 杨斌, 凡迪, 冯文豪, 肖华贵. 播种量和播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收利用及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(8): 182-191.

Quanquan WEI, Ying GAO, Jiulan GOU, Meng ZHANG, Yong RAO, Bin YANG, Di FAN, Wenhao FENG, Huagui XIAO. Effects of Different Sowing Rates and Sowing Methods on the Nutrient Absorption， Utilization and Yield of Winter Rapeseed in Yellow Soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(8): 182-191.

图/表 7

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处理Treatment	单株角果数Pods per plant			每角粒数Seeds per pod			千粒重1 000-seeds weight/g			收获密度Plant density/（10⁴·hm^-2）
处理Treatment	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean
SB3.0	145.7±5.6 ab	149.4±5.8 ab	147.6	24.6±1.2 a	24.1±1.1 a	24.4	3.1±0.2 a	3.1±0.2 a	3.1	30.08±1.47 c	30.54±1.56 c	30.31
SB4.5	144.0±6.7 ab	150.1±6.4 a	147.1	23.2±0.9 ab	23.4±0.9 ab	23.3	3.2±0.2 a	3.3±0.1 a	3.3	32.46±1.15 b	33.00±1.59 c	32.73
SB6.0	140.2±5.4 bc	143.2±5.2 b	141.7	22.4±1.0 c	22.8±0.8 b	22.6	3.3±0.1 a	3.3±0.3 a	3.3	34.35±1.52 ab	35.98±1.13 ab	35.16
SB7.5	127.5±5.6 e	123.1±5.7 e	125.3	22.3±1.1 c	22.4±0.9 b	22.4	3.3±0.1 a	3.3±0.2 a	3.3	34.76±1.37 ab	37.30±1.23 a	36.03
SB9.0	115.2±4.8 e	120.6±6.1 e	117.9	21.6±1.3 c	22.1±1.1 b	21.9	3.2±0.1 a	3.2±0.2 a	3.2	36.13±1.68 a	37.52±1.29 a	36.83
TB3.0	149.6±6.9 a	155.1±5.7 a	152.4	24.9±1.4 a	24.6±1.3 a	24.8	3.2±0.2 a	3.3±0.1 a	3.3	32.63±1.45 b	34.07±1.37 b	33.35
TB4.5	149.2±5.8 a	152.3±5.9 a	150.8	23.4±1.2 ab	23.4±1.1 ab	23.4	3.1±0.1 a	3.3±0.2 a	3.2	32.98±1.26 b	34.49±1.48 b	33.74
TB6.0	138.6±5.1 a	144.9±4.2 a	141.8	23.1±1.1 ab	22.8±0.8 b	23.0	3.3±0.2 a	3.4±0.1 a	3.4	36.87±1.73 a	38.97±1.34 a	37.92
TB7.5	125.3±4.3 ab	129.7±5.1 ab	127.5	22.4±1.0 c	22.3±0.9 b	22.4	3.2±0.2 a	3.3±0.1 a	3.3	36.21±1.35 a	38.43±1.33 a	37.32
TB9.0	115.9±4.1 c	119.4±5.0 c	117.7	22.1±1.3 c	22.0±1.2 b	22.1	3.3±0.2 a	3.4±0.2 a	3.4	36.22±1.76 a	38.67±2.02 a	37.45
XB3.0	138.4±6.0 c	142.9±6.5 bc	140.7	24.2±1.4 a	24.1±1.4 a	24.2	3.1±0.3 a	3.2±0.3 a	3.2	31.18±1.39 c	32.18±1.16 c	31.68
XB4.5	133.9±6.4 cd	139.7±6.2 c	136.8	23.4±1.2 ab	23.4±1.3 ab	23.4	3.2±0.1 a	3.1±0.1 a	3.2	32.38±1.66 b	34.28±1.21 b	33.33
XB6.0	127.7±4.2 d	134.5±5.9 cd	131.1	22.5±1.1 ab	22.6±1.1 b	22.6	3.3±0.2 a	3.4±0.3 a	3.4	34.68±1.84 ab	36.55±2.05 ab	35.62
XB7.5	119.1±4.1 e	124.6±5.7 e	121.9	21.8±1.8 c	22.1±1.3 b	22.0	3.3±0.3 a	3.3±0.2 a	3.3	34.66±1.92 ab	36.62±0.89 ab	35.64
XB9.0	118.5±3.9 e	113.7±3.6 e	116.1	21.4±1.5 c	22.7±1.6 b	22.1	3.2±0.2 a	3.2±0.2 a	3.2	36.00±1.46 a	36.88±1.87 ab	36.44

处理Treatment	单株角果数Pods per plant			每角粒数Seeds per pod			千粒重1 000-seeds weight/g			收获密度Plant density/（10⁴·hm^-2）
处理Treatment	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean	2018—2019	2019—2020	平均 Mean
SB3.0	145.7±5.6 ab	149.4±5.8 ab	147.6	24.6±1.2 a	24.1±1.1 a	24.4	3.1±0.2 a	3.1±0.2 a	3.1	30.08±1.47 c	30.54±1.56 c	30.31
SB4.5	144.0±6.7 ab	150.1±6.4 a	147.1	23.2±0.9 ab	23.4±0.9 ab	23.3	3.2±0.2 a	3.3±0.1 a	3.3	32.46±1.15 b	33.00±1.59 c	32.73
SB6.0	140.2±5.4 bc	143.2±5.2 b	141.7	22.4±1.0 c	22.8±0.8 b	22.6	3.3±0.1 a	3.3±0.3 a	3.3	34.35±1.52 ab	35.98±1.13 ab	35.16
SB7.5	127.5±5.6 e	123.1±5.7 e	125.3	22.3±1.1 c	22.4±0.9 b	22.4	3.3±0.1 a	3.3±0.2 a	3.3	34.76±1.37 ab	37.30±1.23 a	36.03
SB9.0	115.2±4.8 e	120.6±6.1 e	117.9	21.6±1.3 c	22.1±1.1 b	21.9	3.2±0.1 a	3.2±0.2 a	3.2	36.13±1.68 a	37.52±1.29 a	36.83
TB3.0	149.6±6.9 a	155.1±5.7 a	152.4	24.9±1.4 a	24.6±1.3 a	24.8	3.2±0.2 a	3.3±0.1 a	3.3	32.63±1.45 b	34.07±1.37 b	33.35
TB4.5	149.2±5.8 a	152.3±5.9 a	150.8	23.4±1.2 ab	23.4±1.1 ab	23.4	3.1±0.1 a	3.3±0.2 a	3.2	32.98±1.26 b	34.49±1.48 b	33.74
TB6.0	138.6±5.1 a	144.9±4.2 a	141.8	23.1±1.1 ab	22.8±0.8 b	23.0	3.3±0.2 a	3.4±0.1 a	3.4	36.87±1.73 a	38.97±1.34 a	37.92
TB7.5	125.3±4.3 ab	129.7±5.1 ab	127.5	22.4±1.0 c	22.3±0.9 b	22.4	3.2±0.2 a	3.3±0.1 a	3.3	36.21±1.35 a	38.43±1.33 a	37.32
TB9.0	115.9±4.1 c	119.4±5.0 c	117.7	22.1±1.3 c	22.0±1.2 b	22.1	3.3±0.2 a	3.4±0.2 a	3.4	36.22±1.76 a	38.67±2.02 a	37.45
XB3.0	138.4±6.0 c	142.9±6.5 bc	140.7	24.2±1.4 a	24.1±1.4 a	24.2	3.1±0.3 a	3.2±0.3 a	3.2	31.18±1.39 c	32.18±1.16 c	31.68
XB4.5	133.9±6.4 cd	139.7±6.2 c	136.8	23.4±1.2 ab	23.4±1.3 ab	23.4	3.2±0.1 a	3.1±0.1 a	3.2	32.38±1.66 b	34.28±1.21 b	33.33
XB6.0	127.7±4.2 d	134.5±5.9 cd	131.1	22.5±1.1 ab	22.6±1.1 b	22.6	3.3±0.2 a	3.4±0.3 a	3.4	34.68±1.84 ab	36.55±2.05 ab	35.62
XB7.5	119.1±4.1 e	124.6±5.7 e	121.9	21.8±1.8 c	22.1±1.3 b	22.0	3.3±0.3 a	3.3±0.2 a	3.3	34.66±1.92 ab	36.62±0.89 ab	35.64
XB9.0	118.5±3.9 e	113.7±3.6 e	116.1	21.4±1.5 c	22.7±1.6 b	22.1	3.2±0.2 a	3.2±0.2 a	3.2	36.00±1.46 a	36.88±1.87 ab	36.44

处理 Treatment		产量Yield		平均Mean
处理 Treatment		2018—2019	2019—2020	平均Mean
SB3.0		1 809±94 j	2 072±97 h	1 940
SB4.5		1 968±99 hi	2 150±101 gh	2 059
SB6.0		2 130±115 fg	2 508±106 cde	2 319
SB7.5		2 051±93 gh	2 439±108 de	2 245
SB9.0		2 018±103 h	2 412±107 ef	2 215
TB3.0		2 169±88 ef	2 216±112 gh	2 192
TB4.5		2 393±100 c	2 417±103 ef	2 405
TB6.0		2 564±94 a	2 751±111 a	2 657
TB7.5		2 502±106 ab	2 709±114 ab	2 606
TB9.0		2 435±100 bc	2 586±109 bcd	2 510
XB3.0		1 895±104 ij	2 189±104 gh	2 042
XB4.5		2 177±98 ef	2 501±112 cde	2 339
XB6.0		2 337±110 cd	2 603±125 abc	2 470
XB7.5		2 270±113 de	2 525±109 cde	2 397
XB9.0		2 252±101 de	2 280±105 fg	2 266
F检验F text	F_SM	119.3^**
	F_SR	114.8^**
	F_Y	79.9^**
	F_SM×SR	22.2^**
	F_SM×Y	11.6^**
	F_SR×Y	1.8^ns
	F_SM×SR×Y	2.6^*

处理 Treatment		产量Yield		平均Mean
处理 Treatment		2018—2019	2019—2020	平均Mean
SB3.0		1 809±94 j	2 072±97 h	1 940
SB4.5		1 968±99 hi	2 150±101 gh	2 059
SB6.0		2 130±115 fg	2 508±106 cde	2 319
SB7.5		2 051±93 gh	2 439±108 de	2 245
SB9.0		2 018±103 h	2 412±107 ef	2 215
TB3.0		2 169±88 ef	2 216±112 gh	2 192
TB4.5		2 393±100 c	2 417±103 ef	2 405
TB6.0		2 564±94 a	2 751±111 a	2 657
TB7.5		2 502±106 ab	2 709±114 ab	2 606
TB9.0		2 435±100 bc	2 586±109 bcd	2 510
XB3.0		1 895±104 ij	2 189±104 gh	2 042
XB4.5		2 177±98 ef	2 501±112 cde	2 339
XB6.0		2 337±110 cd	2 603±125 abc	2 470
XB7.5		2 270±113 de	2 525±109 cde	2 397
XB9.0		2 252±101 de	2 280±105 fg	2 266
F检验F text	F_SM	119.3^**
	F_SR	114.8^**
	F_Y	79.9^**
	F_SM×SR	22.2^**
	F_SM×Y	11.6^**
	F_SR×Y	1.8^ns
	F_SM×SR×Y	2.6^*

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播种量和播种方式对冬油菜养分吸收利用及产量的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Rates and Sowing Methods on the Nutrient Absorption， Utilization and Yield of Winter Rapeseed in Yellow Soil

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	播种方式 Sowing method	播种量Sowing rate/（kg·hm^-2）
SB3.0	撒播 Sow broadcast	3.0
SB4.5		4.5
SB6.0		6.0
SB7.5		7.5
SB9.0		9.0
TB3.0	条播 Sowing in drill	3.0
TB4.5		4.5
TB6.0		6.0
TB7.5		7.5
TB9.0		9.0
XB3.0	穴播 Sowing in hole	3.0
XB4.5		4.5
XB6.0		6.0
XB7.5		7.5
XB9.0		9.0