关键词: Se拮抗作用, 重金属污染, 抗氧化功能, 解毒效用, 开发应用

Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution has always been a major environmental problem in China， especially the threat of heavy metals such as cadmium （Cd）， plumbum （Pb）， hydrargyrum （Hg） to farmland and public health. Selenium （Se）， as an essential trace element， not only has biological functions such as delaying aging and enhancing immunity， but also has significant antagonistic effect on heavy metals. Therefore， strengthening the application and development of Se element is one of the important means to alleviate heavy metal pollution. Firstly， the hazards of heavy metals were analyzed， pointing out their difficult to degrade and easy to accumulate characteristics， as well as their long-term damage to ecosystems and human health caused by their accumulation in organisms. Secondly， the mechanism by which Se alleviates heavy metal pollution was detailed， mainly including 2 aspects. One aspect was that， due to the affinity and binding， Se formed stable complexes with heavy metal ions， reducing the toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals. Another aspect was the antioxidant and detoxifying effect of Se， which reduced the oxidative stress damage of heavy metals to organisms by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Finally， the broad application prospects of Se was put out in agriculture， aquaculture and medical fields. In agriculture， the application of Se fertilizer could significantly reduce the absorption of heavy metals by crops such as rice and corn， and improve crop yield and quality. In the field of aquaculture， Se feed could effectively reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in animals， and improve animal immunity and product quality. In the medical field， Se， as an antidote， had significant effect on the treatment of heavy metal poisoning， and could reduce the risk of cancer. Above results provided scientific basis for the development， research and rational application of selenium in multiple fields， and provided new ideas and methods for solving heavy metal pollution problems.

Key words: Se antagonistic effect, heavy metal pollution, antioxidant function, detoxification effect, develop applications