黑麦草还田替代尿素对稻田土壤氨挥发的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0715

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11): 186-194.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0715

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

黑麦草还田替代尿素对稻田土壤氨挥发的影响

易丽霞¹(), 周勇², 杨伟¹, 姚涞¹(), 蒋梦蝶¹, 聂江文¹, 朱波¹, 刘章勇¹

^1.长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心，湖北荆州 434025
^2.湖北工程学院生命科学技术学院，特色果蔬质量安全控制湖北省重点实验室，湖北孝感 432000

收稿日期:2024-09-02 接受日期:2025-05-07 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-11-17
通讯作者: 姚涞
作者简介:易丽霞 E-mail：yilixia525@163.com；
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2024AFA078);国家自然科学基金项目(31870424)

Effect of Ryegrass Return to Field as Substitute for Urea on Ammonia Volatilization from Paddy Soils

Lixia YI¹(), Yong ZHOU², Wei YANG¹, Lai YAO¹(), Mengdie JIANG¹, Jiangwen NIE¹, Bo ZHU¹, Zhangyong LIU¹

^1.Engineering Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization of the Ministry of Education，Yangtze University，Hubei Jingzhou 434025，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables of Hubei Province，College of Life Science and Technology，Hubei Engineering University，Hubei Xiaogan 432000，China

Received:2024-09-02 Accepted:2025-05-07 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-11-17
Contact: Lai YAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究黑麦草配施尿素对稻田土壤中氨挥发的影响，以南方水稻-绿肥（黑麦草）轮作模式为研究对象进行盆栽试验，设置5种配施比例：单施尿素（CF）、25%黑麦草+75%尿素（25%RG）、50%黑麦草+50%尿素（50%RG）、75%黑麦草+25%尿素（75%RG）和单施黑麦草（100%RG），所有处理施氮量均为100 mg N?kg^-1风干土，监测不同处理下水稻季的氨挥发速率、水稻产量和土壤环境指标。结果表明，各处理氨挥发速率均在尿素施用后迅速增加，氨挥发排放峰值随黑麦草替代尿素比例的增加而降低。氨挥发累计量的大小依次为CF>25%RG>50%RG>75%RG>100%RG，其中最大值为30.53 mg·m^-2，最小值为22.07 mg·m^-2。与CF处理相比，黑麦草还田处理氨挥发累计量分别降低4.8%、17.2%、20.7%和27.7%，其中50%RG的排放因子（单位氮肥投入的氨排放强度）显著低于CF（P<0.05）。25%RG和50%RG处理的水稻产量与CF之间无显著差异，但50%RG处理的氨挥发排放强度最低，与其他处理差异显著（P<0.05）。土壤温度、pH、铵态氮和硝态氮含量均显著影响稻田氨挥发速率（P<0.05）。综上，50%RG处理在兼顾水稻产量的同时能够有效减缓稻田土壤氨挥发的损失，对减少稻田氮素损失和保护生态环境具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 黑麦草, 尿素, 氨挥发, 土壤理化性状, 水稻产量

Abstract:

In order to examine the impact of ryegrass treated with urea on ammonia volatilization in paddy soil， the southern rice-green manure （ryegrass） rotation model was used as a research subject for a pot experiment， and 5 dosing ratios were set up： urea alone （CF），25% ryegrass+75% urea （25%RG），50% ryegrass+50% urea （50%RG），75% ryegrass+25% urea （75%RG） and ryegrass alone （100%RG）， with all treatments applying nitrogen at a rate of 100 mg N?kg^-1 air-dried soil. Ammonia volatilization rate， rice yield and soil environmental indicators were monitored for the rice season under different treatments. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization rate of all treatments increased rapidly after urea application， and the peak ammonia volatilization emission decreased with the increase of the proportion of urea replaced by ryegrass. The magnitude of cumulative ammonia volatilization was in the following order： CF>25%RG>50%RG>75%RG>100%RG， with the maximum value of 30.53 mg?m^-2 and the minimum value of 22.07 mg?m^-2. Compared with CF treatment， the cumulative ammonia volatilizations of ryegrass return to field treatments were reduced by 4.8%， 17.2%， 20.7% and 27.7%， respectively， with the emission factor of 50%RG （ammonia emission intensity per unit of N fertilizer input） was significantly lower （P<0.05） than that of CF. Rice yields of the 25%RG and 50%RG treatments were not significantly different from that of CF， but ammonia volatilization emission intensity of the 50%RG was the lowest and differed significantly （P<0.05） from the other treatments. Soil temperature， pH and ammonium and nitrate nitrogen contents significantly （P<0.05） affected the ammonia volatilization rate from paddy fields. In conclusion， the 50%RG treatment could effectively slow down the loss of ammonia volatilization from paddy soil while taking into account the rice yield， which was of great significance in reducing nitrogen loss from paddy soil and protecting the ecological environment.

Key words: ryegrass, urea, ammonia volatilization, soil indicators, rice yield

中图分类号:

S142

易丽霞, 周勇, 杨伟, 姚涞, 蒋梦蝶, 聂江文, 朱波, 刘章勇. 黑麦草还田替代尿素对稻田土壤氨挥发的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 186-194.

Lixia YI, Yong ZHOU, Wei YANG, Lai YAO, Mengdie JIANG, Jiangwen NIE, Bo ZHU, Zhangyong LIU. Effect of Ryegrass Return to Field as Substitute for Urea on Ammonia Volatilization from Paddy Soils[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 186-194.

图/表 7

表 1 各处理施肥量

Table 1 Fertilizer application rate for each treatment

处理 Treatment	尿素总量 Total urea amount/（g·m^-2）	绿肥量 Green fertilizer amount/（g·m^-2）
CF	0.64	0.0
25%RG	0.48	7.2
50%RG	0.32	14.3
75%RG	0.16	21.5
100%RG	0.00	28.7

图1 不同施肥处理下的氨挥发速率

Fig. 1 Ammonia volatilization rate under different fertilization treatments

图2 不同施肥处理下的氨挥发累计量和氨排放因子注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Cumulative ammonia volatilization and ammonia emission factors under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

表 2 各施肥配比下的水稻产量

Table 2 Rice yield under different fertilization ratios

处理Treatment	头季First season					再生季Regeneration season					总产量 Total output/（g·m^-2）
处理Treatment	穗数Number of ears	总粒数Total grains	结实率 Grain filling/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量Yield/（g·m^-2）	穗数Number of ears	总粒数Total grains	结实率 Grain filling /%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量Yield/（g·m^-2）	总产量 Total output/（g·m^-2）
CF	9 a	798 a	91.5 a	28.3 a	719.6 a	5 a	92 a	72.8 a	26.2 a	76.7 a	796.3 a
25%RG	8 ab	743 b	92.2 a	29.4 a	695.8 a	4 a	93 a	71.9 a	26.3 a	77.9 a	773.7 a
50%RG	8 ab	733 c	85.6 ab	28.6 a	667.6 a	4 a	91 a	67.9 b	27.5 a	79.6 a	747.2 a
75%RG	6 c	558 c	87.0 a	31.6 a	560.0 b	3 a	89 a	67.6 b	27.6 a	78.3 a	639.2 b
100%RG	4 c	536 c	81.7 b	30.1 a	513.8 b	5 a	90 a	72.4 a	28.3 a	81.1 a	594.9 b

图3 不同施肥处理下氨挥发排放强度注：不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Emission intensity of ammon ia volatilization under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、土壤温度及pH

Fig. 4 Soil ammonium nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， soil temperature and pH

图5 土壤指标与稻田土壤氨挥发的相关性分析注：*表示在P<0.05水平显著相关。

Fig. 5 Correlation analysis of soil indexes and ammonia volatilization from paddy soilNote： * indicates significant correlation at P<0.05 level.

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黑麦草还田替代尿素对稻田土壤氨挥发的影响

Effect of Ryegrass Return to Field as Substitute for Urea on Ammonia Volatilization from Paddy Soils

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