作物除草剂抗性研究及应用进展

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0654

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农田杂草是制约作物生产的重要因素之一，严重影响农作物的产量和品质。提升草害的防治水平对于稳定和发展作物生产具有重要意义。化学除草是目前农业生产中主要使用的控制手段，但除草剂施用不当会对农作物产生药害。培育和应用抗除草剂作物是防治杂草最经济有效的手段。综述了目前作物中施用的主要除草剂类型以及作用机理，概述了作物除草剂抗性研究进展，对目前全球抗性杂草产生主要类型和突变位点进行了分析。作物除草剂抗性研究应发掘更多除草剂潜在作用靶标位点，利用新兴的基因编辑等技术创制抗除草剂新种质，加快抗除草剂新品种的培育。

关键词: 作物, 除草剂, 抗除草剂杂草, 种质创制

Abstract:

Weeds in farmland are one of the important factors restricting crop production， which seriously affect the yield and quality of crops. Improving the control level of grass damage is of great significance for stabilizing and developing crop production. Chemical control of weeds is currently the main method utilized in agricultural production， however， the improper use of herbicides often causes harm to crops. Planting herbicide resistant crops is the most economically effective way to control weeds. The main types and mechanism of herbicides currently used in crops were reviewed， the research progress of herbicide resistant materials were outlined， and the major types and mutation sites of resistant weeds worldwide were analyzed. Finally， the more potential target sites for herbicides should be explored， and the emerging gene editing and other technologies should breed more new herbicide resistant germplasm， which should accelerate the cultivation of herbicide resistant varieties.

Key words: crop, herbicide, herbicide-resistant weed, germplasm creation

中图分类号:

S332

李一林, 郝梦宇, 温运飞, 王会, 汪文祥, 何平, 梅德圣, 胡琼, 成洪涛. 作物除草剂抗性研究及应用进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 151-163.

Yilin LI, Mengyu HAO, Yunfei WEN, Hui WANG, Wenxiang WANG, Ping HE, Desheng MEI, Qiong HU, Hongtao CHENG. Progress of Crop Herbicide Resistance Research and Application[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 151-163.

图/表 7

表1 主要除草剂类型及其作用位点

Table 1 Major types of herbicide and their target sites

类型

Type

机理

Mechanism

作用位点

Target site

作用方式

Mode of action

除草剂种类

Type of herbicide

乙酰乳酸合成

酶抑制剂

Acetolactate synthase inhibitors

抑制植物支链氨基酸合成

Inhibit the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants

乙酰乳酸合成酶

Acetolactate synthase

内吸

Systemic

磺酰脲类、噻唑烷酮类和咪唑类

Sulfonylureas， thiadiazolinones， imidazolinones

原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂Protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors

抑制光合色素形成

Inhibit the formation of photosynthetic pigments

原卟啉原氧化酶

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase

触杀

Contact

二苯醚类、三唑啉酮类、三嗪酮类、噻二唑类、恶唑烷酮类

Diphenylethers， triazolinones， triazinones， thiadiazoles， oxadiazolinones

光系统Ⅱ抑制剂

Photosystem Ⅱ inhibitors

抑制光合系统

Disrupt photosynthetic system

D1蛋白

D1 protein

内吸

Systemic

三嗪类、三嗪酮类、尿嘧啶类

Triazines， triazinones， uracils，

EPSP合成酶抑制剂

EPSP synthase inhibitors

抑制芳香族氨基酸合成

Inhibit the synthesis of aromatic amino acids

5-烯醇式-3-磷酸合成酶

5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase

内吸

Systemic

草甘膦

Glyphosate

谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂

Glutamine synthetase inhibitors

抑制植物的光呼吸

Inhibit photorespiration in plants

谷氨酰胺合成酶

Glutamine synthetase

触杀

Contact

草铵膦

Glufosinate

乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors

抑制植物脂肪酸合成

Inhibit fatty acid synthesis in plants

乙酰辅酶A羧化酶

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

选择性内吸

Selective systemic

芳氧苯氧丙酸类、环己烯二类

Aryloxyphenoxypropionates， cyclohexanediones

图1 乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂类除草剂作用机理

Fig. 1 Mode of action diagram of acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicides

图2 原卟啉原氧化酶类抑制剂除草剂作用机理

Fig. 2 Mode of action diagram of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor herbicides

图3 光系统Ⅱ抑制剂除草剂作用机理

Fig. 3 Mode of action diagram of photosystem Ⅱ inhibitor herbicides

图4 5-烯醇式-3-磷酸合成酶抑制剂类除草剂作用机理注：PEP—磷酸烯醇丙酮酸；E4P—4-磷酸赤藓糖；DAHP—3-脱氧-阿拉伯庚酮糖酸-7-磷酸；DHQ—3-脱氢圭尼酸；DHS—3-脱氢莽草酸；SA—莽草酸；S3P—莽草酸-3-磷酸；EPSPS—5-烯醇式-3-磷酸合成酶。

Fig. 4 Mode of action diagram of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitor herbicidesNote： PEP—Phosphoenolpyruvat； E4P—Erythrose-4-phosphate； DAHP—3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulo-sonate-7-phosephate； DHQ—3-dehydroquinic acid； DHS—3-dehydroshikimic acid； SA—Shikimic acid； S3P—Shikimate-3-phosphate； EPSPS—5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase.

图5 谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂类除草剂作用机理

Fig. 5 Mode of action diagram of glutamine synthetase inhibitor herbicides

图6 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂类除草剂作用机理注：CIC—柠檬酸转运蛋白；ACLY—ATP-柠檬酸裂解酶；ACSS2—乙酰辅酶A合成酶2；ACC—乙酰辅酶A羧化酶；FASN—脂肪酸合成酶；HMGCS—3-羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶；HMGCR—3-羟基-3甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶。

Fig. 6 Mode of action diagram of acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor herbicidesNote： CIC—Citrate carrier； ACLY—ATP-citrate lyase； ACSS2—Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2； ACC—Acetyl-CoA carboxylase； FASN—Fatty acid synthase； HMGCS—3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase； HMGCR—3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase.

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