基于茄子种质资源设施栽培表型性状的遗传多样性研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0342

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为培育茄子设施新品种，发掘茄子优良种质资源，以30份不同遗传来源的茄子品系为材料，在日光温室种植，调查株高、主茎粗等设施栽培重要表型性状，分析其遗传多样性。结果表明，测定的14个性状存在不同程度的变异，变异系数在11.387%~55.014%，其中果肉色变异系数最小，果型变异系数最大，表明茄子果型变异丰富，有较强的选育潜力。相关分析表明，株高与单果重、株高与耐低温性、主茎粗与耐低温性、叶长与叶宽、耐低温性与单果重、单株结果数与单株产量呈显著正相关，其余性状间的相关未达显著水平。主成分分析将14个性状归纳为4个主成分，其累积贡献率为92.625%，基本包含茄子表型性状的大部分信息，可作为茄子表型性状的综合指标。在欧式距离为10处将30份茄子品系分为4个类群，综合分析认为，第Ⅲ类群适合设施栽培的性状较好，可作为杂交亲本选配来源。研究结果可为育种实践提供参考。

关键词: 茄子, 遗传多样性, 品系, 表型性状

Abstract:

To cultivate new varieties of eggplant facilities and explore good germplasm resources of eggplants， 30 eggplant lines from different genetic sources were used as the materials and planted in solar greenhouse. Important phenotypic traits in facility cultivation were investigated， such as plant height， main stem thickness and so on， and genetic diversity was analyzed. The results showed that there was different degrees of variation among the 14 personality traits measured， with coefficient of variation ranging from 11.387% to 55.014%， the coefficient of variation of fruit flesh color was the smallest， and the coefficient of variation of fruit type was the largest， indicating that eggplants had rich fruit type variation and strong breeding potential. The correlation analysis showed that there was significant positive correlation between plant height and single fruit weight， plant height and low temperature tolerance， main stem diameter and low temperature tolerance， leaf length and leaf width， low temperature tolerance and single fruit weight， and the number of fruits per plant and single plant yield. The correlation between other traits did not reach a significant level. Principal component analysis was used to classify 14 personality traits into 4 principal components， with a cumulated contribution rate of 92.625%， which basically contained most of the information of eggplant phenotypic traits and could be used as comprehensive indicator of eggplant phenotypic traits. 30 eggplant lines were divided into 4 groups at a European distance of 10. After comprehensive comparative analysis， it was found that the Class Ⅲ performed well and could be used as a parental trial combination. Above results provided reference for future breeding practices.

Key words: eggplant, genetic diversity, strain, phenotypic traits

中图分类号:

S641.1

阎世江, 张继宁, 刘洁. 基于茄子种质资源设施栽培表型性状的遗传多样性研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 111-119.

Shijiang YAN, Jining ZHANG, Jie LIU. Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits in Facility Cultivation of Eggplant Germplasm Resources[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 111-119.

图/表 7

参考文献 16

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性状 Trait	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	极差 Range	平均值 Average	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%
株高PH/cm	139.0	40.0	99.0	91.00	21.281
主茎粗MST/cm	29.3	9.6	19.7	17.94	25.732
株幅PW/cm	104.0	39.0	65.0	68.10	29.492
叶长LL/cm	34.8	8.5	26.3	19.04	24.852
叶宽LW/cm	22.0	5.2	16.8	11.60	25.057
首花节位PNP	11.7	3.5	8.2	6.70	20.817
耐低温性LTR	5.8	1.8	4.0	3.40	20.419
单株结果数NRPP	11.7	3.5	8.2	7.00	24.624
单株产量SPY/kg	5.4	1.6	3.8	3.20	24.790
单果重SFW/g	0.9	0.2	0.7	0.50	29.666
果型FT	3.2	1.0	2.2	1.70	55.014
果色FC	7.3	1.0	6.3	6.41	27.756
果肉色FFC	9.0	2.8	6.2	4.60	11.387
抗黄萎病性RVW	4.7	1.5	3.2	4.20	21.180

性状 Trait	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	极差 Range	平均值 Average	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%
株高PH/cm	139.0	40.0	99.0	91.00	21.281
主茎粗MST/cm	29.3	9.6	19.7	17.94	25.732
株幅PW/cm	104.0	39.0	65.0	68.10	29.492
叶长LL/cm	34.8	8.5	26.3	19.04	24.852
叶宽LW/cm	22.0	5.2	16.8	11.60	25.057
首花节位PNP	11.7	3.5	8.2	6.70	20.817
耐低温性LTR	5.8	1.8	4.0	3.40	20.419
单株结果数NRPP	11.7	3.5	8.2	7.00	24.624
单株产量SPY/kg	5.4	1.6	3.8	3.20	24.790
单果重SFW/g	0.9	0.2	0.7	0.50	29.666
果型FT	3.2	1.0	2.2	1.70	55.014
果色FC	7.3	1.0	6.3	6.41	27.756
果肉色FFC	9.0	2.8	6.2	4.60	11.387
抗黄萎病性RVW	4.7	1.5	3.2	4.20	21.180

性状 Trait	株高 PH	主茎粗 MST	株幅 PW	叶长 LL	叶宽 LW	首花节位 PNP	耐低温性 LTR	单株结果数 NRPP	单株产量 SPY	单果重 SFW	果型 FT	果色 FC	果肉色 FFC
主茎粗 MST	0.412
株幅 PW	0.360	0.422
叶长 LL	0.325	0.373	0.355
叶宽 LW	0.328	0.374	0.327	0.485^*
首花节位 PNP	0.329	0.374	0.333	0.384	0.254
耐低温性 LTR	0.465^*	0.482^*	0.410	0.219	0.142	-0.212
单株结果数 NRPP	0.426	0.381	0.369	0.386	0.208	0.309	0.406
单株产量 SPY	0.437	0.379	0.468	0.386	0.207	0.308	0.406	0.598^*
单果重 SFW	0.461^*	0.370	0.277	0.352	0.259	0.357	0.459^*	0.381	0.381
果型 FT	-0.313	-0.341	-0.262	-0.247	-0.244	-0.246	-0.370	-0.325	-0.344	-0.301
果色 FC	0.320	0.338	0.329	0.336	0.370	0.366	0.214	0.343	0.353	0.354	-0.004
果肉色 FFC	-0.131	-0.332	-0.254	-0.252	-0.239	-0.244	-0.267	-0.300	-0.316	-0.282	0.216	-0.012
抗黄萎病性 RVW	0.320	0.338	0.329	0.336	0.370	0.266	0.314	0.343	0.353	0.354	-0.004	-0.102	-0.012

性状 Trait	株高 PH	主茎粗 MST	株幅 PW	叶长 LL	叶宽 LW	首花节位 PNP	耐低温性 LTR	单株结果数 NRPP	单株产量 SPY	单果重 SFW	果型 FT	果色 FC	果肉色 FFC
主茎粗 MST	0.412
株幅 PW	0.360	0.422
叶长 LL	0.325	0.373	0.355
叶宽 LW	0.328	0.374	0.327	0.485^*
首花节位 PNP	0.329	0.374	0.333	0.384	0.254
耐低温性 LTR	0.465^*	0.482^*	0.410	0.219	0.142	-0.212
单株结果数 NRPP	0.426	0.381	0.369	0.386	0.208	0.309	0.406
单株产量 SPY	0.437	0.379	0.468	0.386	0.207	0.308	0.406	0.598^*
单果重 SFW	0.461^*	0.370	0.277	0.352	0.259	0.357	0.459^*	0.381	0.381
果型 FT	-0.313	-0.341	-0.262	-0.247	-0.244	-0.246	-0.370	-0.325	-0.344	-0.301
果色 FC	0.320	0.338	0.329	0.336	0.370	0.366	0.214	0.343	0.353	0.354	-0.004
果肉色 FFC	-0.131	-0.332	-0.254	-0.252	-0.239	-0.244	-0.267	-0.300	-0.316	-0.282	0.216	-0.012
抗黄萎病性 RVW	0.320	0.338	0.329	0.336	0.370	0.266	0.314	0.343	0.353	0.354	-0.004	-0.102	-0.012

性状 Trait	主成分Principal component
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4
株高 PH	0.833	0.201	-0.122	-0.007
主茎粗 MST	0.698	0.176	-0.600	0.240
株幅 PW	0.672	0.193	-0.321	0.225
叶长 LL	0.951	-0.142	0.157	0.101
叶宽 LW	0.959	-0.118	0.183	0.082
首花节位 PNP	0.961	-0.122	0.181	0.083
耐低温性 LTR	0.969	-0.104	0.163	0.034
单株结果数 NRPP	0.872	-0.099	0.413	0.114
单株产量 SPY	0.876	-0.101	0.407	0.089
单果重 SFW	0.677	0.210	-0.573	0.253
果型 FT	-0.586	0.618	0.253	0.442
果色 FC	0.495	0.742	0.076	-0.439
果肉色 FFC	-0.502	0.587	0.354	0.511
抗黄萎病性 RVW	0.495	0.742	0.076	-0.439
特征值 Eigenvalue	8.386	2.061	1.460	1.061
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	59.901	14.718	10.429	7.577
累计贡献率 Accumulated contribution rate/%	59.901	74.620	85.049	92.625