甘肃胡麻地方品种遗传多样性和群体结构分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胡麻是我国干旱地区的主要油料作物，甘肃是我国胡麻主要产区之一。研究甘肃胡麻地方品种的遗传多样性和群体结构，对于挖掘丰富优异等位变异、提高胡麻育种效率具有重要意义。利用SSR分子标记对甘肃省13个县（市、区）的94份胡麻地方品种资源进行遗传多样性和群体结构分析。结果表明，21对SSR引物共扩增出46个等位变异，每对引物有2～3个等位变异；多态信息含量为0.158~0.522，平均为0.343；观测杂合度为0.060~0.957，平均0.448；期望杂合度为0.126~0.569，平均0.408；香农多样性指数为0.267~0.860，平均0.613；以遗传距离0.028为阈值，94份胡麻地方品种被聚为4个类群。由此表明，甘肃胡麻地方品种间遗传差异较小、遗传距离相近、遗传背景狭窄。

关键词: 胡麻, 地方品种, 遗传多样性, 群体结构

Abstract:

Flax is a major oilseed crop in arid regions of China， and Gansu is one of the main production areas of flax in China. Studying the genetic diversity and population structure of flax local varieties in Gansu province is of great significance for uncovering rich and superior allelic variations and improving sesame breeding efficiency. Using SSR molecular marker， the genetic diversity and population structure of 94 flax local varieties from 13 counties （cities and districts） in Gansu province were analyzed. The results showed that 46 alleles were got by 21 SSR primers with 2~3 alleles per primer； the polymorphism information contents were 0.158~0.522 with an average of 0.343， the observed heterozygosity （H_o） was 0.060~0.957 with an average of 0.448， the expected heterozygosity （H_e） was 0.126~0.569 with an average of 0.408， and the Shannon diversity index were 0.267~0.860 with an average of 0.613. With a genetic distance threshold of 0.028， the 94 sesame resources were grouped into 4 groups. It showed that the genetic differences between sesame local varieties in Gansu province were small， the genetic distances were close， and the genetic background was narrow.

Key words: flax, local variety, genetic diversity, population structure

中图分类号:

S563.2

刘杰, 王斌, 侯静静, 吴兵, 赵利. 甘肃胡麻地方品种遗传多样性和群体结构分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(9): 69-78.

Jie LIU, Bin WANG, Jingjing HOU, Bing WU, Li ZHAO. Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Flax Local Varieties in Gansu[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(9): 69-78.

图/表 6

参考文献 33

[1]	马慧敏,任红燕,张振宇,等.山西胡麻产业高质量发展对策研究[J].山西农经,2024(5):152-156.
[2]	崔翠,周清元,王利鹃,等.亚麻种质主要农艺性状主成分分析与综合评价[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(12):10-18.
	CUI C, ZHOU Q Y, WANG L J, et al.. The cluster analysis and comprehensive evaluation of flax germplasm based on principal components of agronomic traits [J]. J. Southwest Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 2016, 38(12): 10-18.
[3]	张丽丽,刘晶晶,乔海明,等.从俄罗斯引进亚麻种质资源的农艺性状评价[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(5):698-703.
	ZHANG L L, LIU J J, QIAO H M, et al.. Evaluation of flax germplasm introduced from Russia by agronomic traits [J]. Chin. J. Oil Crop Sci., 2017, 39(5): 698-703.
[4]	HAO D M, QIU C S, LONG S H, et al.. An overview on molecular biology of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in China [J]. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2016, 17(8):1767-1772.
[5]	高凤云,斯钦巴特尔,周宇,等.基于SSR标记的胡麻粗脂肪及脂肪酸组分的关联分析[J].作物杂志,2022(1):44-49.
	GAO F Y, Siqinbateer, ZHOU Y, et al.. Association analysis of crude fat and fatty acid components in flax based on SSR markers [J]. Crops, 2022(1):44-49.
[6]	潘慧云.亚麻表型性状与SSR标记的关联分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2019.
	PAN H Y. Association analvsis of flax phenotypic traits using SSR markers [D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University, 2019.
[7]	何东锋.亚麻RAPD和微卫星标记开发与遗传多样性分析[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
	HE D F. Flax RAPD and microsatellite marker development and genetic diversity analysis [D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2009.
[8]	李秋芝,宋鑫玲,曹洪勋,等.100份亚麻种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系的RAPD分析[J].现代农业科技,2015(24):65-67, 71.
	LI Q Z, SONG X L, CAO H X, et al.. Genetic diversities and phylogenetic relationships of 100 flax germplasm resources based on RAPD [J]. Mod. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2015(24): 65-67, 71.
[9]	王斌.亚麻EST-SSR和SRAP标记研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2010.
	WANG B. Studies on EST-SSR and SRAP markers in flax [D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2010.
[10]	李闻娟,齐燕妮,王利民,等.运用SRAP分子标记对胡麻杂交种纯度的鉴定研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2019(9):59-62.
[11]	李丹丹.部分胡麻种质资源主要农艺性状和AFLP分子标记的遗传多样性分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
	LI D D. Genetic diversity of agronomic traits and aflp marker of flax germplasm [D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2015.
[12]	SINGH N, AGARWAL N, YADAV H K. Genome-wide SNP-based diversity analysis and association mapping in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) [J/OL]. Euphytica, 2019, 215(8): 139 [2024-02-10]. .
[13]	伊六喜,斯钦巴特尔,高凤云,等.内蒙古胡麻地方品种资源遗传多样性分析[J].作物杂志,2018,34(6):53-57.
	YI L X, Siqinbateer, GAO F Y, et al.. Genetic diversity of flax germplasm resources in Inner Mongolia [J]. Crops, 2018, 34(6):53-57.
[14]	邓欣.亚麻分子标记的开发及产量相关性状的关联分析[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
	DENG X. Development of molecular markers and association analysis of yield related traits in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) [D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2013.
[15]	CLOUTIER S, NIU Z, DATLA R, et al.. Development and analysis of EST-SSRs for flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) [J]. Theor. Appl. Genet., 2009, 119(1): 53-63.
[16]	WU J, ZHAO Q, WU G, et al.. Development of novel SSR markers for flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) using reduced-representation genome sequencing [J]. Front. Plant Sci., 2017, 7(7): 22-30.
[17]	李清超,张登峰,李春辉,等.西南地区玉米地方种质资源遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J].作物杂志,2024(4):24-32.
	LI Q C, ZHANG D F, LI C H, et al.. Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of maize landraces in southwest China [J]. Crops, 2024(4): 24-32.
[18]	李荣华,夏岩石,刘顺枝,等.改进的CTAB提取植物DNA方法[J].实验室研究与探索,2009,28(9):14-16.
	LI R H, XIA Y S, LIU S Z, et al.. CTAB-improved method of DNA extraction in plant [J]. Res. Explor. Lab., 2009, 28(9): 14-16.
[19]	DENG X, LONG S H, HE D F, et al.. Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) [J]. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2011, 10: 734-739.
[20]	SAHA D, RANA R S, DAS S, et al.. Genome-wide regulatory gene-derived SSRs reveal genetic differentiation and population structure in fiber flax genotypes [J]. J. Appl. Genet., 2019, 60(1): 13-25.
[21]	BICKEL C L, GADANI S, LUKACS M, et al.. SSR markers developed for genetic mapping in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) [J]. Res. Reports Biol., 2011, 2: 23-29.
[22]	ROOSE-AMSALEG C, CARIOU-PHAM E, VAUTRIN D, et al.. Polymorphic microsatellite loci in Linum usitatissimum [J]. Mol. Ecol. Notes, 2006, 6(3): 796-799.
[23]	SOTO-CERDA B J, CARRASCO R A, ARAVENA G A, et al.. Identifying novel polymorphic microsatellites from cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) following data mining [J]. Plant Mol. Biol. Report., 2011, 29(3): 753-759.
[24]	SOTO-CERDA B J, CLOUTIER S. Outlier loci and selection signatures of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) [J]. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep., 2013, 31(4): 978-990.
[25]	樊文强,盖红梅,孙鑫,等.SSR数据格式转换软件DataFormater [J].分子植物育种,2016,14(1):265-270.
	FAN W Q, GAI H M, SUN X, et al.. DataFormater, a software for SSR data formatting to develop population genetics analysis [J]. Mol. Plant Breeding, 2016, 14(1): 265-270.
[26]	YAN W, KARIKARI B, CHANG F, et al.. Genome-wide association study to map genomic regions related to the initiation time of four growth stage traits in soybean [J/OL]. Front. Genet., 2021, 12: 715529 [2024-02-10]. .
[27]	HIETER P A, HOLLIS G F, KORSMEYER S J, et al.. Clustered arrangement of immunoglobulin lambda constant region genes in man [J]. Nature, 1981, 294(5841): 536-540.
[28]	汤存伟,余雄,刘武军,等.新疆13个绵羊群体遗传多样性及遗传分化的研究[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(1):13-19.
	TANG C W, YU X, LIU W J, et al.. Stndy on genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 13 sheep populations in Xinjiang uygur autonomous region [J]. J. Domest. Anim. Ecol., 2011, 32(1): 13-19.
[29]	WRIGHT S. Variability within and among Natural Populations [M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978:1-256.
[30]	黄燕,朱振东,段灿星,等.灰葡萄孢蚕豆分离物的遗传多样性[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(12):2335-2347.
	HUANG Y, ZHU Z D, DUAN C X, et al.. Genetic diversity of Botrytis cinerea isolates from broad bean [J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2014, 47(12): 2335-2347.
[31]	穆小婷,廖侦成,凌彩金,等.基于SSR标记的55份清远野生茶树种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析[J].中国茶叶,2023, 45(2): 36-43.
	MU X T, LIAO Z C, LING C J, et al.. Genetic diversity and relationship analysis of 55 wild tea germplasm from Qingyuan based on SSR markers [J]. China Tea, 2023, 45(2): 36-43.
[32]	罗凯, 卢会翔, 吴正丹,等.中国西南地区甘薯主要育种亲本的遗传多样性及群体结构分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):593-608.
	LUO K, LU H X, WU Z D, et al.. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of main sweet potato breeding parents in southwest China [J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2016, 49(3): 593-608.
[33]	王欣,李强,曹清河,等.中国甘薯产业和种业发展现状与未来展望[J].中国农业科学,2021,54(3):483-492.
	WANG X, LI Q, CAO Q H, et al.. Current status and future prospective of sweetpotato production and seed industry in China [J]. Sci. Agric. Sin., 2021, 54(3): 483-492.

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence （5’-3’）
m10	GGGATGCTGATGAGGAAG	GGAGGAGACAGAGGTGGA
LGM-61	GCCTGCAGTTTAGTCGTTGG	CGGAAAGAACAATTCCAGCTC
LU28	TCCCAGCGAGTTTGGTGAG	TGGAGGAACTAATTGTGGCAAG
LU3	GCTCGTGATCTCCTTCATCC	AAAACCACGTCCAGATGCTC
LU7	CATCCAACAAAGGGTGGTG	GGAACAAAGGGTAGCCATGA
LU8	TCCCGTAATATTCTATGTTCTTCC	TGAGTTGGACCTTACAAGACTCA
LU15	TGGACGACGATGAAGATGAA	CCGCCGGGTACACTACTACT
LU18	AGAGGCGGAGGGCATTAC	TTGGAGAGTTGGAATCGAGA
101	AGGAAGAGGTAGCCCAGTCC	AGACTCACGGTGAAGGCAAC
35L	ACGTCGAGGAGAAGGGAGAT	AATGTCCGTCTCCCACAAAC
SR3572	TCTCGTAGCTAGGGAGATGG	AAAGCCGTCGTACTCACCAC
scaffold993	CAGATCGATGAACTCCTCCTCA	GCTGCTTTTGTTGTTGTTGGAG
scaffold231	TTGAGGTGCAGCTTAACAGAGC	AATGGGTTTCAGCAGCTTCTTC
sfd584	TCATTTCTCCAACCAGCTGAAA	CAAATCTCCGGACCAGACTCTT
scaffold25	TGGAGCTTCTTCATCTGCTTTG	GGATTCAACCGACTTGGGATAA
Lu291	GGAAATTCCAAGTTCCCAGT	AGTTTCGCTATTCCGTCTGC
Lu672	GGATTTGACGCTGGGTGTAG	GGATTTGACGCTGGGTGTAG
Lu836	AAGATAGGGGGACGCAGAAT	AAGATAGGGGGACGCAGAAT
Lu2553	TGGGAGAAATTATCCACTACGC	TGGGAGAAATTATCCACTACGC
Lu2565	AACCAAGAGGCTTCATACGG	AACCAAGAGGCTTCATACGG
Lu2996	GGCAGACTCTCGCTGGTTAG	GGCAGACTCTCGCTGGTTAG

引物名称 Primer name	引物序列 Primer sequence （5’-3’）
m10	GGGATGCTGATGAGGAAG	GGAGGAGACAGAGGTGGA
LGM-61	GCCTGCAGTTTAGTCGTTGG	CGGAAAGAACAATTCCAGCTC
LU28	TCCCAGCGAGTTTGGTGAG	TGGAGGAACTAATTGTGGCAAG
LU3	GCTCGTGATCTCCTTCATCC	AAAACCACGTCCAGATGCTC
LU7	CATCCAACAAAGGGTGGTG	GGAACAAAGGGTAGCCATGA
LU8	TCCCGTAATATTCTATGTTCTTCC	TGAGTTGGACCTTACAAGACTCA
LU15	TGGACGACGATGAAGATGAA	CCGCCGGGTACACTACTACT
LU18	AGAGGCGGAGGGCATTAC	TTGGAGAGTTGGAATCGAGA
101	AGGAAGAGGTAGCCCAGTCC	AGACTCACGGTGAAGGCAAC
35L	ACGTCGAGGAGAAGGGAGAT	AATGTCCGTCTCCCACAAAC
SR3572	TCTCGTAGCTAGGGAGATGG	AAAGCCGTCGTACTCACCAC
scaffold993	CAGATCGATGAACTCCTCCTCA	GCTGCTTTTGTTGTTGTTGGAG
scaffold231	TTGAGGTGCAGCTTAACAGAGC	AATGGGTTTCAGCAGCTTCTTC
sfd584	TCATTTCTCCAACCAGCTGAAA	CAAATCTCCGGACCAGACTCTT
scaffold25	TGGAGCTTCTTCATCTGCTTTG	GGATTCAACCGACTTGGGATAA
Lu291	GGAAATTCCAAGTTCCCAGT	AGTTTCGCTATTCCGTCTGC
Lu672	GGATTTGACGCTGGGTGTAG	GGATTTGACGCTGGGTGTAG
Lu836	AAGATAGGGGGACGCAGAAT	AAGATAGGGGGACGCAGAAT
Lu2553	TGGGAGAAATTATCCACTACGC	TGGGAGAAATTATCCACTACGC
Lu2565	AACCAAGAGGCTTCATACGG	AACCAAGAGGCTTCATACGG
Lu2996	GGCAGACTCTCGCTGGTTAG	GGCAGACTCTCGCTGGTTAG

引物Primer	N_a	N_e	PIC	H_o	H_e	I	F_st	N_m
m10	3	1.704	0.369	0.457	0.415	0.730	0.030	8.093
LGM-61	2	1.353	0.227	0.309	0.262	0.430	0.014	17.634
LU28	2	1.837	0.352	0.702	0.458	0.614	0.005	52.071
LU3	2	1.826	0.350	0.692	0.455	0.627	0.011	23.148
LU7	2	1.972	0.439	0.117	0.495	0.644	0.051	4.626
LU8	3	2.305	0.522	0.400	0.569	0.645	0.010	25.916
LU15	3	1.987	0.441	0.628	0.499	0.648	0.012	20.478
LU18	2	1.732	0.333	0.606	0.425	0.654	0.046	5.150
101	2	1.929	0.366	0.809	0.484	0.675	0.008	30.151
35L	2	1.937	0.367	0.819	0.486	0.677	0.006	41.212
SR3572	2	1.996	0.375	0.511	0.502	0.692	0.007	34.529
scaffold993	2	1.665	0.416	0.552	0.402	0.589	0.016	15.365
scaffold231	2	1.996	0.375	0.958	0.502	0.692	0.002	151.690
sfd584	2	1.209	0.158	0.192	0.174	0.316	0.060	3.943
scaffold25	3	2.067	0.444	0.404	0.519	0.852	0.008	33.264
Lu291	2	1.162	0.148	0.060	0.140	0.267	0.045	5.351
Lu672	2	1.398	0.261	0.108	0.286	0.459	0.009	29.635
Lu836	2	1.252	0.187	0.223	0.203	0.396	0.010	25.828
Lu2553	2	1.858	0.355	0.170	0.464	0.855	0.007	34.298
Lu2565	2	1.824	0.408	0.200	0.454	0.860	0.032	7.609
Lu2996	2	1.586	0.301	0.489	0.372	0.556	0.030	8.038

引物Primer	N_a	N_e	PIC	H_o	H_e	I	F_st	N_m
m10	3	1.704	0.369	0.457	0.415	0.730	0.030	8.093
LGM-61	2	1.353	0.227	0.309	0.262	0.430	0.014	17.634
LU28	2	1.837	0.352	0.702	0.458	0.614	0.005	52.071
LU3	2	1.826	0.350	0.692	0.455	0.627	0.011	23.148
LU7	2	1.972	0.439	0.117	0.495	0.644	0.051	4.626
LU8	3	2.305	0.522	0.400	0.569	0.645	0.010	25.916
LU15	3	1.987	0.441	0.628	0.499	0.648	0.012	20.478
LU18	2	1.732	0.333	0.606	0.425	0.654	0.046	5.150
101	2	1.929	0.366	0.809	0.484	0.675	0.008	30.151
35L	2	1.937	0.367	0.819	0.486	0.677	0.006	41.212
SR3572	2	1.996	0.375	0.511	0.502	0.692	0.007	34.529
scaffold993	2	1.665	0.416	0.552	0.402	0.589	0.016	15.365
scaffold231	2	1.996	0.375	0.958	0.502	0.692	0.002	151.690
sfd584	2	1.209	0.158	0.192	0.174	0.316	0.060	3.943
scaffold25	3	2.067	0.444	0.404	0.519	0.852	0.008	33.264
Lu291	2	1.162	0.148	0.060	0.140	0.267	0.045	5.351
Lu672	2	1.398	0.261	0.108	0.286	0.459	0.009	29.635
Lu836	2	1.252	0.187	0.223	0.203	0.396	0.010	25.828
Lu2553	2	1.858	0.355	0.170	0.464	0.855	0.007	34.298
Lu2565	2	1.824	0.408	0.200	0.454	0.860	0.032	7.609
Lu2996	2	1.586	0.301	0.489	0.372	0.556	0.030	8.038

来源地Source	陇东LD	陇南LN	中部ZB
陇南LN	0.977
中部ZB	0.984	0.991
河西HE	0.983	0.985	0.986