沙区追踪式光伏阵列区域土壤养分空间分异特征

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0304

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确沙区光伏电站平单轴低桩追踪式光伏电板对土壤养分空间分布特征的影响，以内蒙古西部典型沙区光伏电站植被自然恢复区内平单轴低桩追踪式光伏电板下的土壤为研究对象，将光伏电板分为光伏板间（IP）、板前（FP）、板后（BP）、板下（UP）4个位置，同时在每个位置设置0—10、10—20、20—40、40—60、60—100 cm共5种土层深度，以光伏电站内无任何光伏措施的裸沙地为对照（CK），通过相关分析及单因素方差分析探究平单轴低桩追踪式光伏电板下土壤的养分水平以及垂直分布特征，进一步利用主成分分析对该场区不同位置的土壤质量进行评价。结果表明，追踪式光伏电板的建设会降低光伏场区的大气温度与大气湿度。电板不同位置的土壤水分和土壤容重均表现出随土层深度的增加而增加的规律。追踪式光伏电板的建设会增加土壤的养分含量，土壤碱解氮、有机质、速效钾含量随土层深度的增加而降低，速效磷含量在不同深度之间变化不大且呈现波动性变化。追踪式光伏电板区域的土壤质量较CK位置有所提高，其中IP、FP、RP位置的土壤质量较好，UP与CK位置的土壤质量较差，表明沙区追踪式光伏电板的建设与运营会提高场区内的土壤质量。研究结果为沙区光伏电站的生态修复提供理论支持。

关键词: 沙区, 追踪式光伏, 土壤养分, 空间分异特征, 土壤质量评价

Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of flat single-axis low-pile tracking photovoltaic panels on the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in photovoltaic power stations in sandy areas， the soil under flat single-axis low-pile tracking photovoltaic panels in the vegetation natural restoration area of photovoltaic power stations in typical sandy areas of western Inner Mongolia was taken as the research object. The photovoltaic panels were divided into 4 positions： inter-panel （IP）， front-panel （FP）， back-panel （BP） and under-panel （UP）. At the same time， 5 soil depths of 0 to 10， 10 to 20， 20 to 40， 40 to 60 and 60 to 100 cm were set at each position. The bare sandy land without any photovoltaic measures in the photovoltaic power station was used as the control （CK）. Through correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance， the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of soil nutrients under the flat uniaxial low-pile tracking photovoltaic panel were explored， and the principal component analysis was further used to evaluate the soil quality at different locations in the field.The results showed that the construction of tracking photovoltaic panels would reduce the atmospheric temperature and atmospheric humidity in the photovoltaic field. The soil moisture and soil bulk density at different positions of the electric board showed a law of increasing with the increase of soil depth. The construction of tracking photovoltaic panels would increase the content of soil nutrients. The contents of soil available nitrogen， organic matter and available potassium decreased with the increase of soil depth. The content of available phosphorus changed little and fluctuates between different depths. The soil quality of the tracking photovoltaic panel area was higher than that of the CK position， among which the soil quality of IP， FP and RP positions was better， and the soil quality of UP and CK positions was poor，which showed that the construction and operation of tracking photovoltaic panels in sand area improved the soil quality in the field area. Above results provided theoretical support for the ecological restoration of photovoltaic power stations in sandy areas.

Key words: sand area, tracking photovoltaic, soil nutrients, spatial differentiation characteristics, soil quality evaluation

中图分类号:

S152.7

袁嘉茂, 高永. 沙区追踪式光伏阵列区域土壤养分空间分异特征[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 216-225.

Jiamao YUAN, yong GAO. Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Sand Area Tracking Photovoltaic Array Area[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 216-225.

图/表 8

图1 取样位置

Fig. 1 Sampling location

图2 光伏电板不同位置大气温湿度注：不同小写字母表示光伏场区不同位置间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Temperature and humidity at different positions of photovoltaic panelsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different locations in the photovoltaic field at P<0.05 level.

图3 光伏电板不同位置的土壤水分和容重注：不同小写字母表示光伏场区不同位置间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Soil moisture and bulk density at different positions of photovoltaic panelsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different locations in the photovoltaic field at P<0.05 level.

图4 光伏电板不同位置土壤养分特征注：不同小写字母表示光伏场区不同位置间土壤养分在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 4 Characteristic of soil nutrient content at different positions of photovoltaic panelsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in soil nutrients between different locations in the photovoltaic field at P<0.05 level.

图5 光伏电板不同深度土壤养分特征注：不同小写字母表示光伏场区不同深度间土壤养分在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 5 Characteristic of soil nutrient content at different depths of photovoltaic panelsNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in soil nutrients between different depths in the photovoltaic field area at P<0.05 level.

表1 土壤质量评价的主成分分析

Table 1 Principal component analysis of soil fertility quality evaluation indexes

指标 Indicator	主成分Principal component		公因子方差Communality/%	分组Group
指标 Indicator	1	2	公因子方差Communality/%	分组Group
有机质Organic matter	-0.333	0.908	93.5	1
碱解氮AN	0.166	0.940	91.1	1
速效钾AK	0.851	0.375	86.5	1
速效磷AP	0.955	-0.199	95.2	1
土壤容重Soil bulk density	-0.186	-0.179	6.7	2
土壤水分Soil moisture	-0.901	0.017	81.1	2
特征值Eigenvalue	2.620	1.919
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/%	43.67	31.99
累积方差贡献率Accumulative variance contribution rate/%	43.67	75.66

图6 光伏场区大气温湿度和土壤指标相关性分析注：*表示在P<0.05水平相关显著。

Fig. 6 Correlation analysis of air temperature， humidity and soil indicators in the photovoltaic field areaNote：* indicates significant correlation at P<0.05 level.

表2 主成分得分和综合得分

Table 2 Principal component score and comprehensive score

位置 Position	Y₁得分 Y₁ score	Y₂得分 Y₂ score	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Rank
IP	2.34	-0.84	0.75	1
FP	-0.24	1.35	0.33	3
UP	-1.36	0.84	-0.32	4
BP	0.73	0.65	0.53	2
CK	-1.48	-2.01	-1.29	5

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