秸秆生物炭和秸秆对麦玉轮作系统土壤养分及作物产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0996

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨生物炭和秸秆在石灰性潮土区对麦玉轮作系统的影响，采用冬小麦季玉米秸秆还田-夏玉米季小麦秸秆不还田的单季还田模式，按照观测小区内实际平均玉米秸秆干物质量进行倍数施用，设置玉米秸秆0.5（S0.5）、1.0（S1.0）、1.5（S1.5）和2.0倍（S2.0）还田，以及将等量玉米秸秆全部转化为生物炭进行施用（B0.5、B1.0、B1.5、B2.0），以无生物炭和秸秆的处理为对照（CK），测定不同处理下的土壤养分及作物产量。结果表明，生物炭和秸秆还田处理对冬小麦、夏玉米两季的土壤全效以及速效养分具有一定的促进作用，整体上在冬小麦季对土壤养分的改善及碳氮比的提升效果优于夏玉米季。在冬小麦季，生物炭和秸秆还田处理的小麦籽粒产量较对照分别显著增加9.04%~21.76%和15.31%~22.96%；在夏玉米季，B0.5、S1.0、S1.5、S2.0处理的玉米籽粒产量较对照分别显著增产10.86%、8.72%、10.89%、12.22%。整体上施用生物炭和秸秆对冬小麦的增产效果高于夏玉米，且以秸秆还田处理的增产效果更优。因此，在鲁西平原石灰性潮土区正常施肥的基础上，在冬小麦季施加0.5倍玉米秸秆炭化的生物炭或1.0倍玉米秸秆不仅有利于提高土壤肥力，还可以增加冬小麦、夏玉米两季作物的籽粒产量。

关键词: 生物炭, 秸秆, 麦玉轮作, 土壤养分, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of biochar and straw on wheat-maize rotation system in calcareous fluvo-aquic soil area， the single-season returning mode was adopted with maize straw returning in winter wheat season and wheat straw not returning in summer maize season. According to the actual average dry matter mass of corn stalks in the observation plot， the amount of maize straw returned to the field was set to 0.5 （S0.5）， 1.0 （S1.0）， 1.5 （S1.5） and 2.0 （S2.0） times， the amount of biochar was used to convert the same amount of corn straw into biochar （B0.5， B1.0， B1.5 and B2.0）， and no biochar and straw was used as control （CK）. The soil nutrition content and crop yield under different treatments were determined. The results showed that biochar and straw treatments could promote the contents of total available nutrients and available nutrients in soil during the growth seasons of winter wheat and summer maize. On the whole， the improvement of soil nutrients in winter wheat and the increase of C/N ratio were higher than those in summer maize. Compared with the control， biochar and straw treatments significantly increased grain yield of winter wheat by 9.04%~21.76% and 15.31%~22.96%， respectively. In summer maize season， B0.5， S1.0， S1.5 and S2.0 treatments significantly increased grain yield by 10.86%， 8.72%， 10.89% and 12.22%， respectively. The effect of biochar and straw on winter wheat yield was higher than that of summer maize， and the effect of straw returning was better. Therefore， on the basis of normal fertilization in the calcareous fluvo-aquic soil area of the Luxi Plain， the applications of 0.5 times of corn straw carbonized biochar and 1.0 times of corn straw in the winter wheat season should not only conducive to improving soil fertility， but also increase the grain yield of winter wheat and summer maize.

Key words: biochar, straw, wheat-maize rotation, soil nutrients, yield

中图分类号:

郑云珠, 孙树臣. 秸秆生物炭和秸秆对麦玉轮作系统土壤养分及作物产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(2): 152-162.

Yunzhu ZHENG, Shuchen SUN. Effects of Straw Biochar and Straw on Soil Nutrients and Crop Yield in Wheat-Maize Rotation System[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(2): 152-162.

图/表 7

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