外源磷对栽培人参皂苷含量及根际土壤的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0292

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 238-249.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0292

• 生物制造资源生态 • 上一篇

外源磷对栽培人参皂苷含量及根际土壤的影响

方晶¹(), 刘春铄¹, 刘蕊¹, 徐哲丰¹, 陈雨秋³, 齐伟辰², 陈长宝¹(), 张涛¹^,²()

^1.长春中医药大学吉林省人参科学研究院，长春 130117
^2.长春中医药大学药学院，长春 130117
^3.长春中医药大学基础医学院，长春 130117

收稿日期:2024-04-12 接受日期:2024-07-19 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-15
通讯作者: 陈长宝,张涛
作者简介:方晶 E-mail：835506940@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(82204556);国家自然科学基金项目(82073969);吉林省科技发展计划项目(YDZJ202303CGZH011);吉林省重点研发计划项目(20240305005YY)

Effect of Exogenous Phosphorus Regulation on Saponins Content and Inter-root Soil of Cultivated Ginseng

Jing FANG¹(), Chunshuo LIU¹, Rui LIU¹, Zhefeng XU¹, Yuqiu CHEN³, Weichen QI², Changbao CHEN¹(), Tao ZHANG¹^,²()

^1.Jilin Ginseng Academy，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China
^2.College of Pharmacy，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China
^3.College of Basic Medicine，Changchun University of Chinese Medicine，Changchun 130117，China

Received:2024-04-12 Accepted:2024-07-19 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: Changbao CHEN,Tao ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究外源磷肥对改良参地土壤中人参质量的影响，以改良后的人参连作土壤为试验材料，分别施用磷肥0.00（CK）、0.44（P1）、0.62（P2）、0.80 g·kg^-1（P3），共计4个处理，对不同处理下栽培人参的皂苷含量、根际土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性进行检测，结合相关性分析和主成分分析明确人参皂苷及土壤性质随生长时期变化的规律。结果表明，人参的鲜重和干重随磷肥施用量的增加而增加，P1和P2处理对土壤碱解氮、速效钾和有机质含量有正向促进作用。低水平磷处理对人参皂苷及总皂苷的积累有正向调控作用；土壤电导率、速效钾和土壤蛋白酶对人参皂苷积累有正向调控作用。主成分分析提取出2个主成分，累计贡献率达94.726%。综合分析表明，P1（0.44 g·kg^-1）处理栽培人参的长势更好，人参皂苷有效成分积累更多，土壤环境更适宜人参生长。以上研究结果为改良后人参连作土壤合理施用磷肥提供了科学依据。

关键词: 磷, 人参, 营养元素, 皂苷, 相关性

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of exogenous phosphorus fertilizer on the quality of ginseng in continuous cropping soil， the soil of the continuous cropping ginseng land was as the experimental material， and 4 phosphorus application treatments were set including 0.00 （CK）， 0.44 （P1）， 0.62 （P2）， 0.80 g·kg^-1 （P3）. The saponins content of cultivated ginseng and the physicochemical properties， soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of different treatments were determined. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were combined to clarify the patterns of changes in cultivated ginseng ginsenosides and soil properties with the growth period. The results showed that the fresh and dry weights of ginseng increased with the increase of phosphate fertilizer application amount， and P1 and P2 treatments had a positive effect on the contents of soil alkaline nitrogen， available potassium and organic matter. The accumulation of ginsenosides and total saponins was positively regulated by low level of exogenous phosphorus. Soil conductivity， available potassium and soil protease had a positive regulatory effect on ginsenoside accumulation. The principal component analysis extracted 2 principal components， which the cumulative contribution rate reached 94.726%. The comprehensive analysis indicated the cultivated ginseng of P1 treatment （0.44 g·kg^-1） showed better growth， accumulated more ginsenoside effective components， and the soil environment was more suitable for ginseng growth. Above results provided scientific basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer to the soil improved old ginseng land.

Key words: phosphorus, Panax ginseng, nutritional element, saponin, correlation

中图分类号:

方晶, 刘春铄, 刘蕊, 徐哲丰, 陈雨秋, 齐伟辰, 陈长宝, 张涛. 外源磷对栽培人参皂苷含量及根际土壤的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(10): 238-249.

Jing FANG, Chunshuo LIU, Rui LIU, Zhefeng XU, Yuqiu CHEN, Weichen QI, Changbao CHEN, Tao ZHANG. Effect of Exogenous Phosphorus Regulation on Saponins Content and Inter-root Soil of Cultivated Ginseng[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(10): 238-249.

图/表 13

参考文献 30

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时间 Time/min	流动相A Fluid phase A/%	流动相B Fluid phase B/%
0—18	19→23	81→77
18—28	23→28	77→72
28—30	28→32	72→68
30—50	32→34	68→66
50—70	34→80	66→20

时间 Time/min	流动相A Fluid phase A/%	流动相B Fluid phase B/%
0—18	19→23	81→77
18—28	23→28	77→72
28—30	28→32	72→68
30—50	32→34	68→66
50—70	34→80	66→20

人参皂苷 Ginsenoside	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²	含量线性范围 Linear range of content/mg
Ro	y=214 055x+26.759	0.999 0	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rg₁	y=223 076x+23.105	0.999 0	0.001 2~0.024 0
Re	y=220 380x+10.868	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rf	y=306 357x+62.417	0.999 7	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rb₁	y=155 839x+1.099	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rc	y=181 626x-10.791	0.999 9	0.001 0~0.020 0
Rb₂	y=217 709x-2.963	0.999 8	0.000 9~0.018 0
Rb₃	y=203 643x-2.797	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rd	y=212 073x+1.318	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rh₂	y=152 219x+9.985	0.999 7	0.001 3~0.026 0
Rg₃	y=509 071x+44.312	0.999 8	0.001 0~0.020 0
总皂苷 Total saponins	y=1.939 7x+0.144	0.999 7	0.100 0~1.000 4

人参皂苷 Ginsenoside	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²	含量线性范围 Linear range of content/mg
Ro	y=214 055x+26.759	0.999 0	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rg₁	y=223 076x+23.105	0.999 0	0.001 2~0.024 0
Re	y=220 380x+10.868	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rf	y=306 357x+62.417	0.999 7	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rb₁	y=155 839x+1.099	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rc	y=181 626x-10.791	0.999 9	0.001 0~0.020 0
Rb₂	y=217 709x-2.963	0.999 8	0.000 9~0.018 0
Rb₃	y=203 643x-2.797	0.999 8	0.001 1~0.022 0
Rd	y=212 073x+1.318	0.999 8	0.001 2~0.024 0
Rh₂	y=152 219x+9.985	0.999 7	0.001 3~0.026 0
Rg₃	y=509 071x+44.312	0.999 8	0.001 0~0.020 0
总皂苷 Total saponins	y=1.939 7x+0.144	0.999 7	0.100 0~1.000 4

移栽后时间 Time after planting/d	处理 Treatment	pH	电导率 Electric conductivity/（μS·cm^-1）	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/（mg·kg^-1）	有机质 Organic matter/%
34	CK	5.30±0.00 d	37.53±9.04 d	45.97±4.76 d	167.42±0.08 d	26.40±0.35 c
	P1	5.55±0.01 c	123.67±6.81 c	79.57±5.30 c	194.60±0.06 c	25.34±0.39 c
	P2	5.69±0.00 b	152.23±3.22 a	92.63±4.28 b	238.88±0.13 a	30.09±0.23 b
	P3	5.95±0.01 a	138.67±5.03 b	103.13±3.86 a	222.34±0.07 b	47.21±1.84 a
48	CK	4.93±0.01 d	44.33±8.33 d	39.43±2.91 d	167.84±0.1 d	28.36±0.57 d
	P1	5.48±0.00 b	153.33±8.50 c	85.40±0.70 c	175.27±0.06 c	30.85±0.65 c
	P2	5.53±0.00 a	189.00±6.24 a	96.37±1.46 b	216.21±0.07 a	35.37±0.65 b
	P3	5.28±0.01 c	164.67±9.07 b	107.57±2.14 a	181.49±0.07 b	39.82±0.78 a
62	CK	5.14±0.00 d	59.67±15.95 d	40.37±0.40 d	176.19±0.07 c	31.6±0.65 d
	P1	5.17±0.01 c	196.33±17.79 b	87.03±2.65 c	217.82±0.08 b	34.99±0.65 c
	P2	5.35±0.01 b	344.67±20.21 a	99.63±1.07 b	237.08±0.07 a	39.52±0.65 b
	P3	5.85±0.00 a	175.67±9.24 c	111.07±1.46 a	216.95±0.33 b	44.04±0.65 a
76	CK	4.85±0.01 d	45.33±9.29 d	41.53±1.07 d	179.04±0.04 d	29.64±0.60 d
	P1	5.34±0.01 c	269.67±5.51 c	91.47±2.14 c	206.76±0.01 b	32.73±0.65 c
	P2	5.70±0.02 b	342.33±14.57 a	102.67±2.46 b	227.04±0.15 a	37.26±0.65 b
	P3	6.09±0.01 a	299.00±9.54 b	113.63±1.46 a	207.52±0.03 b	44.04±0.65 a
90	CK	4.82±0.03 d	58.00±5.89 d	42.47±1.46 c	183.63±0.08 d	28.58±0.65 d
	P1	5.27±0.00 c	197.67±6.55 b	92.87±1.07 b	201.70±0.06 b	37.26±0.65 c
	P2	5.92±0.00 b	200.67±11.61 a	99.63±1.07 b	208.38±0.08 a	42.53±0.00 b
	P3	6.21±0.01 a	143.67±5.73 c	115.73±1.07 a	193.30±0.08 c	45.17±0.65 a

外源磷对栽培人参皂苷含量及根际土壤的影响

Effect of Exogenous Phosphorus Regulation on Saponins Content and Inter-root Soil of Cultivated Ginseng

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Metrics

指标 Index	载荷值Loading value		得分Score
指标 Index	第1主成分PC1	第2主成分PC2	第1主成分PC1	第2主成分PC2
x₁：Rb₁	0.988	-0.143	0.155	-0.011
x₂：Rg₁	0.574	0.814	-0.205	0.477
x₃：Re	0.950	-0.173	0.160	-0.030
x₄：PPD	0.998	0.022	0.101	0.079
x₅：PPT	0.780	0.613	-0.117	0.382
x₆：总皂苷 Total saponins	0.949	-0.001	0.104	0.063
x₇：电导率 Electric conductivity	0.865	-0.433	0.237	-0.176
x₈：速效钾 Available potassium	0.920	-0.266	0.188	-0.082
x₉：蛋白酶 Protease	0.825	0.337	-0.021	0.237
x₁₀：淀粉酶 Amaylase	-0.917	0.349	-0.215	0.127
特征值 Eigenvalue	7.924	1.548	—	—
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	79.244	15.482	—	—
累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate/%	79.244	94.726	—	—

处理Treatment	F_PC1	F_PC2	F	排序Ranking
CK	31.65	10.91	28.26	4
P1	79.46	-12.32	64.46	1
P2	78.61	-13.61	63.54	2
P3	59.49	-9.04	48.29	3

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