白萝卜气吸式精量排种器结构设计与分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0233

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为满足白萝卜机械种植要求，解决我国西南地区缺乏相关种植机械问题，设计了一种气吸式精量排种器。通过计算与理论分析，设计了排种器关键结构参数；对充种、携种和投种阶段种子受力进行分析，确定了影响播种性能的主要因素。利用Fluent软件仿真模拟不同型孔尺寸参数对负气压室气流影响，确定了最佳型孔直径参数，其型孔直径范围为2.079~2.178 mm。通过参数优化得到最佳参数组合为：排种盘直径200 mm、型孔分布直径160 mm、型孔个数16个、型孔直径2.2 mm。排种性能台架试验结果表明，在工作转速为30.54 r·min^-1，负气压室气压为6.58 kPa，排种器单粒合格指数95.61%，漏播指数为0.64%，重播指数为2.04%。该研究结果有助于提高播种器性能，为白萝卜精量播种机器设计与制造提供可靠参考。

关键词: 白萝卜, 气吸式排种器, 精量播种, 仿真

Abstract:

In order to meet the requirements of mechanical planting of white radish and solve the problem of lack of related planting machinery in southwest China， an air-suction precision seeder was designed. Through calculation and theoretical analysis， the key structural parameters of the seeder were designed. The force of seeds in the filling， carrying and seeding stages were analyzed， and the main factors affecting the sowing performance were determined. By using Fluent software， the influence of different hole size parameters on the air flow of the negative air pressure chamber was simulated， and the optimal hole diameter parameters were determined， the diameter of the hole was 2.079~2.178 mm. Through parameter optimization， the best parameter combination was obtained： the diameter of the seed plate was 200 mm， the distribution of the hole diameter was 160 mm， the number of holes was 16， and the hole diameter was 2.2 mm. The results of the bench test of seeding performance showed that the working speed was 30.54 r·min^-1， the air pressure in the negative air pressure chamber was 6.58 kPa， the single grain qualification index of the seeder was 95.61%， the missed seeding index was 0.64%， and the reseeding index was 2.04%. The results improved the performance of the seeder and provided reference the design and manufacture of white radish precision seeding machine.

Key words: white radish, air suction seed metering device, precision sowing, simulation

中图分类号:

S223.2+5

岳海霞, 谭波, 魏松, 谢红. 白萝卜气吸式精量排种器结构设计与分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2024, 26(5): 120-128.

Haixia YUE, Bo TAN, Song WEI, Hong XIE. Structural Design and Analysis of Air Suction Precision Metering Device for White Radish[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024, 26(5): 120-128.

图/表 13

图1 排种器结构注：1—主架；2—左壳体；3—鸭嘴固定架；4—密封圈；5—吸种盘；6—种盘限位套；7—右壳体；8—种室隔板；9—入种口；10—导气管。

Fig. 1 Structure of seed metering deviceNote： 1—Main frame of the seeder； 2—Left shell of the seeder； 3—Duckbill fixed frame； 4— Sealing ring； 5— Seed suction disc； 6—Seed plate limit sleeve； 7— Right shell of the seed runner； 8—Seed chamber partition； 9—Seed inlet； 10—Air duct.

图2 排种吸附状态分析

Fig. 2 Analysis of seed metering adsorption state

图3 携带过程中种子运动分析

Fig. 3 Analysis of seed movement during carrying

图4 落种过程种子运动分析

Fig. 4 Analysis of seed movement and speed in seed dropping process

图5 负气压型仿真模型

Fig. 5 negative pressure simulation model

图6 网格划分

Fig. 6 Grid division

表2 不同型孔的网格数量

Table 2 Grids number with different hole

型孔直径Hole diameter/mm	网格数Grid number
2.0	964 437
2.2	916 632
2.5	888 957

图7 不同型孔负气压室整体流场压力云图

Fig. 7 Pressure nephogram of whole flow field of negative pressure chamber under different hole

图8 不同型孔负气压室整体流场速度云图

Fig. 8 Velocity nephogram of whole flow field of negative pressure chamber under different hole

图9 不同型孔负气压室整体流场湍动能云图

Fig. 9 Turbulent kinetic energy nephogram of whole flow field of negative pressure chamber under different hole

图10 不同型孔直径负气压室局部流场压力云图

Fig. 10 Pressure nephogram of local flow field distribution of negative pressure chamber under different hole

图11 不同型孔直径负气压室局部流场速度云图

Fig. 11 Velocity nephogram of local flow field distribution of negative pressure chamber under different hole

图12 不同型孔直径负气压室局部流场湍动能云图

Fig. 12 Turbulent kinetic energy nephogram of local flow field distribution of negative pressure chamber under different hole

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