搅种型孔式水稻穴播排种器的性能模拟与试验

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2020.0975

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对水稻种子表面粗糙导致的充种区种子流动性差、充种困难问题，设计了一种具有辅助充种搅种的双腔水稻精量穴播排种器。该排种器利用凸于排种盘外的搅种型孔对充种区种子进行扰动，增加种子在充种区的流动性；在搅种型孔首段设置搅种侧板，引导种子流向并辅助充种。EDEM仿真结果表明，该搅种型孔能增加充种区种子流动性，实现辅助充种作用。以破胸露芽的常规稻“广两优100”为研究对象，以搅种型孔深度、排种盘转速和充种区种层高度为试验因素进行三因素三水平正交试验，在JPS-12型排种器性能检测试验台上对该排种器排种性能进行了台架试验，结果表明：当型孔深度7 mm，充种区种层高度50 mm，排种盘转速30 r·min^-1时，穴粒数合格指数达到85.7 %，漏播指数为1.8%，穴距合格指数为96.4%，排种器性能最优。该研究可为机械式水稻精量排种器的结构设计与性能优化提供参考。

关键词: 搅种型孔, 精密排种器, 水稻, 精量穴播, 双腔排种, EDEM仿真, 台架试验

Abstract:

Aming at the problems of poor fluidity and the difficulty of filling seeds in the filling area resulted by rough surface of rice seeds， a double-cavity rice precision seeding and bunch seeding device with filling and stirring function was designed. The device stired the filling area’s seeds through the stirring type holes protruding from the seed plate to increase the seeds fluidity in the filling area. Besides， the stirring side plate was placed in the first stage of the stirring type holes to direct the seed flow and assist the seed filling. The results of EDEM simulation showed that the stirring holes increased the seeds fluidity of the filling area and assist with the seed filling. This three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was conducted taking the rice seed “Guangliangyou 100” with bud as the test object and the stirring hole depth， the seeding plate rotation speed and the seeding layer height as test factors. Additionally， bench test was conducted on the bunch seeding device’s performance on the JPS-12 test stand. The experimental results showed that when the hole depth was 7 mm， the seeding layer height of the filling area was 50 mm， and the rotation speed of the bunch seeding plate was 30 r·min^-1， the performance of the bunch seeding device was optimal. At this time， the qualified rate of the hole number was 85.7%， the seeding omission index was 1.8%， and the qualified rate of hole spacing was 96.4%. This study provided reference for the design and improving seeding performance of mechanical seeding device.

Key words: seed-stirring hole, precision bunch seeding, rice, precision hole sowing, double cavity bunch seeding, EDEM simulation, bench test

中图分类号:

S223.2

唐楠锐, 周勇, 张国忠, 梁方, 柯烩彬. 搅种型孔式水稻穴播排种器的性能模拟与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(4): 107-115.

Nanrui TANG, Yong ZHOU, Guozhong ZHANG, Fang LIANG, Huibin KE. Performance Simulation and Experiment of Stirred and Bunch Rice Seeding Device[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(4): 107-115.

图/表 17

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项目Items	泊松比Poisson’s ratio	剪切模量Shear modulus/Pa	密度Density/（kg·m^-3）
水稻种子Rice seed	0.3	1.82×10⁸	1 125
外壳shell	0.5	1.77×10⁸	1 180
种刷Brush	0.4	1.00×10⁸	1 150

项目Items	泊松比Poisson’s ratio	剪切模量Shear modulus/Pa	密度Density/（kg·m^-3）
水稻种子Rice seed	0.3	1.82×10⁸	1 125
外壳shell	0.5	1.77×10⁸	1 180
种刷Brush	0.4	1.00×10⁸	1 150

项目Item	弹性恢复系数 Coefficient of restitution	滑动摩擦系数 Coefficient of sliding friction	滚动摩擦系数 Coefficient of rolling friction
水稻种子Rice seed	0.30	0.56	0.01
水稻-外壳Rice-shell	0.50	0.50	0.01
种刷-水稻Brush-rice	0.45	0.50	0.01

项目Item	弹性恢复系数 Coefficient of restitution	滑动摩擦系数 Coefficient of sliding friction	滚动摩擦系数 Coefficient of rolling friction
水稻种子Rice seed	0.30	0.56	0.01
水稻-外壳Rice-shell	0.50	0.50	0.01
种刷-水稻Brush-rice	0.45	0.50	0.01

转速 Rotating speed /（r·min^-1）	漏播率 Leak seeding rate/%	合格率 Pass rate/%	重播率 Repeat seeding rate/%
25	1.22	89.22	9.55
29	2.22	86.66	11.12
33	3.33	85.34	11.67
37	3.33	80.00	16.67