外源菌剂对稻秆腐解及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0148

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 166-177.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0148

外源菌剂对稻秆腐解及微生物群落结构的影响

邵社刚¹(), 李婷²(), 柳勇², 林兰稳², 张东¹, 倪栋¹, 李俊杰², 朱立安²()

^1.交通运输部公路科学研究院，公路交通环境保护技术交通运输行业重点实验室，北京 100088
^2.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所，华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心，广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室，广州 510650

收稿日期:2022-03-01 接受日期:2022-04-17 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 朱立安
作者简介:邵社刚 E-mail： sg.shao@rioh.cn
李婷 E-mail： tli@soil.gd.cn第一联系人：邵社刚和李婷为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020214001);国家自然科学基金项目(41771232);海南省自然科学基金项目(421RC658);广东省科学院建设国内一流研究机构行动计划项目(2019GDASYL-0104014);公路交通环境保护技术交通运输行业重点实验室项目

Effects of Exogenous Promoting Bacteria Agent on Decomposition Characteristics and Microbial Community Structure of Rice Straw

Shegang SHAO¹(), Ting LI²(), Yong LIU², Lanwen LIN², Dong ZHANG¹, Dong NI¹, Junjie LI², Li’an ZHU²()

^1.Key Laboratory of Road Traffic and Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute of Highway，Ministry of Transport，Beijing 100088，China
^2.National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China，Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management，Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences，Guangdong Academy of Sciences，Guangzhou 510650，China

Received:2022-03-01 Accepted:2022-04-17 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-28
Contact: Li’an ZHU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究促腐菌剂对秸秆腐解理化性质及微生物群落结构变化的影响，以水稻秸秆为原料，设置添加促腐菌剂处理（JF）和未添加对照（CK），测定分析其理化指标和微生物群落结构变化特征。结果表明，添加促腐菌剂对堆体腐解率、pH、有机碳、全氮和碳氮比（C/N）无显著影响，但堆体全磷含量较CK显著增加8.4%，碳磷比（C/P）显著降低9.1%。门水平上，优势细菌群落为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria），优势真菌群落为担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和未确认真菌门（Unclassified fungi）。JF处理的细菌Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria丰度分别在第0~8、8~28天大于CK，真菌Basidiomycota、Ascomycota、Unclassified fungi分别在堆体升温期、冷却期和成熟期依次演替，丰度均大于CK。属水平上，优势细菌群落为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、假黄单胞菌属（Pseudoxanthomonas）、大肠杆菌-志贺氏菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）、克罗诺杆菌属（Cronobacter）、纤维弧菌属（Cellvibrio）、类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus）；优势真菌群落为拟鬼伞属（Coprinopsis）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）、节担菌属（Wallemia）、黑果菌属（Melanocarpus）、嗜热真菌属（Thermomyces）。JF处理的细菌Escherichia-Shigella和Cronobacter丰度在升温期分别较CK高0.3%~4.5%和1.3%~3.1%；真菌Wallemia丰度较CK高3.9%~4.5%，且Melanocarpus、Thermomyces丰度在第8天分别较CK高39.2%、39.1%。典型对应分析表明，全氮、有效磷分别是影响细菌、真菌群落最重要的环境指标。综上所述，外源促腐菌剂通过提高水稻秸秆部分成熟度指标、增加部分功能微生物群落丰度而影响其腐解，为提高水稻秸秆还田利用率提供理论和科学依据。

关键词: 水稻秸秆, 促腐菌剂, 理化性质, 细菌群落, 真菌群落, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To Explore the effect of straw decompostition agents on the changes of physicochemical parameters and microbial communities in the decomposition of rice straw， 2 treatments were set up in the experiment： straw decompostition agent（JF） and no inoculation（CK）. Changes of the physicochemical parameters and microbial communities composition were measured and analyzed. The results showed that straw decompostition agent had insignificant effects on decomposition rate， pH， total organic carbon， total nitrogen and the ratio of C/N， but the content of total P increased by 8.4% and the ratio of C/P decreased by 9.1%， significantly. At the phylum level， Proteobacteria， Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria communities， Basidiomycota， Ascomycota and Unclassified fungi were the dominant fungus communities. The abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria at 0~8 and 8~28 d in JF were higher than those in CK， respectively. Basidiomycota， Ascomycota and Unclassified fungi were the dominant fungus communities in the temperature rising， cooling off and maturity stage， and their abundances in JF were higher than those in CK. At the genus level， the dominant bacteria communities included Bacillus， Pseudoxanthomonas， Escherichia-Shigella， Cronobacter， Cellvibrio and Paenibacillus，the dominant fungus communities included Coprinopsis， Aspergillus， Wallemia， Melanocarpus and Thermomyces. The abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Cronobacter in JF were 0.3%~4.5% and 1.3%~3.1% higher in the temperature rising stage than those in CK， respectively. The abundance of Wallemia in JF was 3.9%~4.5% higher in the temperature rising stage than that in CK. The abundances of Melanocarpus and Thermomyces in JF were 39.2% and 39.1% higher on the 8^th day than those in CK， respectively. The canonical correlation analysis （CCA） showed that total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the most important environmental indicators affecting bacteria and fungus communities. To sum up， the straw decompostition agent affected the decomposing of rice straw by increasing the maturity indexes of part of the rice straw and increasing the abundances of some functional microbial communities， which provided theoretical and scientific basis for improving the utilization rate of rice straw returning to the field.

Key words: rice straw, straw decompostition agent, physicochemical propertiess, bacterial community, fungal community, high throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

X712

邵社刚, 李婷, 柳勇, 林兰稳, 张东, 倪栋, 李俊杰, 朱立安. 外源菌剂对稻秆腐解及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(9): 166-177.

Shegang SHAO, Ting LI, Yong LIU, Lanwen LIN, Dong ZHANG, Dong NI, Junjie LI, Li’an ZHU. Effects of Exogenous Promoting Bacteria Agent on Decomposition Characteristics and Microbial Community Structure of Rice Straw[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(9): 166-177.

图/表 7

图1 腐解过程中温度变化

Fig. 1 Changes of temperature during the decomposing process

图2 腐解过程中腐解率和pH变化注：不同英文字母表示相同处理不同腐解时间内差异在P<0.05水平显著，不同希腊字母表示相同腐解时间不同处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 Changes of decomposition rate and pH during the decomposing processNote： Different English letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different decomposing times under same treatment， different Greek letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments under same decomposing time.

表1 腐解过程中有机碳、全氮、全磷、碳氮比和碳磷比的变化

Table 1 Changes of total organic C， total N， total P， C/N and C/P during the decomposing process

时间 Time/d	处理 Treatment	有机碳 Total organic C /%	全氮 Total N /%	全磷 Total P/%	碳氮比 C/N	碳磷比 C/P
0	CK	39.8±0.2 aα	1.55±0.04 cα	0.33±0.00 cα	25.6±0.0 aα	120.5±0.5 aα
0	JF	41.1±0.5 aα	1.64±0.01 bcα	0.34±0.01 dα	25.0±0.2 aα	120.4±1.1 aα
3	CK	40.1±0.6 aα	1.63±0.02 cα	0.34±0.01 cβ	24.7±0.6 aα	118.4±4.3 abα
3	JF	39.1±0.3 bα	1.55±0.05 cα	0.39±0.01 cα	25.2±1.0 aα	100.5±2.6 bβ
8	CK	39.6±0.3 aα	2.19±0.01 bα	0.44±0.00 bα	18.1±0.2 bα	89.1±0.6 bβ
8	JF	38.4±0.2 bcβ	2.15±0.07 abα	0.41±0.00 cβ	18.0±0.7 bα	94.1±1.3 bα
14	CK	36.5±0.3 bα	2.29±0.03 bα	0.46±0.02 bβ	16.0±0.3 cα	79.7±0.8 cα
14	JF	37.2±0.1 cα	2.30±0.01 aα	0.59±0.01 bα	16.2±0.1 bα	62.9±1.1 cβ
28	CK	34.4±0.2 cα	2.42±0.02 aα	0.59±0.01 aβ	14.2±0.1 cα	58.2±0.9 dα
28	JF	33.9±0.2 dα	2.44±0.02 aα	0.64±0.01 aα	13.9±0.1 cα	52.9±1.3 dβ

表2 腐解过程中硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和特征紫外吸光度的变化

Table 2 Changes of NO3--N， NH4+-N， Olsen-Pand SUVA254 during the decomposing process

时间 Time/d	处理 Treatment	硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	铵态氮 NH $4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Olsen-P/（mg·kg^-1）	特征紫外吸光度 SUVA₂₅₄
0	CK	19.9±1.8 bα	164.0±3.6 cα	150.8±1.9 aα	2.87±0.06 bβ
0	JF	16.0±0.5 cβ	94.8±4.1 cβ	148.5±1.1 aα	3.15±0.05 bα
3	CK	19.9±1.8 bα	4 669.4±70.0 aα	120.7±1.9 bα	1.87±0.04 dβ
3	JF	17.9±0.9 cα	4 708.4±213.0 aα	113.3±2.2 bα	2.20±0.05 dα
8	CK	32.3±4.9 aα	795.2±40.8 bβ	85.0±2.2 cα	2.61±0.04 cα
8	JF	24.8±1.6 aα	975.2±19.8 bα	86.4±1.3 cα	2.20±0.00 dβ
14	CK	19.3±4.1 bα	39.5±6.2 dβ	31.7±0.6 dβ	2.65±0.02 cα
14	JF	18.7±0.8 bcα	98.1±3.2 cα	34.5±0.3 dα	2.72±0.06 cα
28	CK	31.9±4.1 aα	43.6±1.5 dβ	25.8±0.9 dα	3.36±0.08 aα
28	JF	22.1±2.6 abβ	87.3±8.8 cα	26.2±0.2 dα	3.45±0.00 aα

表2 腐解过程中硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和特征紫外吸光度的变化

Table 2 Changes of NO3--N， NH4+-N， Olsen-Pand SUVA254 during the decomposing process

时间 Time/d	处理 Treatment	硝态氮 NO $3 -$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	铵态氮 NH $4 +$ -N/（mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Olsen-P/（mg·kg^-1）	特征紫外吸光度 SUVA₂₅₄
0	CK	19.9±1.8 bα	164.0±3.6 cα	150.8±1.9 aα	2.87±0.06 bβ
0	JF	16.0±0.5 cβ	94.8±4.1 cβ	148.5±1.1 aα	3.15±0.05 bα
3	CK	19.9±1.8 bα	4 669.4±70.0 aα	120.7±1.9 bα	1.87±0.04 dβ
3	JF	17.9±0.9 cα	4 708.4±213.0 aα	113.3±2.2 bα	2.20±0.05 dα
8	CK	32.3±4.9 aα	795.2±40.8 bβ	85.0±2.2 cα	2.61±0.04 cα
8	JF	24.8±1.6 aα	975.2±19.8 bα	86.4±1.3 cα	2.20±0.00 dβ
14	CK	19.3±4.1 bα	39.5±6.2 dβ	31.7±0.6 dβ	2.65±0.02 cα
14	JF	18.7±0.8 bcα	98.1±3.2 cα	34.5±0.3 dα	2.72±0.06 cα
28	CK	31.9±4.1 aα	43.6±1.5 dβ	25.8±0.9 dα	3.36±0.08 aα
28	JF	22.1±2.6 abβ	87.3±8.8 cα	26.2±0.2 dα	3.45±0.00 aα

表3 腐解过程中细菌、真菌群落丰富度与多样性的变化

Table 3 Changes of bacterial and fungal community diversity and richness indices during the decomposing process

时间 Time/d	处理 Treatment	Chao1指数Chao1 index		Shannon指数Shannon index		覆盖率Coverage/%
时间 Time/d	处理 Treatment	细菌Bacterium	真菌Fungus	细菌Bacterium	真菌Fungus	细菌Bacterium	真菌Fungus
0	CK	752.7±3.9 cα	149.0±3.3 bβ	5.63±0.10 bcα	2.65±0.29 abα	99.7±0.0	99.9±0.0
0	JF	774.9±18.2 cα	189.1±13.1 abα	5.50±0.06 cα	3.00±0.06 abα	99.7±0.0	99.9±0.0
3	CK	1 585.6±42.0 aα	192.7±15.6 aα	6.89±0.13 aα	4.15±0.18 aα	99.2±0.0	99.9±0.0
3	JF	1 676.9±28.4 aα	236.7±18.8 aα	6.79±0.05 aα	4.15±0.15 aα	99.1±0.0	99.9±0.0
8	CK	1 632.9±52.7 aα	195.2±5.4 aα	5.51±0.05 cα	3.62±0.55 abα	99.1±0.0	99.9±0.0
8	JF	1 218.6±28.1 bβ	112.0±27.5 bcα	5.36±0.10 cα	1.96±0.78 bα	99.4±0.0	100.0±0.0
14	CK	1 103.6±13.5 bα	49.6±5.1 dα	6.06±0.14 bα	0.06±0.01 cα	99.5±0.0	100.0±0.0
14	JF	1 111.5±53.0 bα	44.9±9.7 cα	5.98±0.03 bα	0.21±0.18 cα	99.4±0.0	100.0±0.0
28	CK	1 266.7±38.2 bα	100.7±3.4 cα	6.61±0.03 aα	2.26±0.32 bα	99.4±0.0	99.9±0.0
28	JF	1 183.3±12.7 bα	103.4±4.1 cα	6.17±0.11 bβ	2.42±0.04 bα	99.5±0.0	99.9±0.0

图3 细菌、真菌群落在门和属分类水平的分布特征变化A：门分类水平上细菌群落变化特征；B：属分类水平上细菌群落变化特征；C：门分类水平上真菌群落变化特征；D：属分类水平上真菌群落变化特征

Fig. 3 Analysis of distribution characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities at phylum and genus levelA： Distribution characteristics of bacterial communities at phylum level； B： Distribution characteristics of bacterial communities at genus level； C： Distribution characteristics of fungal communities at phylum level； D： Distribution characteristics of fungal communities at genus level

图4 属水平上微生物群落结构与理化性质的CCA分析注：d0、d3、d8、d14、d28分别表示腐解的第0、3、8、14、28天。 A—铵态氮； TP—总磷； TN—总氮； P—有效磷； S—SUVA254； T—温度； TOC—有机碳； C/N—C/N比； C/P—C/P比； X—硝态氮。Non.—野野村菌属； Act.—马杜拉放线菌属； Par.—副杆菌属； Bac.—芽孢杆菌属； Pae.—类芽孢杆菌属； The.—耐热芽孢杆菌属； Pus.—极小单胞菌属； Cel.—纤维弧菌属； Cro.—克罗诺杆菌属； Ent.—肠杆菌属； E-S—埃希氏-志贺氏菌属； Kle.—克雷伯氏菌属； Lut.—藤黄单胞菌属； Pse.—假黄单胞菌属； DSSF69—DSSF69。Cla.—分子孢子菌属； Asp.—曲霉属； Xer.—耐干霉菌属； The.—嗜热真菌属； Lec.—蜡蚧菌属； Sim.—Simplicillium； Sar.—帚枝霉属； Sce.—丝孢菌属； Mel.—黑果菌属； Ova.—Ovatospora； Rem.—Remersonia； Cop.—拟鬼伞属； Mal.—马拉色霉菌属； Dio.—Dioszegia； Wal.—节担菌属。

Fig. 4 Analysis of RDA of microbial community structure and physical and chemical properties at genus levelNote： d0， d3， d8， d14， d28 indicate the 0， 8th， 14th， 20th and 28th day of the composting process. A—NH4+-N； TP—Total phosphorus； TN—Total nitrogen； P—Olsen-P； S—SUVA254； T—Temperature； TOC—Total organic C； C/N—C/N ratio； C/P—C/P ratio； X—NH3--N. Non.—Nonomuraea； Act.—Actinomadura； Par.—Parapedobacter； Bac.—Bacillus； Pae.—Paenibacillus； The.—Thermobacillus； Pus.—Pusillimonas； Cel.—Cellvibrio； Cro.—Cronobacter； Ent.—Enterobacter； E-S—Escherichia-Shigella； Kle.—Klebsiella； Lut.—Luteimonas； Pse.—Pseudoxanthomonas. Cla.—Cladosporium； Asp.—Aspergillus； Xer.—Xeromyces； The.—Thermomyces； Lec.—Lecanicillium； Sim.—Simplicillium； Sar.—Sarocladium； Sce.—Scedosporium； Mel.—Melanocarpus； Ova.—Ovatospora； Rem.—Remersonia； Cop.—Coprinopsis； Mal.—Malassezia； Dio.—Dioszegia； Wal.—Wallemia.

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外源菌剂对稻秆腐解及微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of Exogenous Promoting Bacteria Agent on Decomposition Characteristics and Microbial Community Structure of Rice Straw

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